近代におけるわが国の山村の林野所有と林野利用の変容過程を明らかにし,その相互の関係について考察した。事例として,村落単位のミクロな社会と空間である,奈良県宇陀郡曾爾村の二つの山村,葛と太良路を取り上げた.
経済的基盤をもつ上層林家は,薪炭・採草利用から用材林育成への転換が早い.そこで,所有する造林地の規模は,それぞれの林野の所有規模を反映していた.また,林野の所有構造の階層分化は,太良路よりも葛で大きい。それを補完するため,葛では入会林野での権利が共有された.それに対し,太良路では明治末より私的な造林を目的とする入会林野での地上権の設定が進んだ.こうして二つの村落において,造林地拡大の時期にずれが生じた。また入会林野の利用形態が,入会林野近代化法による解体時に新たな所有関係を成立させた.林野をめぐる社会と空間は,相互に規定しつつ,新たな関係を形成したのである.

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本稿は,買物行動モデルに依拠した,小売業の需要-供給の均衡状態をもたらすバランスメカニズムを理論的根拠として,東京都区部における小売業の均衡的立地パターンを導き,それを基準として現在の小売業立地パターンを評価した.さらに,小売業の均衡的立地パターンを動態的に分析した.
その結果, (1) 東京都区部における吸収均衡売場面積および吸収均衡差(吸収均衡売場面積と実際の売場面積の差)は地域的差異を示すこと, (2) 吸収均衡差の地域的差異は耐久消費財の年間販売額比率,大型店の支持人口,小売業の吸収人口および来区の平均時間距離の各社会・経済的特性要素と密接な関係があること, (3) 東京都区部では経済規模パラメータの減少に伴い,小売業の均衡的立地パターンは凝集型から均一型へと変化していくこと,他方,距離減衰パラメータの減少,および時間距離の減少によって,小売業の均衡的立地パターンは均一型から凝集型へと変化していくこと,などが明らかになった。

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We investigated the distribution of Osaka public housing, with regard to location and number of rooms. The results are as follows.
1. During the postwar reconstruction, Osaka city built about 800 low-level public housing units in the war-damaged area of Uemachi Plateau, situated to the south of Osaka city.
At the start of economic growth, Osaka city built.about 10, 000 more mid-level housing units, which were scattered throughout the city. The main locations were on the Osaka Gulf bank, the Yodo River bank, Uemachi Plateau, and Abeno Plateau. These areas were war-damaged sites, munitions factory sites and former parade grounds.
During the latter half of the rapid economic development period, Osaka city built about 14, 000 high-density high-rise units. These unit extend like a belt along the Osaka Gulf bank, the Yodo River bank, and the redeveloped areas on the Higashi Osaka Plain. They are also being located in former munitions factories and former parade grounds within Osaka city.
During the period of more stable economic growth, Osaka city built about 5, 000 condominium and high-class housing units on former redevelopment areas, former munitions factory sites, former warehouse sites, farmland to the north and west of the town area, the Osaka Gulf bank and the Yodo River bank.
2. Three-quarters (76%) of Osaka's public housing units are two-, three-, or four-room apartments. Situated in industrial areas, on reclaimed land, and in mixed-zoned residential/industrial areas, Konohana ward, Taisho ward and Suminoe ward contain many two-room housing units. Jyoto ward, a former military parade ground, contains many three-room apartments, but these larger units can also be found in other areas.
Miyakojima ward, on the left side of the Yodo River, and Oyodo ward are areas of mixed zoning, i. e., for residential, industrial and public land use.
Therefore the factors involved in the distribution of the number of rooms per unit are probably land price, the convenience of services and amenities, and the affordable standard of living.
3. The amount of public housing in Osaka has increased, and at the same time room construction has increased and incidental institutions have proliferated. However, the social environment surrounding the area of public housing has not developed into a desirable living environment. Poor siting locations have been a factor for example, soft and damp soil conditions instead of hard and dry. In the future good environments should be chosen for the construction of public housing units, so that they become valuable city assets, and desirable areas of social investment.

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