Twenty-one infants with the congenital heart disease and eight normal infants as a control were studied on the acid-base balance. Moreover, a number of the older patients with the congenital heart disease over 4 years of age were compared with the infants described above. The following results were obtained.
1) In the normal infants as a control PCO₂ and base excess of arterial blood were slightly decreased, but pH was approximately within normal limit.
2) In the infants with the increased pulmonary blood flow PCO₂ of arterial blood was increased, base excess normal or slightly decreased and pH lowered. The cases who had the values over 55mmHg of PCO₂ were usually combined with the lowered pH below 7.30.
3) In the infants with the decreased pulmonary blood flow PCO₂ and base excess of arterial blood were decreased, and pH was lowered. At the time of the anoxic spell, the value of base excess was highly decreased. However, in infants with the unsatisfactory respiratory compensation pH of arterial blood was remarkably lowered.
4) In the older patients with the congenital heart disease the value of pH was approximately within normal limit in spite of the abnormal values of PCO₂ and base exccess.

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As Betke's stain for detecting changes of HbF in both erythroblasts and erythrocytes, we have adopted the direct method in our investigation on the fetal cell level of new born infants and infants including congenital anomalies. Sixty-two cases of new born infants and infants, 20 cases of patients with blood diseases have been examined. The results of our experiments revealed following changes:
1) Most of congenital anomalies showed the tendency of rapidly decreasing in their fetal cell level, though the level at the birth was their normal limit.
2) The case, revealed representation of fetal cells, were only founded among the patients suffering from congenital-, acquired aplastic anemia and leukemia, treating with corticosteroid.
3) The infants, had more than 10% of fetal cell level 6 months later from birth, were mostly premature infants with low weight.

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For pediatric patients the colostomy is performed as a temporary operationn expecting further radical operation, and it has a different indication and purpose of the operation compared with the adult.
Thirty-one colostomy operations were performed for the imperforate anus and 32 for the Hirschsprung's disease in our clinic.
We usually performed double-stoma type of colostomy on the transverse colon. Colostomies were located at the left transvers colon in the imperforate anus with a few exceptions, and at the right transverse colon in the Hirschsprung's disease considering future radical operations.
Discussions were made on the prophylaxis and treatment of postoperative complications, such as intestinal obstruction, diarrhea, erosion, prolaps of mucosa, evisceration, retraction and stenosis of colostomy.

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Narugo National Hospital was entrusted with the early examination of congenital dislocation of the hip in infancy in thee service area of Iwadeyama Health Office. After the examination, we treated most of the infant that were pronounced necessary to receive medical treatment. Riemenbügel Method using a Pavlik's belt splint accounted at that time for 70 per cent of all positive treatment, and the results with this method constitute the subject of this paper.
Congenital dislocation of the hip was classified as follows: dysplasia if the acetabular index α≥30 and Iino's index, representing lateralisation of the femoral head, α<55, su, bluxation if 57>α≥55, and luxation if α>57, With these criteria, 42 of a total of 138 joints subjected to the above treatment were dislocated, 28 were subluxated and 68 were dysplastic.
The patient's age at which treatment was started was from two months to ten months old; mostly being within the range between three and six months. The procedure of the treatment generally followed the original method of Pavlik, but, in the case of anticipated lateralisation of the femoral head, we tried to apply a fixing canvas-splint.
The results were as follows: The anatomical healing was attained in 85 per cent of the cases. The abnormal change of the femoral head was revealed in 3 per cent, although so-called Perthes-like change of the femoral head was identified in only one of these cases. Lateralisation of the femoral head was suspected in 10 per cent of the cases on gross inspection of X-ray films, but a definite lateralisation with an Iino's index exceeding the maximum normal limit was found in only one joint. Of the dislocated or subluxated cases, 4.3 per cent failed to obtain spontaneous reduction.
We noted from our experience and other authors' reports that Pavlik's belt-splint method showed really a high-rate spontaneous reduction of the dislocated or subluxated hips, and that this method brought about less disturbance of the femoral head than the did other methods, although the results of treatment might depend on the age of the patient and on the grade of dislocation. In addition, we found that the tendency of the femoral head toward lateraiisation, an untoward result of the treatment, could be lessened by use of a fixing canvas-splint.
These results allow us to conclude that nowadays early examination of congenital dislocation of the hip in infancy has spread so far that we may put this method to practical use for early treatment of the congenital hip-dislocation, although various questions such as possibilities of spontaneous healing and interpretation of indication for treatment remain unsettled.

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Which therapeutic position is better for the treatment of the congenital hip dislocation according to muscle power which influence on the torsion of the femoral neck?
We put the small Kirshner wire into the femoral neck after the osteotomy on the femoral neck of a rabbit. And then, the specific muscle power is given the Lorenz-position and another specific muscle spasm is exerted in the Lange-position. We image the hip treated by Plaster Paris when the Kirshner wire is put through the joint space, and can regard as the treatment by movable splint (for example Pavlikband), if the Kirshner wire is not stuck the joint space.
We get the following results:
1) Retrotorsion of the femoral neck is found in the Lorenz-position fixated by Plaster Paris, Slight retrotorsion is seen in the Lorenz-position by the splint.
2) In the Lange-position by Plaster Paris, the antetorsion increase. But, using the movable splint in this position the antetorsion decrease highly.
3) When we find the residual subluxation, we measure the antetorsion as increase, we should apply the Lange-position by movable splint, but if the femoral neck angle is normal, we should fix the hip in the Lange-position by Plaster Paris.

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In 13 out of 21 cases follow-up radiologic examinations were performed at intervals of from 7 months to 3 1/3 years following successful treatment by Ramstedt operation.
Several of these infants demonstrated enlarged, slightly atonic stomach, abnormal prolongation of the pyloric opening time and basilar indentation of the duodenal cap. In spite of these radiologic changes, gastrointestinal complains were not remained in all these cases.

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Since 1964, the authors performed Salter's operation for congenital dislocation, subluxation and dysplasia of the hip.
This paper describes the results of 15 hips in 13 patients who were followed for more than two years after operation.
The ages of these patients ranged from twelve months to forty eight months at the time of operation.
The results in 15 hips were good in 12, fair in two, and poor in one. One patient who had poor result had had high dislocation.

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Case 1: S. K. eight-year-old boy.
Treatment Manage and exercise forr straightening of the limbs.
Case 2: Y. M. new born female baby.
Died of pneumonia eighteen days after birth.
Case 3: S. Y. eighteen-year-old boy.
Treatment: Egger's operation of the knees and elongation of the achilles' tendons.
Case 4: N. A. three-year-old boy.
Died of shock three hours after surgery (Egger's operation of the left knee).
Case 5: N. F. twelve-year-old girl.
Treatment: Egger's operation of the knees and tripple arthrodesis of the Ankles.
Case 6: Y. K. thirteen-year-old boy.
Treatment: elongation of the achilles' tendons and Egger's operation of the knees.
Case 7: D. S. ten-year-old boy.
Treatment: tripple arthrodesis of the Ankles with elongation of the achilles' tendons.
Since 1958, seven cases of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita have been experienced. All of their mothers apparently had normal pregnancies, but three of the babies had difficulty in catching their first breath (syncope). All of them, however, showed some degree of “flexion contracture” of their limbs at birth. Four children showed symptoms of malnutrition when they were at the time of admission: six of them had unusually flaccid skin on their limbs; and all of them currently showed symptoms of “flexion contracture”. Two children showed a loss of mental ability (as expressed in I. Q. scores); two more had recurrent fits of epilepsia; and one had a synostosis of the cervical vertebrae.
The five survivors were given except the case 2 and 4.
The tests of electric reaction of degeneration showed negative results with respect to their degeneration, but there were several evidence of low excitability especially in the extensor muscles.
They were also given E. M. G. tests, four of them exhibited oscillograms characterized by low amplitude and irregularity, one patient exhibited extreme peak variations which seemed to show “synchronization voltage”.
Finally, braces were supplied to these patients who had been operated upon, in order to hold their limbs.

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