日本における地場産業の代表の一つとされる足利織物業について,生産から流通にわたる広範な社会的分業のしくみを織物業の生産構造ととらえ,各生産工程など構成要素について調査し,生産構造の地域的展開の研究を行なった.足利織物業が地場産業として完成するのは,明治30年代以降のいわゆる2期の時代であり,国内向け部門においてであった.各工程等は,それぞれの立地条件から次第に地域内に分散立地した.2期のピークである昭和初年では,織物業の生産構造の地域的展開は,足利の中心街を中心地区とする圏構造を示した.中心地区では,核に流通と原材料供給の機能が,核の周辺には製造統轄機能が分布する.周辺地区は分業の基幹をなす製造機能の地区である.そのなかに,自然あるいは伝統・技術にもとづく分業の補助的機能の地区が介在する.このような圏構造は,地場産業のうちの農村工業における生産構造の地域的展開の特徴と考えられる.

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本研究は,子どもの知覚環境の発達とそのメカニズムを明らかにするために,熊本県阿蘇カルデラ内に居住する小学校2・3・5年生,および中学校1年生,計1,432名を被験者としてなされたものである.
調査方法としては,身近な地域を描いた手描き地図から読み取る方法と,周辺の地物を撮影したスライド画像に対する反応を分析する方法を用いた.前者により描かれた空間は,発達段階に従って外延的拡大を示すが,著しく動線に影響されることが明らかとなった.また,子どもにとって「意味のある空間」として, (1) 近道,抜け道 (2)「秘密基地」,「隠れ家」(3) こわい場所,「幽霊屋敷」を検出した.後者により,可視領域に位置する目立つ地物は,知覚環境を構成する重要な目印として作用していることが推察された.
このような子どもの知覚環境の発達に関する基礎的な研究は,子どもの発達を内発力とする新しい地理教育のカリキュラム開発に寄与しうるものと考えられる.

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Yanagimachi (1983) clarified that the older and younger glacial landforms in the northern part of the Kiso Mountain Range were formed during the Nakagoshodani Stadial I (ca. 80, 000_??_45, 000 years B. P.) and Nakagoshodani Stadial III (ca. 30, 000_??_10, 000 years B. P.), respectively. Nakagoshodani Stadial I is characterized by the largest extension of glaciers. The purpose of present paper is to reconstruct the vertical distribution of morphogenetic and vegetation zones at each maximal phase of glaciation (i.e. 50, 000 years B. P. and 20, 000 years B.P.) in this region, by considering mainly equilibrium-line (orographic snowline) as well as forest-line.
Equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) and forest-line altitude (FLA) in the vicinity of Mt. Kisokomagatake (2, 956 m a. s. l.) are 4, 000 m a. s. 1. and 2, 600 m a. s. 1. respectively. The ELA and FLA of 50, 000 years B. P. were lowered about 1, 600 m and 400 m below the present levels, respectively. On the other hand, the lowering of them at 20, 000 years B. P. were about 1, 400 m and 900 m, respectively. The climatic upper limit of Pinus pumila zone at that time was lowered about 1, 000 m below the present level (3, 200 m a.s. 1.).
The vertical changes of morphogenetic and vegetation zones for above-mentioned phases were quite different from each other, as described below:
1. 50, 000 years B. P. (Nakagoshodani Stadial I)
The area above the ELA was occupied by nival zone ranging from 500 m to 600 m in height. On the other hand, neither periglacial zone (subnival zone) nor alpine zone were developed above the FLA. Because azonal ice and snow existed even in the area between the ELA and the FLA, both Pinus pumila scrub and periglacial debris fields were sporadically distributed in this area. Valley glaciers were dominant and some of then extended into forest zone (subalpine zone). Besides, ice field was developed southeast of Mt. Kisokomagatake.
2. 20, 000 years B. P. (Nakagoshodani Stadial III)
This phase was characterized by both (1) the development of periglacial debris fields and Pinus pumila scrub, and (2) the dominance of cirque and niche type of glaciers. Three zones, i.e., nival, periglacial and alpine zones in descending order, occupied the area above the FLA. Altitudinal ranges of these three zones were estimated to be 400 m, 300 m to 400 m and 500 m to 700 m, respectively, and these zones showed an ideal vertical arrangement. No ice field existed and valley glaciers were much more limited in extension than those of 50, 000 years B. P.. Some of valley glaciers extended only into Pinus, pumila zone (alpine zone)
These facts allow the author to deduce the climatic conditions of each phase as follows: the climate of 50, 000 years B. P. was cold and wetter, while that of 20, 000 years B. P. was cold and drier.

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A vertical mixing process in a fresh water lake is investigated from the secular variation of tritium concentration in Lake Ikeda. The lake is covering an area of 10.96km² at an altitude of 66 m whose catchment area is 11. 29km² and maximum depth is 233m (Fig. 1).
A reconnaissance survey was carried out three times, on Oct. 21, 1973, Nov. 5, 1974 and Nov. 30, 1979. Water samples for tritium analysis were collected at every 20m vertically in the center of the lake. Temperature, pH, RpH and electrical conductivity of the water were determined on the spot. On Nov. 25_??_30, 1979 and Nov. 2_??_8, 1980, stream flow measurements and groundwater survey were carried out.
The annual water balance of the lake was calculated for the period from 1977 to 1980 (Fig. 2). The mean precipitation to the lake was 2, 295.0mm •yr^-1, that is 0.80m³ •sec^-1, and the mean evaporation was 1, 018.7mm•yr^-1, 0.35m³•sec^-l. The evapotranspiration from the catchment area was 712.4mm•yr^-1, 0.26m³•sec^-1 and the artificial intake was 0.21m³sec^-1. The discharge from the lake depends upon groundwater outflow which is about 59% of the total outflow and the seepage is found at Kyoden Spring and the drainage area of Minato River.
Secular variation of tritium concentration in lake water is shown in Fig. 7. In 1973 and 1974, the hypolimnion water was in high concentration, but in 1979 the water in uniform. From these facts it seems that the lake water does not mix in every winter but does only in a cold winter which occurs once in several years.

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