Thirty--one cases of primary bladder tumors were studied clinically and pathologically.
1. Six cases of them were benign and 25 cases were malignant.
2. Clinically many cases were behind the times of treatment, and about 50 per cent of cases were not treated by the will of patients themselves, in spite of being diagnosed as bladder tumor.
3. Pathologically there was tendency that the stage became deeper with progress of the grade, but there was a case that the grade was low despite of the deep stage.
4. By considering the course of death cases and others, the purpose of treatment must be made with thinking of presence of the metastasis, especially of upwards metastasis, which exert a wide influence upon prognosis.

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Fifty six cases with non-union or delayed union were treated by us during the past 9 years. The incidence accounted for 7.7% of all the in-patients with bone fracture.
They were 21 cases with the fractured femur, 19 cases with the tibia, 8 cases with the humerus and 8 others. There was only one female. The age distribution indicated the highest in the thirties.
The traffic accident was its major cause, with approximately 60%, and the labor accident and others were the remainder. The compound fracture was found in 17 cases or about 30%. The simple fracture was thus in an unexpectedly high rate.
The etiology of such non- or delayed unions was as follows, according to Dr. Jinnaka's Massif ication, There were the inadequate treatment in 38 cases or about 68% of our series. The impropriety of non-operative reposition and fixation was suspected in 1 case, and that of operative ones suspected in 20 cases, The metallic internal fixation was commonly used combined with the silver wire binding method. Our reflection was called for upon the fact that there were 7 cases where the improper union was presumably attributed to the use of the different type of metals. There were 18 cases in which the improper union was ascribed to the bone fracture itself; the majority of them were of the compound fracture of the tibia.
Surgical therapy was performed upon 51 cases. In 22 cases with delayed union, the fractured stumps were usually freshened and joined by means of the metallic internal fixation. In 29 cases with the bone graft, the fresh autograft was applied. The bone pieces were supplied from their iliac bone in 70%. The fibula was employed mainly to the defect of the injured tibia as an onlay or inlay graft, expecting also the role as its splint.
Cancellous bone materials were preferably used in the graft method, whether the onlay or the inlay graft. The donor bone was usually fixed onto the periosteum of the recipient or its soft tissue with silk sutures, or inlayed into a groove of the recipient bone previously made. The screw fixation was applied to both the ends of the bone in 3 cases treated with the inlay method.
In all the cases with the bone graft, the metallic internal fixation was applied in combination in order not only to reinforce the strength of the fixation but also to shorten the time of gyps fixation.
Our curability was 96%, which was of our considerable satisfaction. There were only 2 cases who failed in our therapy. One of them was the fracture of the cervix of the femur, in which Neufeld's type nail was applied for the fixation and cancellous bone was filled upon freshening the fractured stumps. The other was the fracture of the shaft of the humerus, in which the onlay graft and the metallic internal fixation were applied.

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The our ileocecoplasty is the side to side anastomosis with caecum and terminal ileum, that is done together the ileocecal valvulotomy.
Fourty three cases who were operated by our ileocecoplasty, and the results of this operation were the most satisfactory for the ileocecalgia and chronic constipation, which were caused by the colon of right side, i. e. megacaecum, megaascendens and caecum mobile.

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In order to improve the survival rate of the thyroid cancer, it is greatly important to detect thyroid cancer in early stage
During the past two years from 1965 up to date, 22 cases of early cancer of the thyroid were experienced. Histological examination of these cases revealed 12 papillary type, 2 follicular type, 4 mixed papillary-follicular type and 4 others.
The thyroid diseases occur more frequently in female than in male, and rather frequently in young age. As to the cases of thyroid cancer the same tendency is noted, that distinguishes this type of cancer from cancer of other regions.
For the purpose of the diagnosis of the thyroid diseases, we have practiced several kinds of examination. They were 131-I uptake test, B. M. R., Triosorb test, thyroid scanning and serological studies in human auto-immune thyroiditis. 131-I uptake test, B. M. R. and Triosorb test do not distinguish early cancer of thyroid from benign thyroid nodule. The values of then tests are almost normal or slightly lower than normal.
The thyroid scintigram is most important to detect early cancer of thyroid. There are sevcral features of the scintigram of thyroid cancer. Generally, the thyroid nodules (both malignant and benign) show defect or cold nodule on the thyroid scintigram in high frequency. Defect were observed in all of 22 cancers, and in 37 of 40 benign nodules.
Strongly suggestive scintigram patterns of early cancer of thyroid are as follows.
1. Nonfunctional total defect of the one lobe is most likely thyroid cancer. Non-functional total defect were shown in 6 of 22 cancers, and in only 3 of 40 benign nodules.
2. Partial defect with lower activity in the area adjacent to nodule is found in 10 cases of 14 partial defect of thyroid cancer, but only 6 cases of 28 partial defect of benign thyroid nodule.
3. Higher activity in the area adjacent to the nodule is demonstrated in 5 cases of follicular adenoma, but not in any case of thyroid cancer.
4. Displacement of the involved lobe is more frequently found in thyroid cancer than benign nodule. Displacement were observed in 12 cases of 22 cancers but only 4 cases of 40 benign nodule. Very often trachea displacement is accompanied with.
For the nodule on the isthmus, scanning is hard to differentiate cancer from benign nodule.
Hashimoto's disease show several patterns on the scintigram. Total defect of the involved lobe by this disease is almost the same pattern as thyroid cancer. Detection of the autoantibodies is so much helpful very often for the differentiation of Hashimoto's diseases from thyroid cancer.
Thyroidectomy is performed by the strongly suggestive scintigram patterns of early cancer of thyroid. Postoperative external high energy irradiation or multi-131-I administration treatment will be chosen by the histological findings. Survival period of the early cancer of thyroid is long enough.
Miller have stated that the diagnosis of the “surgical” thyroid nodule may be questioned by the scintigram, supported by the scintigram, but not made by the scintigram. My concept of the usefulness of the scintigram in the diagnosis of the early cancer of thyroid prior to the operation correspond with Miller's opinion.
Entire course of thyroid cancer is mainly followed by thyroid scanning.

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Calcospherites representing psammoma bodies are seemed to have diagnostic significance in carcinoma of the thyroid as pointed out by Klinck (1955) and some authors.
The series of material for this study consist of 65 patients with goiter treated surgically in Fukuoka Central Hospital. Nineteen of these 65 patients were histologically proved adenocarcinoma and in 10 cases of them calcospherites were present, but were not found in the other cases except one which were not carcinomatous.
In one case of the latter a diagnosis of benign cyst was made, but the calcospherites were microscopically noted. For this reason the more sections were examined, consequently the minimal area was found which shoves papillary fashion. And, in one case of the carcinoma the correct diagnosis was obtained by the same.

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Using “Triosorb Diagnostic Kit”, the thyroid function test with ¹³¹I-T₃ resin sponge uptake was performed. The test procedure was investigated and the following results were obtained.
1. Results of the test were as follows;
The mean value of normal men (23 cases) was 30±2.4%, , non-toxic diffuse goiter (41 cases) was 30.9±3.3%, hyperthyroidism (48 cases) was 40.5±6.9% and hypothyroidism (12 cases) was 21.9±1.8%.
2. The test was compared with BMR, PBII and ¹³¹I thyroidal uptake. ¹³¹I-T₃ resin sponge uptake has a significant correlation between BMR and PBI, but no correlation between ¹³¹I thyroidal uptake.
3. In treated cases of thyroid diseases, the results of the test before and after the treatment demonstrated a significant parallelism with clinical symptomes and other clinical laboratory data.
4. The test procedure was investigated on a) incubation temperature, b) incubation time, c) washing time of resin sponge, d) the reproducibility of the test value and e) preservation of sera.
5. The test demonstrated only slight overlap in its results of euthyroid, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and normal persons, so it is very useful examination for thyroid diseases.

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This report deals with the count of circulating eosinophils and basophils in 86 patients with various kind of goiter during a year and one month from July 1965 to July 1966, This work has been made as a part of the study to evaluate the biological meaning of the number of circulating eosinophils and basophils in various experimental animals and human beings during past ten years.
In the first place, blood was taken from the ante-cubital vein of the patients during the time about 10 a, m. to noon and the number of eosinophils and basophils was counted using Manner's staining method and Arase's staining method.
In addition, to make sure the diagnosis, B. M, R, ¹³¹I-24-hour Thyroidal uptake, ¹³¹I-Resin Sponge uptake etc. were examined and Scintigram was performed.
Among 86 cases, 17 patients with untreated Graves' disease and Plummers' disease showed eosinophils below 50/mm³ and basophils below 10/mm³.
About 22 patients who had been treated already, both of Graves' disease and Plummers' disease, showed inrceased number of eosinophils and basophils. The same result was obtained in the patients with nontoxic goiter.
Moreover, sequential observation of circulating eosinophils and basophils during the proper treatment on the hyperthyreosis revealed that the gradual increase of eosinophils occured at first and followed by the increase of basophils.
From the results of this experiment, the count of circulating eosinophils and basophils seems to be highly valuable for the differential diagnosis of thyroid disease and to decide the treatment of Hyperthyreosis.

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The mastoid cavity in classical tympanoplasty gives many troubles to both surgeons and patients. In an attempt to overcome the problem of mastoid cavity after tymanoplasty, the most effective method is to reconstruct an nearly normal auditory meatus postoperativaly. For this purpose surgical procedures have been devised by J. Ouchi and M. Muta etc., which consist of conservation of the ear canal and the use of the temporal fascia graft of the ear drum.
The author reported the experiments of the fascia graft tympanoplasty in the same procedure.
The result were obtained satisfactory.
1) The Postoperative troubles were solved completely.
2) The new auditory meatus and ear drums were healed in 80%, but in 20% perforation of the new drum ocurred.
3) Post-operatively auditory acuity showed 30 db, level in 74% of cases, in which only 34% of cases improved definitely in comparison with pre-operative test.

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Identification of slow-growing mycobacteria has been done by the pattern of utilization of ten carbohydrates in the presence of glutamate-nitrogen. The utilization of the following carbohydrates was observed regarding the positive growth on a medium containing one of the carbohydrates as the positive utilization; glucose, fructose, sucrose, acetate, citrate, succinate, malate, pyruvate, malonate and fumarate. From these results, the following conclusions were obtained:
(1) Nonphotochromogens (Battey strains) were differentiated from M. avium by this method, and three major patterns, A, B and C, were recognized in the nonphotochromogens.
(2) Scotochromogens isolated from patients as multiple isolates in this country showed the same pattern or its derivatives. The pattern was similar to the type C of the nonphotochromogens.
(3) M. avium and M. terrae showed the same pattern and could de differentiated from other slow-growing mycobacteria by their pattern.
(4) M. marinum showed a pattern specific for the species. Two subtypes were recognized.
(5) M. thermoresistibile showed a pattern specific for the species.
(6) Patterns of the utilization of carbohydrates in the presence of glutamate-nitrogen are summarized in Table 10.

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The occurrence of complications after pulmonary resections against pulmonary tuberculosis was examined in the two groups.
One was 244 cases treated with primary antituberculous drugs before pulmonary resection, and the other was 73 cases treated with secondary antituberculous drugs for more than 1 month before operation.
The results were as follows:
1) The occurrence rate of postoperative complications was almost identical in both groups.
2) Postoperative complications, especially “Schub” was observed in high frequency in cases whose tubercle bacilli were positive in sputum just before operation, and/or in cases of whom tubercle bacilli were detected in tuberculous lesions of the resected lung. These phenomena were not related with the combination of antituberculous drugs before operation.
3) In cases whose tubercle bacilli were negative in sputum for more than 2 months before operation, the appearance of postoperative bronchial fistula was not recognized.
4) In sensitive cases to KM, the combined secondary drugs of KM, CS and TH were most reliable to lessened postoperative complications.

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A comparison was made between fifty-five cases of young primipara under the age of twenty and fifty cases of primiparae aged from twenty-one to thirty; the former were obtained from 1961 to 1965, the latter selected at random from among the same cases during the period.
In the case of young primiparae there were more cases of toxemia of pregnancy andd that severe cases, and of weak pain resulting in the treatment of vacuum extraction In addition, there occurred more cases of bad hurts on soft birth canal and of bleeding profusely at the time of delivery.
In respect to the new-born babies, no difference was recognized between the former cases and the latter.

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A case of retroperitoneal liposarcoma has been presented and the clinical and pathological manifestations of the disease discussed. Liposarcoma is known to be a rare entity in Japan and during the last ten years only a few retroperitoneal liposarcomas have been reported.
Recent studies indicate that irradiation provides an effective adjunct to primary surgical excision.

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