Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 47, Issue 3
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages Cover9-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages Cover10-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (31K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages App5-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Kazuyuki Taketani
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 195-207
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper presents a historical overview of studies on Basque sport culture. The author argues that it is necessary for Basque sport studies to be analyzed separately from the colonialist viewpoint in order to construct new theories. Basque sports have scarcely been regarded by researchers as an important study topic. This is partly due to geographical reasons; the Basque provinces are located at the periphery of Europe and have failed to attract attention from other countries. On the other hand, the neglect may be attributed to biased thinking by researchers, who have treated the Basques as rather primitive. In fact, to previous rulers of the Basque people, they have been no more than a country supporting the wealth of Europe during the era of colonization. However, the Basque identity became intensified after the Carlista War and the American-Spanish War in the 19th century. Furthermore, the Basque defeat in the Spanish Civil War and the resulting political oppression by Franco had a decisive effect on accelerating Basque studies. The Society of Basque Studies was established in Onate in 1918, right after the first Meeting for Basque Studies. Under the leadership of the Society, research and investigations were gradually conducted. Early researchers included Barandiaran, Eguren, and more notably Aranzadi, who characterized some of the features of betting, and suggested a possible classification of the subject. With regard to pelota vasca, Pena y Goni, Blazy, and Abbadie were prominent researchers who focused their attention on the game. Abbadie also integrated various feasts, which had been scattered throughout the Basque region, as a whole entity. At the present time, a leading researcher of Basque sports is Aguirre Franco, who has gathered and provided much information and material. His achievements include the publication of three books dealing with the details of Basque sports other than pelota. On the other hand, Fernandez and Bozas-Urrutia are noted for a number of works on pelota, although they have failed to explain the difference between the history of ordinary ball games and that of pelota. With regard to infant play in general, Etniker, as part of a research group on Basque Studies, has conducted ethnological studies using originally compiled questionnaires. The results of these studies helped Etxebste to write his doctoral thesis dealing with themes such as socialization and enculturation in Basque society. In the field of dancing, attention has been focused to a great extent on its history and the theory of movement. Various works are already published in this domain, notably that of Martin Bosch, who wrote a doctoral dissertation discussing Basque dancing in terms of cultural interpretation. He emphasizes that the Basque dances express wishes and prayers to Nature. Recently, Basque studies have been conducted on a global scale. MacClancy, an British researcher, is conducting studies mainly on ethnic sports and Basque nationalism. Guildhall University has set up an institute for Basque studies. In the United States, Nevada University has an outstanding institute for Basque studies which plays an important role as a center of research. Regrettably, however, it has not yet done any original sports research. In Japan, Taketani has been engaged in Basque studies for many years. He criticizes current studies for being based on the western way of thinking, i.e., culturally biased. He also points out some transformed aspects of Basque sport culture.
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  • Koji Takenaka, Hiroaki Uechi
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 209-229
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One of the most frequently identified psychosocial correlates with adherence to physical activity (PA) and exercise is the individual's perception of personal capability or self-efficacy (SE: Bandura, 1986, 1997). It is well known that SE perceptions are influenced by, or influence, the PA and exercise participation. To date, a wide variety of SE scales have been developed and applied in studies of PA and exercise. In this review, we consider the extant literature dealing with the influential roles of SE in relation to PA and exercise for healthy people. We first provide a brief overview of SE roles in Social Cognitive Theory developed by Bandura. Second, three types of SE scales (task, barrier, and general) are surveyed in PA and exercise participation, which examine different modes of SE. Task SE refers to measures directed at the assessment of beliefs regarding subjects' capabilities to successfully engage in incremental bouts of PA and exercise. Barrier SE is used to typically assess beliefs in capability to overcome social, personal and environmental barriers to doing PA and exercise. General SE is examined as more general measure of the efficacy construct due to its general-ization to PA and exercise. After each review, we discuss some measurement-related issues related to the development of SE scales to the PA and exercise domain: level and strength, item number and content, and reliability and validity. Finally we conclude with some recommendations for future considerations in the measurement of self-efficacy.
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  • Kenichi Katoh, Rie Satoh, Toshiko Uchihara, Masaaki Sugita, Kando Koba ...
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 231-241
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A study was conducted to investigate the optimal sprint distance for elementary school sprinters. The subjects comprised two groups: a national level group (47 boys and 47 girls in the 5th grade, 46 boys and 47 girls in the 6th grade) and a local level group (90 boys and 85 girls in the 5th grade, 80 boys and 82 girls in the 6th grade). One-hundred-meter races in national and local competitions for these boys and girls were recorded using video cameras. Sprint times were recorded every 10 m, and the average speed was determined for every 10 m from the start to the 100-m point. In this study, three phases in the 100-m sprint were defined: The highest speed was designated as 100% and the full sprint phase consisted of the highest speed phase plus the consecutive intervals in which the speed was no less than 98%. The acceleration phase was taken as the interval from the start to the full sprint phase. The speed endurance phase was taken as the interval during which the highest speed exceeded 2% of the diminishing speed rate, after the highest speed was reached. It was found that sprint speeds at every interval from 10 to 100 m for the national group were significantly higher than those for the local group. Although the rate of speed increase during the acceleration phase differed between the two groups, the distance of the phase was 30 m from the start line for both groups. The full sprint phase occurred from 30 to 60 m in the national group, and from 30 to50 m in the local group. The speed endurance phase occurred from 60 to 100 m in the national group, and from 50 to 100 m in the local group, and within this phase relative speeds of 70 to 80 m in the national group (94.8-95.7%) and 50 to 60 m in the local group (92.7-93.8%) were recorded, corresponding to the relative speed of 90 to 100 m in world class sprinters (about 95%). In the national group, the sprint distance was about 70 m for boys and girls in the 5th grade and girls in the 6th grade, and the distance of about 80 m for boys in the 6th grade corresponded to the 100 m sprint time for world class sprinters (9.97-11.22s). In the local group, the sprint distance was about 60 m for boys and girls in the 5th grade, and about 70 m for boys and girls in the 6th grade, corresponding to the 100 m sprint time in world class sprinters. Based on these findings, we suggest that 80 m for national level athletes, and 60 m for local level athletes may be the optimal distances for sprint events for elementary school sprinters without losing the characteristics of the event.
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  • Yuji Yamamoto
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 243-251
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Previous experimental studies (Yamamoto and Gohara, 1999; 2000) have shown that continuous hitting movements have a hierarchical fractal structure, as predicted by dynamical systems approaches with external temporal input. The switching input condition in the previous experiments showed higher performance than when periodic input was applied. To extend this finding to motor learning, we therefore examined the influence of a similar complex hitting action on performance using novices as subjects. Hitting performances of novices were recorded under two conditions: one where two different hitting actions (forehand and backhand tennis strokes) were switched repeatedly-as was the case for the switching condition used in the previous experiment- and one where only one of the two strokes was repeated, corresponding to the periodic input condition. In the complex hitting condition, the end phase and the next preparatory phase were shown to be "fused" in the intermediate phase, as a consequence of exploiting the inertia of the trunk rotation movement, and subjects showed better performance under the complex hitting condition than under the continuous hitting condition. These results suggest that when more than two different classes of novel movements need to be acquired, the movement combination that exploits the physical inertia would be more effective than repeating each movement individually.
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  • Jun Iwatake, Tomomi Suzuki, Natsumi Nakamura, Hiroyuki Oda, Takeshi Na ...
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 253-261
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Sprint running and several types of jumping are associated with the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between anaerobic power during the SSC and sprint running performance. Method: After warming up, 66male university students performed a series of six successive vertical jumps (rebound jump) on a conductance mat, using their arms to help. The subjects then performed sprint running over 60m using a starting block on an all weather track. Anaerobic power during the SSC (rebound jump power) was significantly correlated with sprint running power (the ability to increase sprint running velocity) and peak sprint running velocity (r=0.672, 0.708, p<0.001). The present findings suggest that sprint performance is affected by anaerobic power during the SSC. Therefore, to improve sprint performance, strength training to increase anaerobic power output by the SSC should be taken into consideration.
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  • Koji Takenaka
    Article type: Article
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 263-269
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 271-294
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Bibliography
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 295-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages 300-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (339K)
  • Article type: Cover
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages Cover11-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (31K)
  • Article type: Cover
    2002 Volume 47 Issue 3 Pages Cover12-
    Published: May 10, 2002
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (31K)
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