ME(マイクロエレクトロニクス)技術革新が中小企業にもたらした影響として,再集中化が進行したとする説と大都市工業の地位が低下したとする説とが提起されている.こうした見解の矛盾を止揚すべく,本研究は,技術革新下における大都市機械工業の変容の実態を京浜地域のプラスチック金型製造業を事例にして解明したものである.その結果,技術革新が経営体の階層分化とそれに応じた立地対応を惹起し,そのもとで連関構造も再編されるという一貫した機構が明ちかになった. ME化の受容の形態には資金力や熟練技'能の蓄積状況に応じて違いがある.資金力の大きな業者(資本集約型)はその内部経済性を高め立地分散が顕著であるのに対し,熟練技術者に恵まれた業者(技能集約型)は既存集積地域に留まりそこでの外部経済を活用した経営を継続した.一方,この二つの経営基盤がともに弱い中間的階層の業者群(中間型)は,ある程度のME機器と外部経済を活用し,既存集積地の外延部において日本工業の多品種小量生産化に対応した生産を行うようになった.かくして集積地は外延的に拡大し,その中での階層的な連関秩序・集積構造のもと,既存集積地と外延部で異なった技術体系・地域的連関構造が生じている.本研究から指摘できることは, ME技術革新がマーシャル流の「産業地域」への再集中をもたらしたわけではなく,むしろ,集積を基調としつつも階層的・重層的な連関秩序を内包したより広域化した中小企業ネットワークを作り出したということである.

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Administrative mergers of cities have increased since the 1960s, aiming at area development with the progress of industrialization and urbanization in Japan. As a result of these mergers, many new cities have more than two centrall built-up areas. This has given rise to several topics of debate, including: distribution of government investment; formation of appropriate urban structures ; etc. It is there-fore necessary to study the changing urban structure of merged cities.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the spatial change in the urban structure of Joetsu city after a merger. The study area was incorporated by the merger of the two cities of the same scale, Takada and Naoetsu, in 1971. It had two separate built-up areas when the two cities merged. The transportation network has been rearranged and the built-up areas have expanded in the past 25 years. The ur-ban structure of Joetsu city has changed accordingly.
The paper focuses on three aspects: first, the relation between the process of the merger and the city planning of the new city; second, the functions of city planning and the location of main public facilities; and third, the formation of new built-up areas between two previously existing built-up areas.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) Takada and Naoetsu, each of which had a central built-up area, merged on equal terms. This merger affected the urban planning of Joetsu city. To establish a new city, the local government had to redevelop the two existing built-up areas at the same time or build a new administrative center between the built-up areas of Takada and Naoetsu. Joetsu city adopted the latter plan.
(2) The local government used city planning which aimed at urbanization between the built-up areas of Takada and Naoetsu (Figs. 2, 3, 4, and 5), because the two cities merged on equal terms. In the early 1970s, new administrative and cultural facilities were constructed intensively in the Kida area around Kasugayama Station. Since the 1980s many public facilities have been constructed in the Sekikawa-East area, and large-scale retail stores have also located there.
(3) Joetsu city now has new administrative and cultural centers in the Kida and Sekikawa-East areas, as well as the previously existing Takada and Naoetsu central built-up areas. The urban structure of Joetsu city has become more dispersed due to the equal merger of two cities.

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