Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 38, Issue 6
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages Cover21-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages Cover22-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (98K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages App6-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Norihito Yamamoto
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 413-424
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to examine Meadian theory and to discuss its applicability to the subjective sport socialization theory. The study was undertaken in the following procedure. 1) Reviewing the preceding study, it was clarified that the socialization into sport study neglected the subjectivity of socializee. By the way, in the symbolic interactionist's interpretation of Mead, the "me" represented the social aspect of self and the "I" represented the human subjectivity. Thus, according to this interpretation, it was said to be correct that the Meadian "I" played a significant role in the subjective sport socialization theory. At the end of this part, some attempts to apply the Meadian theory to the sport socialization theory were offered concretely. 2) Analysing Mead's eminent work titled "Mind, Self, and Society" in detail, it could understand that Mead bestowed double meanings on the "I", namely, the "I" as a response and the "I" as which responds. As a result of discussing the meaning of former "I", it became clear that it meant a real response which was difficult to know a priori and was expressed through the reflective thinking to conquest the problematic situation. Because on this account, as we were faithful to Mead, it was able to say that the reflective thinking was a base of human subjectivity, but it was not able to say that the "I" as a real response was so. 3) From above reason, it was concluded that the effort of existing subjective sport socialization theory as well as symbolic interactionism which attempted to include human subjectivity in the Meadian "I" as a response would fail inevitably. Finally, it was suggested that the reinterpreted Meadian theory in this study was available to explain human subjectivity in the process of sport socialization.
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  • Koki Kudo, Kazuaki Fukakura
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 425-435
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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    Chase and Simon (1973) reported that a master class chess player's recall performance of the positions of briefly presented chess pieces was better than that of lesser skilled players. The studies in sport situations that adopted the Chase and Simon's paradigm also demonstrated the same results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of ages and skill levels on the recognition of a soccor in later childhood using the modified Chase and Simon's paradigm. Subjects were 524 boys varied both in soccor skill levels (non-player, irregular-, regular- and selected-) and school years (ranged from fifth graders of elementary schools to second-year students of junior high schools). Immediately after the presentation of 1O-minute videotaped soccor game, their recognition accuracy of the game relevant memories and peripheral memories were tested. As has been found for adult subjects, higher skill level players were superior in the performance of relevant memories to lower skill level players and nonplayers. On the other hand, the interaction between skill levels and school years was statistically significant in the peripheral memories. As school years increased, the performance of the highest skill level players significantly declined,whereas no significant change was found in the performance of the lower skill level players and of nonplayers. These results were discussed in terms of the development of encoding strategy for the information from the display. It was inferred that the highest skill level players encoded game information more elaborately than players of other skill level in an early developmental stage.
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  • Yuji Yanagimoto, Toshimitsu Ebisu
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 437-445
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study is to clarify relationship between circadian rhythm and physical fitness in college women. Nine untrained college women volunteered to be subjects in this study had a similar meal and spent a usual daily life during the study. All of the subjects lived in a dormitory. Resting oral temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, grip strength, jumping reaction time. bar-gripping reaction time. closed-eyes foot balance, forced vital capacity and maximum oxygen consumption (V^^.O_2 max) were determined at 3, 9, 15 and 21 o'clock, respectitively. All variables were computed after confirming whether or not the variables showed statistically normal distribution. The findings of this study were : (1) all variables besides blood pressure and V^^.O_2 max showed opposite changes between midnight and daytime, (2) changes of grip strength,jumping reaction time and bar-gripping reaction time were similar to changes of temperature and heart rate often reported to show circadian rhythm.
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  • Shohei Kokudo, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Takahiko Nishijima, Kunio Yamanaka
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 447-457
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Athletic performance is influenced by many factors such as physical, mental and weather conditions. The degree to which the athletic performance is affected by these factors varies among athletes, so that the alteration of performance record includes a variety of information. We attempted to evaluate the characteristics of athletic performance (CAP)in reference with stability of performance in 8 items of jumping on athletes who were in a developing period of motor ability. Subjects were 39 male athletes who did not have great deal of experience of jump training. A total of 3519 records were collected from January 1987 to November 1989. Means and S.D.s of records, obtained in a given short period (i.e., 4 records) for each athlete, were utilized to estimate achievement probability with the exclusion of record improvement. Achievement probabilities of given sample records were defined as (1.0-cumulative normal probability) . Logistic function, P= 1.0/ [1.0 + exp {-a(θ- R_s)}] , was applied to them as a probability curve in each sample record and athlete,where P is achievement probability, θ is mean of records obtained in the short period, and R_s is reference record. Parameter a was determined as the slope of logistic curve, and was defined as CAP. Goodness of fit in applying logistic function was satisfactory, because values of standard error were only 0.0603 at median and 0.0836 at 75 percentile. Differences of CAP among athletes were significant in each event. Four factors were extracted using factor analysis, and they were interpreted as jumping record factor, jumping CAP factor, backward shot put with both hands, and five-step jump with both legs. Thus, we suggest that CAP is independent of record, and the athletes who are in developing eriod of motor ability could be evaluated using two scales of record and CAP.
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  • Hirohisa Wakita, Takayuki Okuda, Yoko Goto, Norio Yagi, Hideki Takagi, ...
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 459-468
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The present study was designed to investigate the development of a rapidly repeating movement of the whole body from ground reaction forces exerted during a side jump. Subjects were 246 healthy males aged 5-17 years, and their physique (body height, body mass,skinfold thickness) , muscular power (vertical jump, standing broad jump) and rapidly repeating movement (stepping, side jump) were measured. The procedure of the side jump were hopping between two parallel lines on the force plate from right to left alternately as quickly as possible. The distance between the lines was fixed at one third of the mean body height at each age. Force curves gained by using force plate were calculated using the jumping frequency per 1 second (the frequency calculated from the time required for one jump), the times on the ground and in the air, the maximum vertical and horizontal forces, the vertical and horizontal impulses and the kicking angle caluculated from maximum vertical and horizontal forces. The frequency of the side jump per 1 second increased significantly with age by 11 years. The time on the ground shortend significantly with age by 10 years. The time in the air shortened significantly with age by 7 years. The maximum vertical force per unit body mass did not change remarkably with age, but the maximum horizontal force per unit body mass increased significantly with age by 12 years. The kicking angle decreased significantly with age by 12 years. The vertical impulse per unit body mass decreased significantly with age by 11 years, but the horizontal impulse per unit body mass did not change remarkably with age. These results suggest that a rapid repeating ability of the whole body develops by increasing the horizontal force in compairison with vertical force and by decreasing the kicking angle and the vertical displacement of the center of gravity with age by about 12 years.
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  • Shinichi Demura, Fumio Goshi
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 469-485
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to distinct the differences on 4 elements of sex, position, playing years, and competitive ability in causal attribution to win (CAW) and defeat (CAD). Causal attribution was measured by using 68 items for win and for defeat, respectively in 192 college soft-tennis players. The 12 factors explaining about 60% of total variance were interpreted in CAW and CAD. The discriminate analyses were performed, using 4 elements as criteria and 12 factors as explanatory variables. The main results were as follows: 1. The factor structures in CAW and CAD were considered to consist of some similar factors, because the names of 7 factors were the same and the higher similarity between them was found : mental stability and concentration, former coach and mastering skill,physical condition, goal and constitution of team, physical fitness relating coordination, concentrated practice, and weather condition. 2. Female players tended to attribute defeat to instability of mental and lack of concentration more than male players. Since there was no significant difference on sex except that factor, it was supposed that the remarkable differences on sex do not exist in CAW and CAD. 3. The back players tended to attribute win to stability and mental concentration,and defeat to goal and constitution of team more than net players. Since there was no significant difference on position except those, it was supposed that the remarkable differences on position do not exist in CAW and CAD. 4. Some remdrkable differences between players with longer playing years and players with shorter years were found in CAW and CAD. Players with longer playing years tended to attribute win to ability and defeat to mental weakness, but those with shorter years tended to attribute defeat to stable factor like physique. 5. There were some remarkable differences between superior players of competitive ability and inferior players in CAW and CAD. Superior players attributed their wins to more factors. They tended to attribute defeat to mental weakness. Inferior players tended to attribute defeat to stable factor like physique.
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  • Hai-peng Tang, Minayori Kumamoto, Ai-yun Lu, Michiyoshi Ae
    Article type: Article
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 487-499
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purposes of this study were to determine the mass, center of mass location, and moments of inertia of the body segments for Chinese male and female athletes using a mathematical modeling approach, and to develop a set of regression equation to estimate inertia properties of body segments using simple anthropometric measurements as predictors. Subjects were 140 male and 77 female athletes belonging to virous college sport clubs. Each subject, wearing swimming suit and cap, was stereo-photographed in a standing position. Fourteen body segments including the upper and lower torso were modeled to be a system of elliptical zones 2 cm thick based on Jensen and Yokoi et al. Significant prediction equations based on the body height, body weight, and segment lengths were then sought, and some prediction strategies were examined. Mass ratios, center of mass location ratios and radius of gyration ratios for males and females were computed by using the mathematical model. There were many significant differences in body segment perameters between the two sexes. Regression equations for estimating the Chinese athletes were generated using the independent variables of weight and length of the human body. Significant differences in body segment perameters between Chinese and Japanese were found in the torso and the limbs. In both sexes Chinese had lower weight values in the forearm. thing and calf, and higher length values in the upper arm, forearm and thigh than Japanese athletes.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 501-532
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 533-548
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 549-552
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Index
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages 553-555
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages App7-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages Cover23-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (204K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1994 Volume 38 Issue 6 Pages Cover24-
    Published: March 01, 1994
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (204K)
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