The fact that bronchogenic carcinoma can seldom be cured by irradiation has rarely been disputed. There are many factors which account for the failure of radiation to cure bronchogenic carcinoma. The most important of these are the fact that the stage of patients referred to our clinic for the purpose of irradiation therapy are mostly far advanced.
A view was made on 172 cases with carcinoma of the bronchus irradiated more than 5, 000 rads by Telecobalt Sieve Therapy at Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine from April, 195$ through September, 1970. Among them, 43 cases (25%) were classified as stage I and II, 80 (40.5%) were as stage III, 49 (28.5%) were as stage IV according to the criteria of Japan Lung Cancer Scoiety.
The crude survival rate at one year was 45.1%, 2 years was 17.3%, 3 years was 15.6% and 5 years was 10.2%. Median survival months from the first day of irradiation treatment was 26.5 months in stage I and II, 9.6 in stage III, 6.7 in stage TV and 10.9 months in all patients. And on 132 cases diagnosed histologicaily and cytologically, one year crude survival rate was 43.6%, 2 years was 17.6%, 3 years was 14.4 % and 5 years was 9.7%.
Prognosis for the left-sided tumours were worse than the right-sided tumours and the lowest median survival months were found with left lower lobe tumours. The reasons for these were considered as a higher rate of nodal involvement, a larger delay in the X-ray diagnosis and myocardiac injury after irradiation.

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In 1969, the frozen blood center was set up in the Fukuoka-Chuo National Hospital, Since the beginning of the center, 3, 000 units of frozen red cells were transfused for 400 patients until September 30, 1972. And, 140 units of frozen platelets were infused for 15 patients. In this paper a technique of frozen platelets by us was shown.
Blood was collected in acid-citrate-dextrose solution in a plastic bag. Platelets were generally separated from fresh whole blood by differential centrifugation in a standard refrigerated centrifuge. The technique is to spin the blood in swinging buckets at 1, 000rpm (280×G) for 15 minutes. After the centrifugation, the supernatant plasma containing the platelets is expressed into another bag. Centrifugation of the plasma in the bag at 3, 000rpm (2, 510×G) for 10 minutes will drive the platelets into a bottom leaving a platelet-poor-supernate. The platelet-poor-plasma is suitable for freezing to provide a source of labile clotting factors. Platelet-concentrates may be prepared by vigorously rubbing the bag. An equal volume of 28% glycerol solution containing 3% mannitol and 0.65% NaCl is added to give a final concentration of 14% glycerol.
After the glycerolization, the plastic container is packaged into a cardbord box, which is frozen at -80° to -90°C. When needed, the plastic bag is plunged into water +45°C for thawing. Deglycerolization is accomplished by adding 250ml of 13% sodium citrate. After incubation for 10 minutes at room temperature, the citrate is removed by centrifugation of 3, 000 rpm for 10 minutes at 4°C. Frozen platelets are driven into the bottom of the bag as a white layer. The supernatant containing glycerol is decanted, and the same process is repeated once more, and about 30ml of frozen platelet concentrate remains. The frozen platelets driven into the bottom of the bag should be resuspended by adding a 0.9% saline solution. The original plasma is also used for the resuspension.
Figure 1 shows the resuspended frozen-platelet-concentrate observed by phase contrast micros-cope. Figure 2 shows clot retraction of the frozen platelets. Therefore, it is believed that their function is also normally preserved. TEG, bleeding and coagulation time, and PTT of the patient are remarkably improved.
One hundred and forty units of frozen platelets were infused in 15 thrombocytopenia patients. Table 1 shows the total numbers of frozen platelet transfusions. The second case had severely complained of haemoptysis from irradiation and anticancer drug therapy, who was infused with 3 units of frozen platelets. His symptomes drammatically subsided and were cured. Figure 3 shows the changes of platelet-counts of the recipients after frozen platelets infusion. The platelet counts remarkablly increased. Iatrogenic thrombocytopenia is currently increasing, so the frozen platelet infusion is needed to improve the conditions of those patients.

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The present study was designed to examine the biochemical influences of neonatally induced hypothyroidism on myelinogenesis in terms of changes in myelin lipid contents and in normal and hydroxy fatty acid compositions within each sphingolipid.
Methods: Wistar strain rats were used throughout and radiothyroidectomy was performed at birth. Myelin fractions were prepared from both the control and hypothyroid rat brains at the ages of 10, 15, 22, 30, and 60 days. Cerebrosides, sulfatides, and sphingomyelines were isolated by combined silicic acid column and florisil column chromatography, and identified by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy. Fatty acid methyl esters were applied to gaschromatography using 10% DEGS on diasolid L packed glass column. JMS-hydroxy fatty acid esters were subjected to gaschromatography using 4% SE-30 on diatoport S packed glass column.
Results: myelin lipid amounts in the hypothyroid rats were markedly reduced in all age groups; reduction in cerebrosides, sulfatides, and cholesterols, so essential to myelin formation, were especially prominent as compared with the controls.
Abrupt increases in these lipids were seen in the controls between 15 and 22 days of age, while those in the hypothyroid group occured between 22 and 30 days of age. Apparently, the onset of active myelination in the hypothyroid rats was retarded for about one week in comparison with the controls. The change patterns in the fatty acid compositions of the sphingomyelins were similar in both groups. However, the carbon chain elongation process during the course of development was slightly depressed in the test rats as compared with the controls. Regarding the carbon chain elongation of fatty acids in cerebrosides and sulfatides, no significant differences were found between the two groups, the only difference being that the proportion of monoenes and oddnumber fatty acids were markedly decreased in the test rats of Ja to 22 days of age. Regarding the hydroxy acids, there was a general tendency during course in the test rats in contrast with the controls; this was true for cerebrosides and sulfatides,
Conclusion: myelination disturbance in experimental cretinoid rats was accompanied by quantitative deficiency of essential myelin lipids. Regarding glycolipids, it seemed most important that desaturation and chain elongation of hydroxy acids were considerably disturbed.

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Among the malignant tumors except leukemia, the incidence of abdominal tumors is the highest in solid tumors of children.
Neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma are most common malignant abdominal tumors in children.
Angiography was applied for each case of them, and it was proved that this was the useful method both in the diagnosis and in the treatment.
Abdominal angiography does not only enable us to make the pathognomonic diagnosis, but also contributes to the decision of operative indication and to it's practice.
Besides, the finding of angiography is applied for setting-up of optimal treatment for radiotherapy.
In addition to aortography, the selective angiography may offer more accurate information, and at the time of the procedure, injection of anticancer drug through the catheter to the nourishing vessel of the tumor may prevent the tumor cells from metastasizing to the other organs.
And more beneficial antitumor effect might be expected by means of regional high concentration of the drug, and the side effects by the chemotherapeutic agents could be reduced.
Usually we are used to administrate adriamycin or daunomycin in neuroblastoma, and actinomycin-D in Wilms' tumor, because these drugs are rapidly adsorbed and fixed to regional tissue, especially to tumourous tissue.
Generally, in hepatoma chemotherapeutic agents are not so effective, but we administrate vincristine, for we have effective cases treated with vincristine through arterial infusion.

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We reported two cases of so-called “Clover-leaf Skull Syndrome” which recently appeared in articles of German, American, British and Japanese Medical Journals.
The second case was seen in twin babies and seemed to be the first case appeared in twins.
The cause of this syndrome was discussed from hereditary, medicinal and radiational view points. The chromosomal analysis showed quite normal pattern in both cases.
We thought the syndrome is a congenital skeletal disorder showing high degree of skull deformity consisting with craniosynostosis of the basal bones, honeycomb-like skull deformity, partial membranous alteration of the skull, chiefly in parietal bone and abnormal opening of the saggital suture.
The bony deformity is often extended to the long bones and it is various form and considerably symmetrical.

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The urinary infection, mainly cystitis, were treated with thiophenicol 3.0gm a day in relative short term, chiefly 3 days, in which cases those bacilli were non-sensitive to chloramphenicol in vitro, but 94.1% of those cases were effective.
And those were more effective than the cases which were treated with 1.5gm of thiophenicol a day, in which cases the bacilli were non-sensitive or sensitive to chloramphenicol.
This result is owing to the fact that this drug is excreted in urine in high density and thus it is effective on urinary infections.

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The materials for this study were 160 cases, on which the EKG was studied at random at the Okura National Hospital for 1 year and 10 months between November 1968 and August 1970. The methods used were studies, which were divided into two groups of cases, showing the normal or abnormal EKG before the operation, and studies on each period of insufflating cannulation, operation and a wakening, etc.
As the result, the irregular pulse was observed during the cannulation in 10 cases out of the 101 normal cases (9.90%) and 3 cases out of the 59 abnormal cases (5.08%).
During the operation the occurrence of irregular pulse was observed most frequently compared with the cases of cannulation and awakening, namely, 15 cases out of 101 normal cases (14.5%) and 10 of 59 abnormal (19.94%).
The occurrence of irregular pulse during awakening was fewer than the former two: only 1 case in the normal group (0.99%) and 1 in abnormal (1.69%).
Contrary to our expectancy we could not observe remarkable difference between the normal and abnormal group in each period.

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Under general anesthesia Hydroxyethyl Starch (HES) was given to 26 operative cases, and lower molecular dextran (LMD) was given to 9 operative cases as the contrast. Using I. L, meter, blood gas analysis was carried out in order to find the clinical influence upon the acid-base balance following the infusion.
After infusion of HES, pH, Pco₂, Base Excess, and Pot decreased by 0.056±0.073, 1.3±7.2mmHg, 4.0±4.5mEq/L, 8.3±21.2mmHg, respectively.
The HES group has a tendency to become acidosis, but there is no significant difference between HES group and LMD group statistically.

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Following results were obtained in the 80 cases of operation under general anesthesia, Oxazolam having been used as a premedication, in Chiba National Hospital, from June to October 1969.
1) At least more than 90mg (2mg/kg) of Oxazolam was needed for sufficient sleeping effect, 50mg being found not enough.
2) Tranquilizing effect was conspicuous even by 50mg of Oxazolam.
3) No improper influence was seen upon the respiratory and the circulatory systems from that dosage used in our cases, Thus Oxazolam was found to be safe even when used for poor-risk cases and for the aged.
From these results we believe that Oxazolam could be used as a safe premedication.

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A 37-years-old man having eruptions on both genitofemoral and axillar regions for 7 years was applied topically with 1% erythromycin ointment and cured completely about 2 weeks later.
Scales scraped from lesions showing typical red fluorescence were cultured on the medium by Sarkany's method and modified Müller-Hinton medium (Nissan). Both media are so useful in the production of the fluorescence. The causative organism showed almost similar nature as mentioned by Sarkany et al.

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A case of Lesch-Nyhan's syndrome was presented, This male patient was diagnosed as cerebral palsy at his early infancy and admitted to our Severely Retarded Childrens Center at 9 years and 8 months of age, Not only the typical clinical signs of this syndrome, but also the deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase in red cells were recognized. He died, however, at the age of 11 years and 9 months preceded by the unexpected, rapid and extreme elevation of serum uric acid value. The probable direct cause of death is considered to be uric acid nephropathy.

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Four years and four months old boy had no sign nor objective symptom, except markedly positive Mantoux' sign and chest x-ray which disclosed a homogeneous and well outlined solid shadow in the upper poster left mediastinum. Exploratory thoracotomy was done, Pathological diagnosis was a esophageal cyst.
The literatures in Japan are briefly reviewed.

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