Head injury is increasing its incidence in the recent years, and is considered as a important clinical entity due to its capability for mortal result. However, the possible cerebral dysfunction caused by the trauma is another most important factor of the head injury.
Because EEG is an useful examination in clinical stand-point, we record EEG at chronic stage after the injury for evaluate cerebral dysfunction.
The author mentioned the adequate time for the examination after the injury, practice of the recording and the standard for evaluation of EEG. The authors study revealed 18% continuous abnormality and 5% paroxysmal abnormality in the banal closed head injury group at chronic stage. And the author mentioned the necessity of prevention and treatment of cerebral dysfunction by the head injury, especial importance of anticonvulsant for the patient who showed paroxysmal abnormality on the EEG.

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The contrast medium was injected to 51 cases of postmortem and studies were made by soft X ray in regard with the correlation of small and finer arteries, stenosis of middle sized artery in cerebral blood vessels, pathological and clinical evidences especially transient cerebral ischemic lesion.
1) Of cases with disturbance of cranial nerve function, stenosis seen on small and finer arteries was striking and in some cases with transient cerebral ischmic attack, the same finding appeared more strikingly, and also, the close correlation with progression of stenosis seen in vertebral as well as in basilar artery was observed.
2) When observed symptoms shown on the angiogram of cerebral arteries by soft X ray, in cases that clinical disturbance of cranial nerve function were apparent, tortuous vessels were seen numerically not only on small and middle sized cerebral arteries, but also on the entire end arteries and in cases, proliferation of blood vessels, displacement of cortical artery and medullar artery were significant.
3) Also, in cases with small blood vessel occlusion, diminishing number of blood vessels seen on the angiogram was marked distal to the occlusion, where a massive softening was recognized. It was noted also that stems of blood vessels were constructed as a substitute for colateral artery, by the occurance of medullar artery occlusion.
4) In cases with clinical neurological lesion, small cerebral blood vessels were rarely seen on the angiogram and progression of capillary blood vessels were not observed.
5) In cases with cerebral thrombosis, the injection media was partially diffused and some cases showed round and spotty leakage of the injection media. From these results, it is supposed that, there must be some change in permeability of blood vessel wall.. So far, it is concluded that the clinical findings of various nervous and neurotic symptoms have a close intercommunication with stenosis of small and middle arterial blood vessels and further, with the displacement of the involved end arteries as well as the abnormal change of blood vessel wall.

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It is well known fact that the urine sugar levels in the patients with head injury tend to be higher with the severity of injury. In the period from April 1, 1966 to August 31, 1967, two hundred and forty-nine patients with head injury were subjected to statistical analysis on urine sugar.
1. The urine sugar was positive in 62.5 percent of the cases whose laboratory study could be started within 5 hours after injury. Most of those cases had type III or type IV injury of Araki's classification. The patients with type III or type IV head injury were 100 percent positive for urine sugar. This positive rate declined to 38.6 percent or less within 3 days after injury.
2. Among the severe head injury cases of type III or type IV, those having urine sugar levels below 250mg% showed a mortality rate of 20.2%, while those above 250mg% exhibited 80% of mortality rate. Many of the latter cases left severe sequelae when they survived.
3. The absence or presence of urine sugar and the state of consciousness were comparatively studied. The urine sugar was almost 100 percent positive in the patients with deep coma, in whom the urine sugar levels were high.
4. Comparative studies of the urine sugar level and other clinical symptoms disclosed brain-stem lesion showed high sugar level, but the urine sugar level showed little correlationship with other neurological manifestations.
5. Albuminuria was present in 27.2% of the patients with head injury. The urine albumin showed less correlationship with the severity of injury and its prognosis than the urine sugar.
6. The incidence of diabetes insipidus was generally low in the cases of head injury. Marked but transient rise of urinary amount, however, often observed in the patients with severe head injury of type III or type IV.

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The cases of the head trauma have been greatly increasing of late years and also the incidence of the head trauma of the infants has been increasing.
Since the infants have many elements differed from the adults, the neurosurgeon will need the sufficient knowledge for the treatment of the head trauma of the infants.
We examined one hundred and fifty one patients for three years from July 1964 to July, 1967.
The obtained results are as follows;
1) The cases of the head trauma of the boys are about twice as many as the girls, and about 80% of all cases falls into the age group from 2 to 4 years.
2) As to the cause of the head trauma, the cases of the traffic accident and the accident by fall from the height are for many than the cases of the other causes and each of the first two cases comprises about over 30% of all cases.
3) For the clinical prognosis of the head trauma of the infants, the consciousness after the injury is more important than the presence of the skull fracture. The longer the duration of unconsciousness lasted after the injury, the higher the incidence of traumatic epilepsy developed.
4) One of the characteristics of the head trauma of the infants is relatively rapid convalescence than the adults and most patients are healed during 3 to 6 months after the injury.
The higher incidence of traumatic epilepsy, however, is another characteristics among the infant compared to the adults.

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Sixty-eight patients with cancer of the Head and Neck treated at our Dept, of Radiology from 1959 to 1961 were reviewed.
Forty-four of the cases were male and 24 were female. The age distribution of the patients ranged from 7 to 76 and a considerable number were at age of 50-60.
In 1959 usualy patients received 5, 000 R in tumor dose by Tele Cobalt Therapy, and in 1960 and 1961 received more than 6, 000 R. But no significant difference was found between the 5, 000 R Group and the higher irradiated Group by follow up study.
About the prognosis of the cancer of the Head and Neck, the character of the cancer itself is more important than the amount of the tumor doses of Co-60.

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Nasal cavity, paranasal cavity, pharynx and larynx are surrounded by many bones, which shadows disturbed X-ray diagnosis of head and neck.
Tomography of nasal and paranasal cavity is useful for the diagnosis of the tumor of nasal and paranasal cavtiy. And, tomography of naso-and mesopharynx is very important for the purpose of the diagnosis of those area. The lateral view of nasopharyngeal tomogram shows the condition of the nasopharyngeal walls and more valuable for the diagnosis of tumor.
Laryngogram shows conditions of the laryngeal walls creariy, and present many findings in respect to laryngeal diseases.
Regarding the X-ray examination of upper air passage, both tomography and laryngography are necessaly.

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In head and neck region, the upper air way is surrounded by bones, Therefore X-ray picture of upper air way is disturbed by bone shadow.
Linacgraphy taken by 6-MeV Linac reduce the contrast between bone and water, and maintain the contrast between air and water. Therefore, Linacgraphy of head and neck region clear away bone shadow, and demonstrate upper air way clearly.
Linacgraphy of head and neck region is necessary for diagnosis and radiation treatment of tumor of upper air way.

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Tissue flap (here called as large section) of coronal cut of the cerebral hemisphere or the both hemisphere from autopsied material is fixed with formalin, embeded in celloidin or paraffin, sliced into 5-20u thin section, and stained by various methods for the central nervous system. The above procedures have been employed as routine works. It is disadvantage to take a considerably long time (about 2 months) from fixing to finishing preparation of the large section. On the other hand, it is advantage to observe lesion as a whole in the large section. In histopathological examination of the brain nervous tissue as a routine, the preparation is usually made from many small section cut from various parts of the brain tissue. In examination of small sections collected from many specimens, however, findings on the every sections have to be reconstructed to assume the whole picture; but the reconstruction might lead one to a wrong assumption. Taking an example of the myelin sheath in histopathological examinations of organic diseases of the ceptral nervous system, macroscopic observation of lesion is often more significant rather than observation of fine structure of the myelin itself. It is considered that the histopathological value in use of large section cover the disadvantage in time consumption for its preparation. For this paper, macroscopic observations were made on the staining condition by ages of the myein sheath, applying the advantage of large section to observe the cut surface of brain. It is said that the formation of the myelin sheath progressed with age development, in human the progress is remarkable in 2-3 months after birth and reaches to the peak in about 5 years old, and then the progress curve makes a constant level. The brain without clinical and macroscopic lesion was used. The coronal cut-surface was made at the level of corpus mammillare. Kluever-Barrera method was employed to simultaneously stain the nerve cell and myelin sheath. Stain of the myelin sheath is already seen from the internal capsule to the cerebral peduncle in 13 hours after birth, its concentration and extent increases with growth, and the stain degree of the one-year-old brain is not differ from the adult one. In examination of the myelin sheath by staining, it is necessary to keep constant the thickness of the cut-surface and section. Even with the brain tissue of the same age (especially of newborn infant), the stain degree is not the same by the difference of tissue parts. It is suggested that presentation of a constant stain degree in any part of the cut surface as well as in the adult will be seen in the 3 to 5-year-old brain containing lipids at the highest level, which is important for the formation of the myelin sheath.

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1) In 800 autopsy cases, 9 aneurysms of the cerebral arteries and a case of arteriovenous aneurysm were found. 8 cases were males and 2 cases females.
2) A case of arterio-venous aneurysm was 5 years old. In 9 aneurysms of the cerebral arteries, a case was in the 2nd decade, 3 cases were in the 3rd decade, 2 cases in the 4th decade, a case in the 5th decade and a case was in the 6th decade.
3) Localization: 3 cases were found at the a. communicans anterior, 3 cases at the a. carotis interna, a case at the a, cerebri media and 2 cases at the a. basilaris. A case of the arterio-venous aneurysm was found at the a. cerebri media. A case of aneurysms at the a. cerebri media, two aneurysms were found in both sides.
4) In histological examination, the walls of the aneurysms were observed thin and fibrous, but in some areas there were localized thickening of the walls. In most cases the lamina elastica interna were not seen, but in some cases the fragments of the lamina elastica interna were found. Sudden disappearance of the lamina elastics interna at the transitional region between the aneurysm and the normal arteries were found in most cases, but in some cases disappeared gradually. In 9 aneurysms, 8 cases were regarded as congenital in origin, a case was as arteriosclerotic in origin.

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A device was made to which a protector with an angle of 19 degrees and a frame with which 3 pictures can be taken serially were attached.
As a result, it was found that not only the amount of exposure to radiation decreased, but injection of contrast medium was much easier.
Moreover, this device could be made inexpensively.

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