The author started his 30 and some year long research career to fully utilize his electronics hobby in medical sciences, particularly cardiovascular physiology. He has so far proposed a new index of cardiac contractility (Emax), a new measure of cardiac mechanical energy (PVA), and a new integrative analysis method to estimate the amount of calcium ions recruited for contraction. Emax represents the end-systolic maximum elastance of the ventricle and reflects the recruitability of crossbridges to an increasing ventricular filling. PVA represents the maximum capability of generation of mechanical energy in actual contraction and reflects the actually recruited crossbridges. PVA also serves as a reliable determinant of cardiac oxygen consumption. The new calcium estimation method utilizes these Emax, PVA and oxygen consumption. Both Emax and PVA have been referred to in domestic and foreign textbooks on the heart and have changed the basic concept of cardiac performance.

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The first stage in the development of antidepressants has been based on screening molecules of potential interest for antidepressant activity. Studies have been conducted on the mechanisms of action of these drugs, new hypotheses have been established, and based on these theories, new drugs have been developed. The monoamine hypothesis played a central role in all of this research, which targeted the specific molecular structure of transmitters or receptors involved in known cerebral nerve transmission. Since SSRI demonstrate antidepressant actions, serotonin is undoubtedly important, but this does not preclude the involvement of noradrenaline. In fact, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) have been introduced as antidepressants. In 1980s, the focus of research into the mechanisms of action of antidepressants then shifted from the pre-synapse to the post-synaptic receptors and signal transduction. The latest generation of compounds under developement show evidence of an attempted shift away from the traditional monoamine hypothesis.

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From January 1, 1984 to September 30, 1999, 22 neonates were admitted for circulatory collapse. They were divided into two period, 9 neonates were in the early stage, 1984-1991, 13 neonates were in the late stage, 1992-1999, In the newborn infants cardiac abnomalies of left ventricular outflow obstruction such as, hypoplastic left heart syndrome and interruption of the aortic arch were apt to progress shock following closure of the ductus arteriosus in the both period. In response to a severely reduced cardiac output, compensatory mechanics directed at restoring or redistributing blood flow. Consequently, various complication occured such as hepatic failure, renal failure, bleeding tendency, and hypoglycemia Nobody survived in early period. Six cases of 13 neonates survived and had normal development and growth except that one patient had a hearing loss. We shoud make efforts of preventing poor perfusion failure from irriversible organ failure.

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It was stated that when the patients with pulmonary emphysema exercised, its FRC was increased because of expiratory limitation.
We calculated the change in FRC levels during excercise by measuring the tidal inspiratory volume and tidal expiratory volume by breath by breath. The results showed FRC decrease in during exercise. The mechanism of this decrease was considered due to a specific respiratory pattern during exercise. The minute ventilation increased during exercise with the increase of both respiratory frequency and tidal volume. When the tidal volume increased, respiratory frequency decreased, and when respiratory frequency increased, the tidal volume was decreased.
Minute ventilation increased with the repeat of these respiratory pattern, and the FRC level did not increase. It was considered that when tidal volume increased, expiratory frequency was limited so that enough expiratory time was needed and expiratory time prolonged to avoid air trapping due to the decrease of respiratory frequency. When respiratory frequency increased, expiratory volume was limited so that tidal volume decreaead to avoid air trapping.
FRC in the patients with pulmonary emphysema decreased during exercise.

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There was no invasive method to diagnose micro-calcifications and small shadows with spicula that are suspected of being malignant on mammogram. Our hospital set up SenoVision with a stereotactic biopsy unit because it is a comparatively non-invasive method. We report on the experience with and the problems of stereotactic biopsy by SenoVison.
Stereotactic biopsy was done in 22 cases, and breast cancer was diagnosed in 8 cases (36.4%). Two cases, bilateral breast cancer, of them are presented here. This equipment is useful because the time taken for stereotactic biopsy is about 15 minutes, the load to the patient is little, and enough material for the examination is obtained. However, there are not so many people for whom biopsy with this equipment are indicated. Moreover, the examination by digital mammography is not covered by health insurance and the profit can not be made easily. This equipment is very useful to diagnose early breast cancer.
Therefore, the stereotactic biopsy unit should be an equipment to be used jointly by hospitals.

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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), a hereditary disease, shows various symptoms with later onset. At first the majority of patients are unaware of the nature of their disease even though they have been treated for one or more symptoms of ADPKD. Thus, we made a pamphlet explaining ADPKD, and asked various questions about the physical and social features of this disease to 33 of our patients in various stages of ADPKD. We divided them into two groups. Group one had 15 patients and group two had 18 patients The criteria for group one patients was the need for dialysis or having two or more of the following: renal insufficiency (serum Cr 2mg /dl≤), hypertension, abdominal symptom and intracranial bleeding history. All other patients

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A 9-year-old boy with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M, pneumoniae) -related meningoencephalitis is described. Nine days after of a cold, he had a fever, headache and vomitting. Two days later, he was admitted to our hospital with gait disturbance and somnolence. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibody titers to M, pneumoniae were elevated. The interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Intereukin-8 (IL-8) levels of CSF were high, but tumor necrosis factor- a (TNF-α), interleukin-1 a (IL-1α) and intereukin-1β
(IL-1β) levels were not detectable. Serum levels of all cytokines studied were under detection limits. Myelin basic protein (MBP) titer in CSF was high. T2-weighted image of MRI disclosed high signal intensity in crus cerebri, serum anti-galactocerebroside C antibody (anti-GC antibody) were examined 3 times. Those levels were not high but declined day by day. So this case might be a mild type of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

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