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Volume 11 (1966)
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Volume 11, Issue 4
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages Cover9-
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (27K) -
T. SasajimaArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 183-189,1
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChina promulgated an low of educational system following after that of Japan in 1902 and 1903, and established a system from primary school to the post-graduate course. In reference to physical education, the objectives, the time alstment, the contents and the curricula were expressly provided. Before the system got under way however, the Ching Dynasty had fallen and Republic of China was founded. The Republic of China promulgated, also, an law of educational system in 1912,modeled after that of Japan, but the circumstances in China did not allow to enforce the system fully. We find stipulations for the objectives and facilities of the physical education in this educational program. In 1922, a new educational system was adopted instead of the Japanese system. This is so-called 6-3-3 system following after that of U.S.A.. On account of continued civil war, this system did not come into force until Kumintang could bring the country under its authority.View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
Hisatsune Yamada, Tsunenori Iwami, Kuniaki Terada, Shuro MoritaArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 190-195,2
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we report the effect regarding the relationship between the visual sense in the dynamic moving visual field and timing error considered from the under-mentioned aspects. 1) Regarding the timing action gazing after the moving object what kind of effects those three conditions will be brought to the timing error. (1) velocity of movement, (2) direction of movement, (3) visual distance. 2) Regarding the timing action when the timing-point and the moving object were peripherally visioned, how the timing error be effected by the variation of moving direction of the object. The results of there measurements are as follows: I. Timing Action by Follow up Sight. 1) When the velocity of object is 1M/Sec., the value of the timing error was maximum, and at this time as a top value of error, it decreased in both cases of increase and decrease of velocity of the object. The timing errors decreased. 2) In case the velocity was slow, it was easy to fit the timing in short distance, and in case the velocity was swift, it was easy to fit the timing in far distance. The relationship between the velocity of visual object and visual distance was; the easiest case to fit the timing is that the angle-velocity is 40O゜/Sec. 3) In case the object moves in vertical direction, the value of the timing error was the smallest, diagonal direction, next, and horizontal direction was the last. II. Timing Action by Peripheral Vision. 1) When the object moved up and down, in comparing the upper part around the timing point with the lower part, the lower part had the smaller value in its timing error than another. In case the object was moving left and right the left side of the timing point had the smaller value in its timing error compared with the right side. 2) When compared the case when the visual object moves from the peripheral field of vision to wards the center with the case vice versa, the latter had the smaller value than the former in its timing error.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Yoshiyuki MatsuuraArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 196-202,3
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the paper, titled "Hierarchical factor structure of muscle strength", hierarchical factor solution was applied to 8 X 8 correlation matrix, which was composed of correlation coefficients between strength variables, and one general factor ; named as general strength factor, and four second order factors; two of them named grip strength factor and factor of limbs, shoulder girdle and back strength, respectively. The characteristics of these factors are quite different from the factors extracted by ordinary orthogonal solutions, hence, it is very important to specify them. Thus, in this paper, the measurement of those factors was discussed. As for the measurement, the complete measurement method is extremely hard to be applied because it includes various complicated computations. Therefore, the short method, which was developed by W. Lederman 1939, was applied. Then, the general strength factor can be estimated with all variables at multiple correlation coefficient; 0.9297, and also the grip strength factor can be estimated with all variables at multiple correlation coefficient; 0.8035, factor of limbs, shoulder girdle, and back strength at 0.7978. It is not so practical to use all variables to estimate each factor score. Then, the author attempted to decrease the number of variables for estimation. For instance, it was found that the general strength factor can be estimated with grip strength (right hand), back strength and leg strength at multiple correlation; 0.745, and also with grip strength (right) and back strength at 0.672. These discussions are carried to all factors extracted.View full abstractDownload PDF (543K) -
S. Yamaoka, H. Hachisuka, Y. MasuokaArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 203-212,4
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs compared with the physical fitness between children and adults from point of view of energy metabolism, the results are as follows. In the case of sprint, oxygen requirement of adults is more than that of children because adults are faster in speed than children. But in the case of giving the same load to children and adults at bicycle work, there is no difference in oxygen requirement between them. Moreover, in the exercise in proportion to each physique (body weight), oxygen requirement of children is less than that of adults, and comparing oxygen requirement per body weight, we don't see the difference.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Akira YoshiharaArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 213-221,4
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a historical survey on "To-yin", the ancient medicine of the Han Era (206 B.C.-8 A.D.), was found to be made up of a set of massage exercises, free exercises and breathing exercise, but as time went on, it began to be associated with Taoism and Buddhism and became a sort of spiritual discipline through the breathing exercise or the Seize cult. In recent times under the influence of Confucianism, the hygiene of "To-yin" parted from the esoteric Buddhism, and "To-yin" gradually regained the scientific nature of its early stages and reorganized many types of exercise; Ch'en Hsi-i To-yin composed of 24 exercises, Pa Tuan Chin To-yin composed of 8 exercises, Ch'in Sung-tzu To-yin composed of 18 exercises, etc.... Here, with its social and cultural background, the author tried to classify and analyze the typical of the systems of "To-yin" reorganized in recent times.View full abstractDownload PDF (1139K) -
K. Kikuchi, M. Man-i, K. ItoArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 222-230,5
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to pursue the effect of training upon the heart. The hypertrophy of the cardiac muscle was analyzed at the following three levels; l) organ 2) tissue 3) cell. The histological method, using Hematoxylin stain was adopted. The rats (Wistar) were compelled to make 6 minutes' running on the treadmill at the speed of 40m/min. every day for eight weeks successively. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The increase of the body weight in the exercise group was smaller than that in the control group, but the heart weight increased. The heart-body ratio in the exercise group was considerably greater than that in the control group. 2) The dross-sections of the heart (Ventricle) were made at the center of the heart axis and the breadth of the walls of the heart was measured. The ratio of hypertrophy of the heart was 9.3% in the right ventricle and 10.5% in the left ventricle. 3) The average cross area of the cardiac fibers in the exercise group was 452.4μ^2 in the right ventricle and 462. 4μ^2 in the left ventricle. 0n the other hand that in the control group was 402.2μ^2 in the right and 401.9μ^2 in the left. The ratio of hypertrophy of the cardiac fibers was 12.5% in the right and 15.5% in the left.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
H. Kawamura, K. Yagi, H. Tanaka, S. Takamatsu, T. Kawashima, Y. Hayaka ...Article type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 231-236,6
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo understand the physical education sufficiently in a certain period or nation, it is essential that we make a study of the physical education in the light of the cultural and social conditions of the time and place. From this standpoint, we searched for the physical education in Renaissance Italy. Generally speaking, the physical education of Italy in Renaissance reflects the characteristics of Renaissance. Its remarkable features are as follows: 1. Transitional and aristocratic feature. The life of aristocratic and wealthy classes was the main theme of many educational theorists. Physical proficiency (skill in sports, games, dances and other activities) was desired in the life at the courts. Castiglione's "II Cortegiano" was a prominent example. 2. Individualistic feature. Physical proficiency in Renaissance Italy was the means of satisfaction of individualistic and egoistic desires for expression of one's abilities, fames and prestige. 3. All-sided man (homo universals). The aim of physical education in Renaissance Italy was a all-sided man (homo universals). Homo universals was the ideal of education in this period, and it was a revival of Grecian ideas. 4. Sports in Urban life. Many popular sports and dances were played in Festivals in many big cities. At Florence, for example, the tournament was the most splendid and attractive event. 5. Sports in rural life. In many rural communities in Renaissance Italy, we find cheerful and happy life of the people through many sports, dances and other activities. 6. In urban and rural life, sports, dances and other physical performances were recreation for both players and spectators.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Souichi IchimutaArticle type: Article
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 237-243,7
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA methodological discussion on classificati6n of human motor type was made. In this study "human motor type" means the performance (or motor ability) characteristics of men. The following procedures were applied; l) Each person was described mathematically concerning his ability. Each person was described as the point in the multidimensional space which was determined by independent axes, which represented the fundamental motor abilities. These axes had to be mathematically independent of each others. 2) It was discussed how to measure the degree of difference and similarity among people. The so-called D method by Osgood was applied to measure the relation among people. The difference between subject A and B in the n dimensional space was described as follows : D= √<(a_1 - b_1)^2 + (a_2 - b_2)^2 + ......+ (a_n - b_n)^2 >. 3) Through the result of relating the types of people, it was expected that some people would closer together and others would be less closer and scatter to each other. The given D score was transformed into product-moment correlation r. The r matrix was factored to obtain some fundamental groups by factor analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Article type: Bibliography
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages 1-7
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
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Article type: Appendix
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages App4-
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
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Article type: Appendix
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages App5-
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K) -
Article type: Cover
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages Cover11-
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (22K) -
Article type: Cover
1967 Volume 11 Issue 4 Pages Cover12-
Published: March 25, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (22K)
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