Domagk published in 1941 that marfanil is very effective for anaerobic infections. Later many investigators reported that it is also effective for aerobic and mixed infections.
This report is the clinical study of Homosulfamin (Sulfamylon) treatment in 57 cases of acute localised peritonitis, which were caused by intestinal aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
We administered intravenously 5 to 10cc of 10% Homosulfamin solution every 3 to 6 hours. The effects were evaluated in accordance with the changes of fever leucocytosis, the size of tumor and other local signs.
Materials used were 17 cases of appendicular abscess, 36 cases of postoperative intraabdominal abscess and 4 others. The tumors, which were verified in 42 cases, ranging from a hen's egg to a child's head in size. In the other 15 cases we recognized only local resistance.
The youngest patient was 8 years old, and the oldest 63.
The results of the treatment were following: 1) 23 cases were strikingly effective, 13 cases moderately effective, 7 cases a little effective, and 14 cases were ineffective 63% of all cases responded to the treatment. The average amount of the drug for effective cases was 24.8g in the course of 6.3 days. The reduction of fever, leucocytosis, tumor, and the other local signs began in 3 days on the average, and clinical cure was obtained in 7 days after the beginning of the treatment. The appendicular abscess and abscess after the operation of nonperforated appendicitis responded well to this treatment, but abscess in the Douglas pauch, subphrenic abscess and too large abscesses of giant size responded poorly. In 5 cases the abscess had to be incised.
2) The average hospitalisation of 18 cases of appendicular abscess was 10 days. This is much shorter duration than the usual results of conservative treatment without chemotherapy.
3) The untoward reaction was observed only in 2 cases. In these cases a slight nausea was observed.
4). The treatment must be continued 2 or 3 days after the subsidance of fever and return of leucocyt count to the normal level. If the treatment were interrupted during the presence of leucocytosis, even when the patient became afebrile, recrudescence occured frequently. The treatment should be discontinued, when no signs of improvement was noted in 7 days.
5) Several methods have been reported in the treatment of acute localised peritonitis but at present the conservative treatment seems to be the treatment of choice, because the operative procedure is fairly difficult on one hand and the tendency of spontaneous resolution of the peritoneum is great. We believe the Homosulfamin treatment is very effective in the acute localised peritonitis, if it is used with conservative treatment.

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It is urgently requested to find out some appropriate procedures for the control of recent increase in the Sulfonamide-fast bacillary dysentery cases. With this point in mind authors carried out statistical, clinical and bacteriological studies on the bacillary dysentery and its suspicious cases in Chiba National Hospital during the period from Jan. 1, 1950 to Aug. 31, 1951.
The results of the present study yield following conclusion:
(1) The bacillary dysentery cases are increasing in number since 1950.
(2) The efficacy of the sulfonamides against this disease has been lowered remarkably.
(3) Efficiency of sulmix treatment for these cases is 60% which is greater than the efficiency of sulzol or sulfadiazine, which shows 51.8%.
The efficiency of sulmix application is especially high for serious cases.
(4) The efficiency of monafuracin application is 70%, which indicates the best of all sulfonamides. Besides, it is effective for sulfonamide-fast cases. The use of this drug yields good result in moderately severe cases.
(5) Application of monafuracin together with other drugs is more effective for this condition. The accompanying side reaction may be negligible.
(6) The bacilli were found in 22 cases of 49 samples, 18 of which (81.8%) were of Koma-gome B III type and 20 cases of which were sulfonamide-fast, the resistivity against the sulfonamides being greater than 50mg/dl.
(7) The dsiappearance of bacilli in faeces may not always indicate in clinical recovery of patients.

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Influences upon the pigment excretion by Asorbin S test, in experimentally liver-poisoned rabbit by carbon tetrachloride, were studied.
1. In normal rabbit remarkable increase of the pigment excretion of liver was observed by the use of combined amino acids such as Mariamin. By essential amino acid, and (DL-) tryptophan, caused relative increase but other amino acid, such change could not be proved.
2. In slightly liver-damaged rabbit, the increase of the pigment excretion of liver was observed by Mariamin, DL-tryptophan, L-Methionine, DL-Methionine and those increases were more evident than in those of normal rabbit.
3. In heavily liver-damaged rabbit, a decrease of the pigment excretion was seen temporalily, but in few hours, the pigment excretion was accelerated in all cases.
4. In liver poisoning by carbon tetrachloride, L-Methionine has remarkable prophilactic power.

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1) P³²-labeled strept. viridans or strep. hemolyticus were injected intravenously in the normal rats and rats that were sensitized with dead strep. viridans or hemolyticus, rabbit serum sensitized with heart of rat or rabbit serum sensitized with kidney of rat. The rats were sacrificed 1.5, 3 and 6 hours after injection of P³²-labeled bacteria. Then, the distribution of bacteria in organs (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, bone and blood) of rats was compared with radioactivity of bacteria, and colonies of bacteria in mixed culture with goat's blood.
The results showed a tendency that the distribution of strep. viridans is more marked in the lesser circulatory system than in the greater circulatory system, and that of hemolyticus showed more marked in the spleen and the kidney The highest distribution of bacteria was noted inthe liver.
Influence of sensitization on the distribution of bacteria was not very distinct
2) The injected bacteria give off radioactive phosphorus after 6 hours in the rat body. Therefore, the radioactivity of tissue after 6 hours will not be same with the distribution of bacteria.
3) The investigation of the distribution of bacteria with method of mixed culture requires skill and expert technique. Therefore, in the experimental studies on the distribution of bacteria, it is advantageous to employ the method linked with radioisotope-labeled bacteria in order to obtain a quick vesult.

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Experiments were done for the purpose that what kind of chemical antibiotics is most suitable to prevent contamination and infectn in the solution of preserved homogenous bones. Segments of resected human ribs which were covered with dried serum solution, and kept in refrigeration (3-5°C). Various chemical antibiotics were then added at various concentrations (mixed Penicillin, Penicillin G crystal, furacin, homosulfamin, and Penicillin acid).
Influences were carefully examined macroscopically as well as microscopically at regular intervals. Penicillin proved to be the most suitable solution, at its relatively high units. (1000u/cc, 10000u/cc) The bone graft preserved by this method was found to be in the best condition for 6 weeks. It can be used satisfactorly for 12 weeks. After that period while the transplantation may be possible, its vitality will be remarkably decreased. Once the solution was applied to the bone grafts it is best not to change it thereafter.

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Carbonic anhydrase, catalyst accelerating the reversible reaction CO₂ +H₂O↔H₂CO₃, was separated by Meldrum and Roughton. And then many biochemical studies of this enzyme have been reported, but the detail has not yet been clarified. Applying our histochemical method (Kurata's), I have investigated the distribution of this enzyme in several tissues and cells of digestive and respiratory organs.
The results are as follows:
1) In salivary gland, carbonic anhydrase was found rich in acini and especially in intercalated duct.
2) Hitherto this enzyme of gastric gland could be detected only in parietal cells, but in my experiment I have found it in chief cells in moderate degree.
3) In the pancreas it was found rich in acini and some in centro-acinar cells and island of Langerhans.
4) In the liver this enzyme has been found in hepatic and stellate cells.

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We determined the Urease Activity of acid-fast bacilli, mearsuring CO₂ evolution by Warburg's apparatus, which contained 0.5cc of 0.3N acetate buffer pH 5.1, 1cc. of physiological sodium chloride solution of acid-fast bacilli, 0.5cc of 1mol urea solution and 0.4cc of water at the anaerobic condition, which was produced as the cleavage product of urea, the substrate.
Urease Activity was expressed as Q_CO2 under the same condition;
i. e.Q_CO2=CO₂ evolution per one hour (cmm)/dry weight of bacilli (mg)
The experiment results were as follows:
1) All acid-fast bacilli tested, M. tuberculosis hominis, (Aoyama B, Takagaki, H₂ and H₃₇ RV strain) M. tuberculosis bovis, (R₁₄ and Miwa strain) B. C. G., M. avium, (Hosoya. AV and Takeo strain) M. phlei and M. smegmatis, had Urease Activity. The results are shown in Table.
2) M. avium was characterised by the stronger Urease Activity than other types of acid-fast bacilli and showed the maximum activity at the 4th or 5th day in the course of culture.
3) Classifying the type of the tubercle bacillus by comparing the Urease Activity is not practical.

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47 patients whose sputum proved to be negative for tubercle bacilli by culture during the period of three months after thoracoplasty were studied bronchographically.
The shadows of bronchiectasis were observed on the following per centage: 50% of the patients after having apicolysis in the lapse of more than two years, 50% of those who had not apicolysis after the lapse of more than a year, and 65% of the same after the lapse of two years.
The shadows of bronchiectasis in most cases were found in R, apica lis. But if we consider the two cases, one with apicolysis and the other without apicolysis, the former had the shadows in R. apicalis and the latter in R. ventralis secundum.
88% of the patients who still had audible rales after the operation after the lapse of two years had the shadows of bronchiectasis and in 72% of those with the shadows of bronchiectasis there were audible rales.
From the above facts the following conclusion may be drawn: that when the rales of collapsed lung remained in spite of some improvement in general condition during 1 or 2 years after thoracoplasty, and the sputum which was once improving became worse and sometimes muco-purulent or purulent with neither tubercle bacilli nor elastic fibre are to be observable, we might as well consider bronchiectasis.
Bronchiectasis which ensue after thoracoplasty dose not necessarily, expel bacilli. But, it is very difficult clinically differentiate between tuberculosis and nontuberculosi.

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In the previous paper we reported the results of changes that occured in the pigment-intracutaneous reaction when a single application of 50r, 100r, 200r, 300r, 600r and 1, 200r was used on rabbits.
In this present report is the result of the pigment-intracutaneous reaction when X-Ray irradiation was repeatedly applied.
1) After 12-13 irradiations the time required for discoloration is increased markedly: thereafter it shows remitting fluctuation.
2) Prolongation of the time required for discoloration andd the amplitude of remitting fluctuation is most marked in cases of repeated irradiation at a small dosage.
3) These results suggest that certain factors for the cause of allergic phenomena may be hidden behind this sort of biologic reaction.

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1) The urease, asparaginase and aspartase actions of the acetone powder of 2 strains of staphylococcus and one of Escherichia Coli were comparatively studied, before and after they had been rendered marfanil-resistant.
2) The urease, asparaginase and aspartase actions of the original strains were notably inhibited by the adition of marfanil or furacin (5-nitro-2-furfural-semicarbazone) in the final concentration of 4mg/cc or 0.01mg/cc respectively.
3) The enzymic actions of the marfanil-resistant strains appeared unaffected by marfanil in its final concentration of 4mg/cc, while they were considerably inhibited by furacin as in those of the original strains.
4) These findings, in accordance witn those of the protease actions in the author's former report, might probably suggest that such phenomenon……the marfanil insensible tendency of the enzyme actions of the marfanil resistant strains……would be somewhat responsible for “resistance acquisition” of bacteria.
The conclusions of the author's studies, from I. to IV report, are as follows. 1) In the process of acquiring resistance to antibiotics some bacteria showed a tendency that some enzyme actions, such as catalase and protease actions, of the bacteria were lowered in parallelism with reduction of the rate of its growth. As for the amidase action, however, this tendency was not distinct.
2) As the protease and amidase actions of the marfanil-resistant strains were these relatively less inhibited by the adition of marfanil, it will be understood that strains showed a trend to oppose to the marfanil property of inhibiting bacteria enzymes. These strains, however, do not denote such a tendency for furacin compound, which differs entirely in the chemical structure from marfanil.
3) It may be considered that the amidase action of marfanil fast strains upon marfanil might produce ammonia. However, such action upon marfanil was not yet experimentally demonstrated.
4) From the results obtained it would probably be assumed from point of enzymological view that the ability of bacteria to acquire some resistance to antbiotics action, for instance, to marfanil action, which inhibits the enzyme activity of the bacteria, might be one of the most valuable factors of “resistance acquisition” of bacteria for antibiotics.

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