We have made some experiments on the direct magnification radiography with low and high tube-voltage using the fine focus tube (focal size, 0.3×0.3mm²), acrylate phantom holding the minute structures made of aluminium and nylon in it, and various kinds of intensifying screens.
1) With low and high voltage the minute structures unseen in ordinary radiography were discerned in magnification radiography. This perceptibility of fine structures in magnification radiography varies with the sharpness of screens, and the greater the sharpness, the higher the perceptibility. The perceptibility was better in threefold magnification radiography than in two fold one.
2) In the magnification technique, it often occured that the images of minute object were discerned on films, even in such condition that its unclear shadow on films should have disappeared viewing from the geometrical point. Therefore, we have proposed a following formula, which will determine the minimal size of discernible object (a'): a'=f+u-f/n-k; where f is focal size, u is unsharpness of screen, n is magnification degree, and k is constant.
In this k is related to the quality of X-ray, properties of photographed object (such as density and the X-ray adsorption coefficient), the contrast of the screen and film, and has no relation with the focal size on magnification degree.
3) Therefore, in order to get the good enlarged X-ray pictures enriched with details, we should not only increase the sharpness of images with employment of the fine focus tube and of the screen with much sharpness, but enhance the contrast of them by means of choosing the proper X-ray quality, screen and film.

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The Middlebrook Dubos reaction was examined on the cases tuberculosis out of the 206 cases in the Setagaya National Hospital, and on the exudative pleurisy patients, out of 21 cases. Results were as follows:
As to the pulmonary tuberculosis cases, the more serious the conditions, and the broader the attacked portion were, the higher the agglutination titer was: the value was also higher in the cases where the tuberculoss bacilli were openly out than where there were none.
In the cases of the exudative pleurisy, it did not necessarily correspond with the symptomatic conditions, except in the cases of accompanying disease where the value was high. Nor was found any co-relation between the value and blood sedimentation rate and the degree of the tuberculin-reaction. However, after one week of the tuberculization, the value showed the tendency of increase.

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In order to observe the effecting mechanism of collapse therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis from the stand point of defense mechanism of organism, the changes of tuberculostatic activity of blood in pre- and post-operation of normal rabbits were observed by the method of slide cell culture, and at the same time, the corelationships between the reaction and several other reactions of organism (functions of leucocytes, antigen productivity and opsonin index) were studied.
1) In the case of artificial pneumothorax of normal rabbits, the tuberculostatic activity increased slightly, but the functions of leucocytes decreased, while the observation of normal and immune agglutinin titers to S. typhosa revealed no changes.
2) In the case of thoracoplasty of normal rabbits, the tuberculostatic activity increased after operation, but the functions of leucocytes and the opsonin index decreased, while the observation of the normal agglutinin titers to S. typhosa revealed no changes, although the ascensions of immune were inhibited remarkably.
3) In cases of artificial pneumothorax and thoracoplasty of normal rabbits, the tuberculostatic activity increased, but the functions of leucocytes, the antigen productivity and the opsonin index decreased, while the corelationships between the former reaction and, the latter three ones were not observed.

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The tuberculosis cases in the Morioka National Sanatorium were examined by means of HgI₂ reaction of urine, and those methods known to test the unbalancing condition of serumcolloid value; Gros' reaction, Cadmium and Cobalt reaction, The results obtained were as follows: (1) It was considered that HgI₂ reaction in urine was valuable to be an index which indicates the suffering condition of tuberculous patients. (2) It was recognized that the responding degree of Gros', Cadmium, and Cobalt reactions were revealed according to the symptomatic condition of the tuberculous patients, that is, lower in the slight cases and higher in the serious ones. (3) The results of those Gros' reaction, Cadmium and Cobalt reaction were varied in parallel with the value of HgI₂ reaction in urine, and both reactions indicated the abnormal protein metabolism.
Thus, there found a correlationship between both of them.

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The mortality rate from tuberculosis has been improved very rapidly, but there was no definite proof of a decrease of tuberculous patients.
We investigated pulmonary tuberculous patients in Kanagawa-Ku, Yokohama City and obtained the following results.
1) The number of tuberculous patients, who were newly reported every year, has decreased scarcely; since 1953.
2) The pulmonary tuberculous patients requiring medical treatment have not decreased since 1955.
Sixty-four 64% of these pulmonary tuberculous patients were treated at home. And the rate has been 74% in minimal, 56% in moderately advanced, and 40% in far advanced cases.
3) We observed the pulmonary tuberculous patients by roentogenological classification and tuberculous condition, and then obtained that 40% of the far advanced cases and 47% of the cases with cavity have been treated at home.
4) Ratio of the death at home was 49% of total number of the death from tuberculosis.
5) The patients who were sources of infection, must be soon admitted in sanatorium in order to eradicate tuberculosis.

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Within the limits of preparable instruments in this sanatorium, the authors had tried to find a simple method of phenyl mercuric acetate as a superior disinfectant utilizing corrosive sublimate for disinfectaon, and here we are reporting procedures of preparation and experimental results. Comparison with a commercially available preparation and legal disinfectants showed that this was sufficiently useful for the effect of sterilization.
Furthermore, we were able with success to strengthen the sterilizing power or most stabile one by means of adding cresol and found that cresol was better resolvent complement and stabilizer (protective colloid) for phenyl mercuric acetate.

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Minimal cases of TB discharged from the Sanatorium were divided into two groups: Group A which had continued tubercle bacilli (TBB)-negative within one year, and group B which became paucibacillary upon antituberculous treatments rafter months of positive smear and culture.
In group A, resistance appeared in few cases, whose X-ray findings were “moderately advanced” or “far advanced”, but TBB became negative in 90.9%. Group B were almost “moderately advanced” or “far advanced”, while group A were chiefly “minimal”. In group B 38.2% of the cases became TBB negative and resistance developed more frequently than in group A. Those who had increreased TBB discharge were seen more frequently in resistant cases than in susceptible cases. On the same amounts of antituberculous agents used, resistant cases were seen more in group D than group A.

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The present paper deals with the results of the histoplasmin test conducted in Miyagi National Sanatorium. Histoplasmin was kindly supplied by P. H. S. of U.S.A..
The test was carried out in 479 hospitalizied tuberculous patients, 198 female and 281 male cases. Positive reactors were 6 patients (1.3%):3 female cases (1.5%) and 3 male cases (1.1%). Although the . positive reactors were retested intradermally with O.T. in dilution of 1:2, 000, all had sensibility.
Sputa of positive reactors were cultured on Sabouraud medium, but they did not develop Histoplasma capsulatum. All of the positive reactors were not histoplasmosls but pulmonary tuberculosis.

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