Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 15, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (27K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (27K)
  • Atsuko Kagaya
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 1-7
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to test the training effect on general endurance of females with respect to endurance running time on the treadmill with a 8.6% slope. The treadmill exercise was used for both training and testing of endurance capacity. Four female subjects aged 19 were engaged in a 10-week training program which consisted of 5 minutes treadmill running once every other day. Five females served as a control subjects. Before and after the training period, the running time was tested at three different speeds for all subjects. Based on the test exercise before training, the training speed was determined so that the subject could run for 5 minutes before all-out. It was found to be 122.5m/min. in average. In the training group, the endurance time at the training speed prolonged with statistical significance from 5 minutes and 27 seconds to 11 minutes and 28 seconds (209.9% of pre-training) in average, while in control group little increase was found in endurance running time. A linear relationship was found between endurance running time in logarithmic scale and the running speeds in arithmetical scale for both tests before and after training. The training group showed a remarkable improvement in running time at any test speed. Thus, it was concluded that 5 minute-exhaustive running should be an effective load to improve endurance capacity for females.
    Download PDF (620K)
  • Emiko Mizuma
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 9-19
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The investigation was performed on 24 subjects, normal and healthy kindergarten children, for the measurement of Achilles tendon reflex by strain-gauge method. A stochastic deduction was made on the relationships holding between and among the readings. The following results were obtained. (1) The mechanical curves of the reflex were found to be in either of the types G, S and U with G containing the most instances followed by S and U in the order. (2) The average reading for each element of the measurement was: reflex time (s-a interval), 57.45 msec; phase of contraction (a-b interval), 84.53 msec; phase of relaxation (a-d interval), 122.92 msec; duration of contraction (a-d interval), 207.45 msec; and height of contraction, 7.93 mm, respectively. (3) As for the relationships between and among the readings of elements, a minus correlation was found between the reflex time and the height of contraction while a plus correlation was found between the phase of contraction and the duration of contraction, and likewise between the phase of relaxation and the duration of contraction. A plus correlation was found mutually between and among the readings of the elements: reflex time, phase of contraction, phase of relaxation, duration of contraction and height of contraction.
    Download PDF (901K)
  • Shigehiro Yoshizawa
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 21-32
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was chiefly concerned with the analysis of physical work capacity of rural adolescents. The number of subjects, aged from 9 to 18, were 192 for male and 173 for female respectively, but a few subjects could not undergo all the items of the test because of their temporary physical disorders. Analyzing the data from each of the measurements with respect to physique, pulmonary function, and aerobic work capacity, the following results were obtained: 1. Body height and weight were significantly or insignificantly less than the national mean values, but the weight to height in each age and sex was almost equal to the standardized weight to height. 2. At different ages the boys had a little more vital capacity till 13 years of age, but later through the ages of 14 and 15 years the remarkable sex differences appeared to be 87% and 74%. After 16 years the absolute values for boys showed slight increase, but for girls showed hardly any fluctuations. The one-second timed vital capacities also showed the same inclinations as in the case of the vital capacities. Percentages of expired air qualified by the one-second time interval ranged from 85 to 90% in regardless with age and sex. For female subjects maximal breathing capacities decreased gradually after 15 years. 3. For boys the average values of maximal oxygen uptake increased gradually from 1.54 l per minute for 10 year old boys to 2.08 l for the boys of 13 years, and increased sharply to 3.00 l for the boys aged 15 years, when the maximal oxygen uptake reached the plateau. The average values of the girls up to the age of 13 years were 3 to 7% lower than those of the boys of the same age, and as there was no increase later the average values of the girls aged 14 and 15 years were 20 to 28% lower respectively. 4. The highest average values of maximal oxygen uptakes per kg body weight were 58.l ml at the age of 15 years for the boys and 49.6 ml for the girls aged 13 years respectively. And thereafter the average values gradually decreased for both sexes. Pronounced difference between the sexes suddenly appeared at the age of 14 years, and that is, the percentages of the girls to the boys decreased fr0m 88.4% at 13 years to 79.8% at 14 years. 5. In the 9 to 12 years age group the correlations between static dimensions such as body height, weight, body surface area, and vital capacity and functional dimensions such as maximal respiratory volume, maximal oxygen uptakes, and maximal breathing capacity were considerably high for the sexes. The boys in the 12 to 15 years age group had higher correlations than in the younger age group. The correlations for the girls were lower than in the younger age group because in puberty static dimensions did not accompany so functional dimensions as before. The boys in the 15 to 18 years age group showed lower correlations than in the previous age group. This may be partly due to the development of functional dimensions, though not strictly, independent upon static dimensions and partly due to the greater individual differences in the both dimensions. On the other hand the correlations for the girls were much less than in the previous two age groups. This is on the ground that most parts of development of static dimensions appeared as characteristic developments of female and functional dimensions concerning aerobic work capacity were inclined to cease in these ages. 6. The performance of the five-minute run develops up to the age of 15 years for the boys and thereafter no noticeable developments were found. The 13 year old girls showed the best performance and later the girls rather decreased the endurance performance. 7. The correlations of the five-minute run and maximal oxygen uptake decreased with advanced age group for the sexes.
    Download PDF (1123K)
  • T. Watanabe, Y. Kawahara
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 33-37
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Performance of ski-jump is mostly dominated by the skill of take-off. Pressure given to jumping boad and time of action at take-off were recorded electrically and analyzed. Experiments were carried out in following two ways in laboratory where subjects took crouching position on the wood board to which straingauge was attached: (1) taking off as soon as light signal was given (2) taking off when subjects imagnarily thought that they came approaching at the line of taking-off Results of the experiment were as follows; Pressure was recorded as (1) 116.9kg (2) 97.8kg Time of action measured when taking off was (1) 405.8 msec.(2) 396.2 msec. Direction of jump-flying was considerably related with changes in joint angles at waist, knee and foot. Postural changes and flying direction were taken by means of photographic tracergram. Beam of lamps which were fixed on the waist ran toward reasonable direction of 40-45 degree of angle, while individual differences were observed in the light beams from the lamps which was attached to the knee and the foot joint.
    Download PDF (450K)
  • Sadatsugu Kamei, Hideji Matsui, Mitsumasa Miyashita
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 39-46
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Archery is one of the sports which requires both accuracy and strength. Drawing the bow in Japanese archery consists of reversibly directed movements of the bow arm and the string arm depending upon static balance of both legs. Movements of the bow arm and the string arm should be performed at the same time, also the strength of the bow arm should be equal to that of the string arm. Consequently an excellent archer possesses the ability to reproduce exactly the desired position. The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscular activities during the drawing movement from the view point of electromyography. Recording are as follows; 1) EMG of the upper body well recorded by a pair of the surface electrodes. 2) Motion pattern of the elbow joint was recorded by electrogoniometer and respiratory phase was recorded by the thermisterq 3) Force applied to the bow was measured by the semiconductor straingauge. 4) The moment of the arrow release was determined by the microswitch. The subjects for this experiment were three adults. They were one untrained, one middle trained and one trained. The recording are shown in Fig 1,2 and 3. In the first phase of the drawing movement in Japanese archery, both hands with elbow joints extended are raised to shoulder level after "knocking" the arrow. In such a movement, slight action potentials in the arm muscles were seen in EMG of all subjects. The second phase of the movement is a so-called "drawing" in which the left arm (bow arm) was abducted horizontally at shoulder level to the target with elbow joint extending and simultaneously the right arm (string arm) was also abducted with elbow joint flexing. In such a phase, then are some clear differences in the activities of the upper body muscles between the trained and the untrained archers. Namely, the trailed subject drew back the bow with the extensors of the shoulder joint. The left arm was abducted and extended with M.extensor carpi ulnalis, M.triceps brachii, M.deltoideus and M.teres major. The right arm was done with M.triceps brachii, M.deltoideus and M.teres major. On the other hand, the untrained drew the bow mainly with the flexsors of both arm in the first half of drawing motion. Large electrical activities of the right and left M. biceps brachii were seen throughout the drawing movement in addition to the activities of the extensors. The bow was given potential energy, as the abduction of the shoulder joints were carried out. The force curve of the bow, however, showed that the force was applied to the bow smoothly by the trained, while there was seen a fluctuation of the applied force in the case of the untrained. The third phase of the movement is "aiming" which is completely static. There was a great difference in duration of aiming between the trained and the untrained. That is, the untrained was aiming for 2 seconds while the trained aimed for 5 seconds. This difference seemed to depend upon muscular strength or balance of the muscular tension of right and left arms. The last phase of the movement is "releasing". At the moment of release all the muscles of the upper body became active in the untrained, while the trained realized (his muscles) simultaneously. Those activities in the untrained archer might result in the unsteadiness of his release.
    Download PDF (1800K)
  • A. Nakamura, A. Kono
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 47-53
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recently, the value of sorts and recreational activities has come to be highly estimated as psychotherapy for psychotic patients, and we have also come to consider physical activities from a therapeutically point of view as physical educators. When we treat psychotic patients it is natural that we should be interested in their physical fitness and motor abilities. We gave psychotic patients (male 126) Adult Physical Fitness Test (except 1500m Fast Walk). The results are as follows: 1) Though physical fitness and motor abilities of younger patients were generally better than the aged, they were influenced by the condition of patients' disease. 2) The physical fitness of schizophrenics was markedly inferior to that of healthy adult men, and their physical fitness age was high for their calendar age. 3) There wad little correlationship between physical fitness age and the attitude in daily life and work . 4) Considerable improvements were shown in the retest given after six months.
    Download PDF (593K)
  • [in Japanese]
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages 55-67
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (1393K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages App2-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (40K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages App3-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (138K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages App4-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (43K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages Cover11-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (26K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1971 Volume 15 Issue 3 Pages Cover12-
    Published: March 30, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (26K)
feedback
Top