絹糸腺腔における液状絹の動態やその力学的様相と絹糸腺の形態とが密接な関係にあると考えられるのに鑑み, 主として斯様な見地から熱蚕における絹糸腺の形態を調べてみた。
(1) 絹糸腺各部位の長さ, 腺径, 腺腔径及び腺壁の厚さを晩秋蚕期支108号につき詳細に測定し, 従来不明瞭であつた点を或程度明かにし得た。
(2) 絹糸腺の前・中部境界から「腺腔くびれ部位」までの長さを春蚕期の6品種につき測定したがこの値 (0.411～0.589mm) は夫等品種における繭層ラウジネスの程度に比例する。
(3) 前・中部境界における絹糸腺腔の末狭まり角度は夏蚕期に於てA₁₂が11.97°, 支16号が12.36°であり, 又中・後部境界附近における絹糸腺腔の最大末拡がり角度を春蚕期の8品種につき測定した値は37.22～52.49°であつて, 後者はそれら品種における繭層ラウジネスの程度とは無関係である。
(4) 絹糸腺の屈曲数は春蚕期の日115号×支108号に於て屈曲角度0～90°のもの (前部に8.9, 中部後区に0.0, 後部に54.5) の方が90～180°のもの (前部に4.2, 中部後区に0.2, 後部に24.0) よりも多く, 之を絹糸腺部位によつてみると0～90°, 90～180°の両者とも後部に最も多くて次が前部, 中部後区の順である。殊に前部での屈曲数は常識的に考えられる数よりも多い。

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Genetical phenomena concerning the interactions of genes +^P and U in the silkworm Bombyx mori were investigated.
It has been found that the activities of tyrosine-melanin formation are different according to the localization of larval skin.
The gene U seems to concern to the supply of substrates, and the gene +^P, to the conversion of the substrates into melanin-pigments.

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Employing various parts of larval skins in the four insta 4th moulting stage of the silkworm Bombyx mori tyrosinase activities in the following combinations were investigated in vitro. (A) U enzyme solution + +^P enzyme solution, (B) U enzyme solution (boiled for 30min.) + +^P enzyme solution, (C) U enzyme solution + +^P enzyme solution (boiled for 30min.), Activities of tyrosine-melanin formation were recognized in (A) and (B) but not in (C). From these biochemical results, the gene +^P is assumed to be concerned to enzymes of tyrosine-melanin formation and U is related to the supply of precursor in melanin formation. Furthermore, +^P has a positive complementary function with U in making the Ursa pattern “Hinode”. The Eh value in (A) and (B) was found to be more oxidative than that in (C) after one ∼ four hours at 29°C.

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The mechanism on the manifestation of the crescent marking of the silkworm has been investigated using various hybrids individuals of several marking mutant strains. It has been ascertained that for the manifestation of the crescent three factors must be considered: (1) the complex differentiation of the invisible anlage which is controlled mainly by the differentiation of the egg cytoplasm transmitted from mother moth to egg and by several gene actions acting on the processes of the formation of the epidermal cells of embryo, (2) the genes controlling the special crescent featured anlages of the epidermis, (3) the genes expressing melanin pigments in the cuticle.
It has been ascertained by the precise observations that there are at least three kinds of genes different in the mechanism of the expressions of the genes controlling the special crescent featured anlages of the epidermis, and the melanin formation in the cuticle of the crescent portion is not only controlled by +^p gene, but also by some other genes.

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家蚕の黄体色蚕の皮膚に存在する xanthopterin Bについて実験を行い, 従来の研究結果にさらに次のような2, 3の新知見を加えることが出来た。
1. xanthopterin Bは1種類の物質であると考えられていたが, これを無機溶媒を展開剤とした paper chromatography の分析の結果2種の分別帯を得, それぞれ xanthopterin B-I及び xanthopterin B-IIとよぶことにした。
2. xanthopterin B-Iは黄体色系には必ず存在するが, 正常系にはない。しかし xanthopterin B-IIは2, 3の正常系 (+^lem) にこれを認めることが出来た。
3. xanthopterin B-Iの存在する個体には必ず xanthpterin B-IIが存在する。
4. xanthopterin Bを光分解すると, その光分解物として folic acid の光分解物と一致する2, 3の物質が得られる。しかもその光分解物の一つは2・amino 4・hydroxy pteridine 6・carboxylic acid である。
5. 微生物による微量定性法により lem 皮膚の抽出液中には folic acid の activity を有する folic acid とは異る物質が存在することがわかつた。この物質が xanthopterin Bであ, るか否かは現在の段階では明確でない。

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It has been recognized that the lipid layers at or near the outer surface of insect cuticle—designated as cuticular lipid in this article—are highly responsible for the restriction of water passage through the integument. Furthermore KOIDSUMI has recently proved that the cuticular lipid of insects possesses a remarkable antibiotic function against various species of bacteria and fungi. However, at present, our knowledge concerning the chemical composition of this remarkable substance is very deficient.
This paper deals with the results of analytical investigations of the ether extractives obtained from the exuviae of the silkworm (Race bivoltine Chinese S₂).
1) The amount of ether soluble matters contained in the unit weight of the cast skins is largest in the first age of the larva. It decreases with the age, but again increases in the final larval stage (Cf. Table 2). Of the races of silkworms investigated, the quantity is largest in “Pa Tsao” (Daizo) which is a tropical polyvoltine race (Cf. Table 3)
2) Glycerides were found to exist in the extractives, but both protein and phosphatides were not detected.
3) The melting-point, acid value, saponification value, neutralization value and iondine value of the extractives were without exception higher in the exuviae from 5th age than those from 4th age (Cf. Table 4).
4) A water-soluble non-volatile acid, succinic acid and a very small amount of unknown volatile substances were isolated from the extractives.
5) By means of a series of procedures shown in Table I the following substances were found to constitute chemically the ether extractives (Cf. Tables 5):
About 14% free fatty acid which may be identified as melissic acid.
Some kind of esters of fatty acids.
Some unsaturated fatty acids.
About 60% unsaponifiable matters composed from higher alcohol which was considered to be higher than myricyl alcohol, and hydrocarbon which was assumed to be either unsaturated or higher than triacontane.
6) It was supposed that the ether extractives here treated, i. e., those from the exuviae, are derived mainly from the epicuticle of the larvae. At least, it is certain that they represent the lipid substances contained in the cuticular layers further outside than the endocuticle.
7) The crude wax obtained from the exuviae of the silkworm showed a close resemblance to bees wax, coccids wax and cocoon wax.
8) It was discussed that, although the ether extractives from the exuviae do not always represent completely those from the cuticle of the living larvae, wax, on the other hand, does not change its original nature after the cuticle is cast off.

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1) 生種, 即時浸酸種及び浸酸した生種の tyrosinase の活性度 (brenzcatechin を基質として加えた場合の酸素消費量) をWARBURGの検圧計を用いて測定し, 卵の発育に伴う活性度の消長を比較した。
2) 緩衝液で抽出した酵素液の場合には, tyrosinase の活性度の消長は生種, 即時浸酸種及び浸酸した生種の3者全く同様であり, 産卵当日から口器に着色し始める前日まで極めて小さい活性度を示し, 口器に着色し始めると僅かではあるが活性度を増し, その後眼点期, 孵化前口の青み卵期と漸次その活性度が大きくなる。
3) 蒸溜水で抽出した酵素液の tyrosinase は, 生種では, 産卵当日から或程度の活性度を示し, 産卵翌日に極大になり, その後毎日活性度を減じ反転翌日に極小になるが, 再び活性度を増して孵化前日の青み卵期に第2の極大値を示す。しかるに即時浸酸種では産卵翌日の浸酸直前に極大値を示すが, 浸酸後急激に活性度を減じたまま小さい値を保ち続け, 反転期前後から活性度を増し始め, その後一時増加を中止する時期があるが孵化前日の青み卵期に第2の極大値を示す。以上の如く生種と即時浸酸種とでは tyrosinase の活性度の消長が全く異つているが, 産卵翌日に即時浸酸種と全く同様の浸酸処理を施した生種のそれは正常な生種の場合とは一致せず, むしろ即時浸酸種の場合に酷似する。
4) 蒸溜水で抽出した酵素液の場合に, tyrosinase の活性度が容易に測定し得る値に達するのは産卵4時間後頃であり, 卵核と精核が合一する以前と思われる産卵30分後は勿論のこと, 合一以後と思われる産卵90分後に於ても測定し得る程度の値を示さなかつた。
5) この実験の範囲内では, 緩衝液抽出酵素液の場合も蒸溜水抽出酵素液の場合もともに, tyrosinase の活性度は生種の値が最も小さく, 浸酸した生種がこれにつぎ, 即時浸酸種の値が最も大きかつた。

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1. This article treated on measuring of the most suitable hibernant temperature of the eggs in Antheraea yamamai with two kinds of methods.
2. One was put the eggs into serval temperature divisions (e.g; 10°, 5°, 0°, -5°, -10°C, a instrument screen, and a cellar) for a definite time and others kept them at some districts of various temperature during winter season, and the hatching of those eggs were investigated in detail.
3. It was suggested that, if there weren't put the eggs under 0°C or those lower temperatures, the hatching would be not so good.
4. Comparatively speaking, keeping the eggs at the case of the higher temperature (e, g; 10°C) and the lower temperature (e, g; -10°C) for long time, much of them were dead and yet the hatching ratio were less.
Especially, the hatching was not satisfactory in the higher temperature.
5. When the eggs were kept at the two warmer districts, Kagoshima and Ehime Prefectures during winter, also the hatching was not so regular, and not so suitable for the eggs.

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1) 桑葉下面表皮細胞に存在する巨細胞及び房状体を約40品種について調査した。
2) 巨細胞及び房状体は桑葉下面表皮細胞にも存在する。
3) 巨細胞及房状体の分布密度は表皮細胞の上下面の間に差があり上面表皮に多く存在する。
4) 下面表皮に存在する巨細胞及び房状体の分布密度も品種間に差がある。
5) 巨細胞及び房状体の大きさは上面表皮のものが下面のものより一般に大きい。
6) 巨細胞及び房状体の大きさは品種間に差異が認められるが種間の差異は認められない。
7) 巨細胞及び房状体の大きさと倍数性との関係は一般に比例的関係があるとは言われない。

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In this paper the spore-germination of Aecidium Mori (BARCL.) SYD. et BUTLER was described. (1). Temperature affects the germination of aecidiospores, germinating best at 15°C. out of 5°, 10°, 15° and 25°C. (2). Aecidiospores germinate better in the light than in the dark. (3). Germination of aecidiospores is almost finished by the incubation period for from 48 to 72 hours, and the germ-tubes, accompanying plasmolysis, shrink gradually and then die away. (4). Longibity of aecidiospores is longer at lower temperature than at higher, but, even in such condition, they cannot survive so long period.

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絹糸腺のフオスフアターゼ: 細胞化学的にみた繊維状蛋白の分泌
家蚕血液のフエノールオキシダーゼ. I. 阻害物質の影響
家蚕の皮膚に関する研究. VI. 幼虫の傷をうけた眞皮の観察
水溶液中における蛋白質分解酵素のフィブロインに対する作用と絹の分子構造におけるその様相

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