都市内部に急増する中高層集合住宅は,都市内部に大量の居住空間を創出し,それに伴い居住地の移動が発生する.本稿は広島市内の中高層集合住宅居住者の住居移動について,その空間的パターンと移動の誘因,新居の選択理由を分析した.その結果,中高層集合住宅居住者の住居移動には,移動距離と移動方向に偏倚が存在することが明らかとなった.とくに都心からの距離が増加すると方向偏倚が強くなり,市街地縁辺地域では居住セクター内の移動が卓越する.一方,都心周辺地域では隣接セクターからの移動が多く,方向偏倚が弱い.また,属性別に求めた平均移動距離は属性間では差がみられたが,t検定では職業別にみた場合を除いて有意差は無かった.前住居からの移動理由と新居の選択理由を属性別にみると,最大理由は,前者では居住空間の拡大,後者では交通条件などの利便性であった.

抄録全体を表示

北上山地山稜部にみられる荒廃裸地において,凍結・融解による斜面物質の移動に関する調査と野外実験を実施した.その結果,秋～冬季にかけての凍結進行期には霜柱クリープとフロストクリープが卓越し,春季の融解進行期にはジェリフラクションが優勢となることがわかった.凍結進行期における全測線の平均物質移動距離は15.7cm,一方融解進行期のそれは5.1cmで,前者は後者の約3倍大きい.さらに,気温・地温の推移と物質移動プロセスの様式変化との特徴から,凍結進行期は日周期的な霜柱クリープの卓越する前期と,霜柱状氷層の形成にともなって生じるフロストクリープの卓越する後期とに細分される.前期における斜面物質の平均移動距離は11cm,後期では3.5cmである.融解進行期は前・中・後期に細分されるが,中期には霜柱の形成頻度が減少し,代わってジェリフラクションによる移動が卓越する.前期および後期には霜柱クリープによる移動が生じるが,移動距離は中期の1/3程度にとどまる.また,霜柱クリープとフロストクリープによる移動は斜面傾斜と極めて密接な関係をもつ.

抄録全体を表示

This article is to review some economic geographical books published in New Zealand which have not been familiar in Japan. They range from a comprehensive introduction to New Zealand edited by the leading geographer to those dealing with specific sectors of her economy. Most of the books, composed of essays by specialists, reflect the significant changes of New Zealand economy in the 1970 s and 1980 s in changing international circumstances. They include original researches based on regional surveys as well as studies of practical purposes such as positive proposals on and criticism of governmental policies. Geography is a practical science in New Zealand, just as its agriculture has developed by the close connection between economic and technological studies and their application and practice on the farms.

抄録全体を表示

It has been indicated that littoral shelves are generally developed widely at the coastal lakes in Japan. The author takes notice that the littoral shelves are not a continuous flat plain but partly consist of two terraces, and considers that its formative processes have close relativity to the Holocene sea level changes. So, in this paper, the author investigated the southeast part of Lake Kasumigaura, which is the biggest coastal lake in Japan, where littoral shelves are developed in width of about 600m.
Two transections of littoral shelves were obtained at Tennouzaki and Ukishima by using an echo-sounder (Fig. 4). Twelve surface deposit samples on the lake bottom were collected at two cases with a Ekman Birge sampler. Each sample was split to 200 g, sieved to the -2 to 4 phi fraction and analysed for particle sizes (Fig. 5). On the basis of these data, the detailed structure of the littoral shelves in Lake Kasumigaura was clarified and the origin of wide littoral shelves in the coastal lakes in Japan were considered as follows.
(1) There are two kinds of littoral shelves in Lake Kasumigaura (Fig. 2). Littoral shelf I is developed along the shoreline continuously at the depth of 0.5_??_2.0m. On the other hand, littoral shelf II is found partly in the offing of littoral shelf I at the depth of 2.0_??_3.5 m. Littoral shelf I is considered to be a modern surface but the formation of littoral shelf II has high possibility to be a relict surface which was formed in the past at a low water level.
That is to say, the wide littoral shelves in Lake Kasumigaura are made up of a modern surface (littoral shelf I) and a relict surface (littoral shelf II). And the former seems to be partially superposed on the latter.
(2) At other main coastal lakes in Japan, for example, Lake Saroma, Lake Notoro, Lake Abashiri, Lake Ogawara, etc. (Table 2), we can also observe that littoral shelves are partly consist of two terraces. And these two terraces are correlative with the littoral shelf I and the littoral shelf II in Lake Kasumigaura respectively (Fig. 2). So the author assumes that the formation of the wide littoral shelves at the coastal lakes in Japan are also due to the superposition of littoral shelf I on littoral shelf II, and the low water level, when littoral shelf II was formed, is estimated to have appeared at almost the same time in those lakes, affected by the sea level changes in Late Holocene. It is known that the regression occurred at least three times in Late Holocene in Japan; middle Jomon period (about 5, 000_??_4, 000 y. B. P.), Yayoi period (about 3, 0002000 y. B. P.) and early Edo period (about 300 y. B. P.). The author supposes that littoral shelf II was formed during one of these periods, or during two or three periods with plural affections.

抄録全体を表示