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Volume 40, Issue 10
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages Cover4-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages Cover5-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (482K) -
Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages App2-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages App3-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Shoichi Sakamoto, Nobukazu TomichiArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1255-1264
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInflammatory cell reactions in bronchial asthma have been considered to contribute directly to asthmatic attacks. Therefore, attention has been focused on the role of inflammatory cells in the airway wall. In this study, we investigated inflammatory cells in the airway wall of bronchial asthma histologically and immunohistologically using 20 autopsy cases who died of the asthma attacks (Group A) and 11 autopsy cases who died of other causes (Group B). Six autopsy cases were treated as controls (Group C). A significantly larger number of eosinophils in the bronchi and bronchioles were found in Group A. The majority of eosinophils were found to be stained with EG2. Parts of the bronchial epithelium with marked infiltration of EG2 positive eosinophils were detached from the basal layer. Immunoelectron microscopically, the matrix of EG2 positive areas within the eosinophils corresponded to that of eosinophil granules. A significantly larger number of lymphocytes in the bronchi and bronchioles was observed in Groups A and B. Almost all of these lymphocytes were determined to be activated T lymphocytes. There were significantly more IgE positive cells in cases with bronchial asthma, especially in Group A. The majority of IgE positive cells were determined to be mast cells. These results suggest that eosinophils, lymphocytes and mast cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (1454K) -
Yuji Oohashi, Shinji Motojima, Atsushi Kushima, Kinji Tateishi, Takesh ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1265-1271
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the activation of eosinophils in the airways of patients with acute asthma attacks by measuring the concentration of sputum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and changes in the electron densities of the eosinophil specific granules in sputum. In six hospitalized patients with asthmatic attacks, sputum samples were collected for seven consecutive days after admission and were used for the evaluation of eosinophil activation. The concentration of sputum ECP, the incidence of changes in the electron densities of eosinophil specific granules and the severity of asthma attacks were highest on the day of admission and decreased in association with each other after treatment. A significant correlation was found between the concentration of sputum ECP and the incidence of changes in the electron densities of eosinophil specific granules. These findings suggest that the eosinophils in the airways are markedly activated and degranulated in asthma attacks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1294K) -
Hideki Onodera, Masayuki Okamoto, Shuhei Takemura, Takashi Doi, Yoshih ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1272-1281
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we investigated the pharmacological reactions induced by ibudilast to the complement system with the aim of clarifying the functional relation of the complement system to allergic reactions and pathology in patients with bronchial asthma. Complement hemolytic activities (CH50 and ACH50), complement profile, anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a) and complement fragments (Bb, iC3b and C4d) were measured in 20 patients with bronchial asthma. One of antiasthmatic activities induced by ibudilast was concluded to be brought about though inactivation of the alternative complement pathway working on type III allergic reaction. Ibudilast increased the complement fragment Bb in the patients' plasma with the fairly controled bronchial asthma. This increase in circulating Bb was suspected to be a result of inactivation of intermediate complement complexes, for example C3b・ Bb・P, because the amounts in plasma of C3 and C5 showed no changes, while those of factor, B, P, H and I were decreased by ibudilast administration in patients with fairly controled bronchial asthma. This antiasthmatic ability of ibudilast was restrained in those patients whose peripheral leukocytopenia was advanced before ibudilast administration, and in those whom ibudilast did not provoke an increase in the plasma level of iC3b, or did not prevent the serum level of C5 from increasing. In those unfairly controled cases, enough anaphylatoxins, especially C5a might be produced to make the margination of peripheral neutrophils to the lung and increase CR3 on neutrophils binding with iC3b.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Hirotaka Yasuba, Norio Satake, Toshiya Kino, Takateru Izumi, Hideto Ka ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1282-1288
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA basic study on the blood eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) as an index for eosinophil activation in bronchial asthma was performed. 1) ECP concentration in the serum collected 2 hours after blood sampling and the peripheral eosinophil count were significantly higher in asthmatic patients than in normal individuals. A correlation between these two parameters was observed in normal controls but not in asthmatic patients. These findings suggest that the degree of eosinophil activation, which is reflected by the blood ECP concentration, varies with the clinical condition in asthmatic patients. 2) The plasma and serum ECP levels were compared. The serum ECP was higher than the plasma ECP in both normal controls and asthmatic patients. In asthmatic patients, however, plasma ECP levels poorly correlated with serum levels: the serum levels were markedly elevated in some cases, and only the plasma levels were significantly elevated during symptomatic periods compared with stable periods. Therefore, attention must be paid not only to the serum ECP concentration, but also to the plasma ECP concentration and the plasma-serum difference. 3) This plasma-serum difference in ECP concentration may be due to the in vitro release of ECP during coagulation after blood sampling rather than the effect of α_1-macroglobulin concentration, because supernatants from stimulated platelets elicited ECP release from eosinophils.View full abstractDownload PDF (686K) -
Michikazu Terada, Shin-ichi Ishioka, Souichirou Hozawa, Yoshiaki Yasum ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1289-1296
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationships of the development of intractability in bronchial asthma with 11 factors, namely 1) sex, 2) age of onset, 3) duration of the disease, 4) severity of the disease, 5) disease type, 6) family history within the third degree of consanguinity, 7) history of smoking, 8) history of atopic dermatitis, 9) history of allergic rhinitis, 10) history of chronic sinusitis and 11) history of nasal polyp were studied by multiple factor analysis in 95 patients. The severity of the disease was shown to be the most important factor in whether the disease becomes intractable or not, followed by the age of onset. The history of atopic dermatitis had the least influence, and the influences of the other factors were not markedly different from one another. Evaluation of each factor according to the category score suggested that severe or moderate non-atopic bronchial asthma in males with a positive family history and positive histories of smoking, chronic sinusitis, nasal polyp and atopic dermatitis within a short period after the onset in the second decade or fifth decade or later tend to become intractable.View full abstractDownload PDF (786K) -
Masahiro Irie, Hiromi Kihara, Haruko Kawamura, Chiharu Kubo, Hiroshi S ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1297-1309
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the use of metered-dose β agonist inhalers (MDIs) by means of 17-item questionnaires from the standpoint of psychosomatic medicine in 56 subjects with bronchial asthma. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Many asthmatics with neurotic characters used MDIs frequently; Thirteen percent of them suffered adverse effects. The number of times the inhalers were used increased in proportion to the severity and the duration of illness. Fifteen percent of the subjects used MDIs frequently because of anxiety. 2) Fifty percent of the subjects, most of them had neurotic or alexithymic characters, used MDIs without suffering from dyspnea or wheezes; the subjects who used MDIs because of anxiety increased in proportion to the duration of illness. 3) Seventy eight percent of the subjects were anxious about asthmatic attack when they did not carry any MDI; sixty two percent of the subjects, most of them had neurotic or alexithymic characters, actually experienced asthmatic attack. 4) Seventy three percent of the subjects used MDIs secretly; sixty percent of the subjects did not like to inhale in the presence of others. 5) There were some subjects who acted incorrectly on or after asthmatic attack when MDIs were not effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (1252K) -
Akiyoshi Sasamoto, Seiichi Saito, Hiroyuki Uchiyama, Masaru Kishida, H ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1310-1319
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAssessments have been made of serum IgE and IgA value, specific IgE and IgG_4 antibody titers to foods, house dust, mite and percent periferal eosinophil count in 191 infants with and without eczema between 5-7 months of age. Eczema patients were divided into 4 groups according to the degree of eczema involvement and laboratory data were compared between these and not eczematous group. The results were as follows; 1) IgE antibody titers were higher as the degree of eczema involvement increased. 2) RAST positive rates to foods increased with the degree of eczema involvement. Positive rate was highest to egg white followed by milk, soybean, wheat and rice. 3) Only 9 cases were RAST-positive to rice or wheat and all of them had IgE antibodies to other allergens tested. 4) A value of 10 IU/ml, which is the lowest measurable value of IgE in infants was considered to be a little too high to speculate allergy to some foods. 5) Specific IgG_4 antibodies were positive only to milk. 6) All the 18 cases with positive milk-specific IgG_4 antibody were all negative in milk-specific IgE antibody, and conversely all the 14 cases with positive milk-specific IgE antibody were negative in milk-specific IgG_4 antibody. From these results, it was concluded that food allergy is related to the degree of eczema involvement in infants between 5-7 months of age.View full abstractDownload PDF (962K) -
Tatsuo Sakamoto, Komei Ito, Masanori Yamada, Shimpei Torii, Yoshio Mat ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1320-1326
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently Aspergillus restrictus, a species of osmophilic fungi, has been found to be widely distributed in our inhabited environment. The authors reported previously that the prevalence of hypersensitivity to this fungal species determined by skin prick test and radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was comparable with that to Aspergillus fumigatus. In this study, the allergenic relationships between the two fungi were examined by RAST and RAST inhibition tests in which A. restrictus extracts prepared from mycelial mats of two different strains cultured in M40Y liquid medium and A. fumigatus, one made from a mycelial mat cultured in YNB liquid medium containing 3% sucrose, were used. In the RAST inhibition tests using a serum pool obtained from five patients with highly positive RAST to these species, the two extracts of A. restrictus inhibited RAST to A. fumigatus by over 80%, and A. fumigatus extract inhibited RAST to the two strains of A. restrictus by approximately 75%. In A. fumigatus RAST inhibition tests using individual sera with positive A. fumigatus RAST, a strong inhibition (>60%) elicited by each extract of A. restrictus was observed in 5 of 8 sera tested. In RAST, nine of 11 serum samples with positive RAST to A. fumigatus showed positive RAST to both strains of A. restrictus. There was a significant correlation between the RAST values of the two fungal species. These results give evidence of the presence of shared allergenic components between the two fungi, and indicate that these components may contain part of major allergens of A. fumigatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Katsuya FujimoriArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1327-1333
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe author studied the characteristics of ACE inhibitor-induced cough in 41 non-smoking hypertensive patients. For at least 6 months, 20 patients (10 males and 10 females) were treated with enalapril, and 21 (11 males and 10 females) with aracepril. The results were as follows. 1) ACE inhibitor-induced cough was induced in 7 cases (1 male and 6 females). The incident rate of cough was 17.1%. ACE inhibitor-induced cough was not significantly related to past allergic history or to the beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. The laboratory findings of the cough sufferers-such as eosinophil percent in venous blood, serum GOT and GPT, urea nitrogen, creatinine, renal function (PSP excretion test and creatinine clearance), and pulmonary function (%FVC, FEV_<1.0>% and %V_<25>)- were not significantly different from those of the non-coughers. 2) Inhibitory effects of ipratropium bromide inhalation of ACE inhibitor-induced cough were noted in 83.3% of the patients, but their coughs did not completely disappear. From these findings, the pathogenesis of this cough may be related to be as follows. The cough seems to be related to the release of acetylcholine from vagal nerve terminals or to the stimulation of irritant receptors and vagal reflex. 3) Chronic persistant cough or bronchial asthma did not occur after stopping the treatment with ACE inhibitors. The mean follow-up period was 15.6 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (725K) -
Takanobu Shioya, Manabu Kagaya, Akihiko Onodera, Shin-inchi Miura, Kaz ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1334-1338
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify the bronchodilating effect of pirenzepine (PZ) and to verity its mechanism. Ten asthmatic patients (6 men, 4 women: aged 20 to 65, 5 atopic 5 non-atopic) and ten non-asthmatic volunteers (8 men, 2 women: aged 25 to 60) were studied. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were measured after intravenous administration of 20mg PZ. PZ increased FVC, FEV1.0 and PEFR significantly by 15%, 29% and 37% respectively in asthmatic patients (p<0.01). We also studied the effects of PZ on the contractile responses of tracheal smooth muscle to intra-arterially administered acetylcholine (ACh) and the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves (VNS) using isometric technique in situ in 5 mongrel dogs. PZ significantly inhibited the contractile responses elicited with ACh at doses larger than 1000 μg/kg (p<0.01). PZ also significantly inhibited the contractile responses elicited by VNS at doses larger than 100 μg/kg (p<0.01). These data demonstrate that intravenously administered PZ dilates the airway in asthmatic patients and also suggest that the bronchodilating effect of PZ related to inhibition of the M_1 and M_3 muscarinic receptors.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1339-1347
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1348-1350
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1351-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1352-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages 1353-1355
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 10 Pages Cover6-
Published: October 30, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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