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Volume 46, Issue 1
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (34K) -
Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (34K) -
Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages App1-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Mikio TokunagaArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 1-17
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a method for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability, we have conducting surveys of athletes in various fields since 1986. The survey were conducted on 5,334 athletes over a period of nearly 15 years. Thereafter, we sought the factors, sub-scales and total score for psychological competitive ability to analyze statistically their relationships with various athletic traits, and examined their validity and reliability. The main results are as follows: 1. We developed the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological Competitive Ability for Athletes (DIPCA.2), as a method for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability as their psychological 'traits.' The inventory comprises 52 questions (including 4 lie scale items), which can be categorized into 12 scales and 5 factors. 2. We developed the following two methods for diagnosing athletes' psychological competitive ability as their psychological 'states.' 1) One is the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological State Before Competition (DIPS-B.1) to diagnose athletes' psychological state before competition. It comprises 20 questions (including 2 lie scale items), which can be categorized into 9 scales and 5 factors. 2) The other is the Diagnostic Inventory of Psychological State During Competition (DIPS-D.2), comprising 10 questions, to diagnose athletes' psychological states during competition. 3. We attempted to systematize the three diagnostic inventories for use in athletes' psychological guidance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1535K) -
Marcelo Olivera Cavalli, Kengo FujiwaraArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 19-33
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScholarly inquiry in the field of physical education (PE) can be said to be quite prolific in Japan considering the number of scientific periodicals that are published in the country. Almost every university with a PE department has its own publication. and the same can be said of regional and national PE societies. However, there has been little, if any, assessment of research trends focusing on paradigmatic orientation. The objectives of this paper are (1)to outline the guiding paradigms for conductin research in PE, (2)to conduct a content analysis of Japanese PE research, and (3)to determine the ideological trends for approaching and researching PE in Japan. The research was categorized into the three most frequently utilized paradigms in present-day PE: the positivist paradigm, the interpretive paradigm and the critical paradigm. We found that 97.56% of the research adheres to positivistic rules and 2.44% observes interpretive or critical perspectives. Although we attempted to assess Japanese PE research trends, it is also necessary to evaluate the adequacies and limitations of each paradigm. In addition, we must consider other perspectives for conducting research in order to better define the field as a whole. If research in PE is presently employing only one method of analysis at the expense of other valid methodologies, then there could be serious shortcomings that might profoundly affect the field of PE and society as a whole.View full abstractDownload PDF (1383K) -
Hidetsugu Kobayashi, Shinichi Demura, Susumu Sato, Masaki Minami, Yosh ...Article type: Article
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 35-46
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToday, it is very important to evaluate fatigue symptoms in young adults. The subjective symptoms index (SSI) has been widely used to evaluate fatigue, but it was developed to evaluate fatigue in laborers and has various associated problems. Therefore we developed a new subjective fatigue scale (SFS-Y) consisting of 24 items, to evaluate fatigue in young adults. The purpose of this study was to clarify the features of the SFS-Y and compare them with those of the SSI.Both instruments were administered to 595 students aged 15-20 yr, and the main results obtained were as follows. The SFS-Y has more items related to mental fatigue and measures fatigue parameters that are different from those of the SSI. Also the SFS-Y has more sub-scales than the SSI and is a better multiple evaluator, including evaluations of gender differences. Although both the SFS-Y and SSI have acceptable levels of reliability, that of the SFS-Y is somewhat higher. Furthermore, the SFS-Y can better measure slight changes in subjective symptoms of fatigue occurring during daily activity. These observations suggest that the SFS-Y is effective as a measure of subjective fatigue symptoms in young adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (1358K) -
Shikako Hayashi, Yoshiteru Hasegawa, Susumu Yahagi, Tatsuya KasaiArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 47-59
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjectibe: To understand the neural mechanisms of motor imagery, we examined differences in cortical excitability (primary motor cortex) induced by motor imagery between highly skilled and less skilled exponents of Kendo (Japanese fencing). Methods: First, to confirm differences in Kendo skills between the highly skilled and less skilled Kendoists, EMGs from four muscles (two intrinsic and two forearm muscles) and grip forces on the left and right sides were recorded simultaneously while performing Kendo. Second, to investigate changes in excitability of the motor cortex induced by motor imagery, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were recorded from the left and right first dorsal interosseous (FDI), abductor digiti minimi (ADM), extensor carpi radialis (ECR) and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscles. During motor imagery of Kendo skills, MEPs were recorded under the following three conditions: (1) The subjects imaged Menuchi-movements (hitting the head with a bamboo sword) without a visual aid (V^- ), (2) the subjects imaged Menuchi-movements with the aid of a video system (V^+), (3) the subjects imaged the maximum muscle contraction of each of the four muscles, related to Menuchi-movements, respectively. Results: During motor imagery of Menuchi-movements under condition V^-, MEP amplitudes were larger in the highly skilled Kendoists than those in the less skilled Kendoists. Moreover, MEP amplitudes in the less skilled Kendoists were larger under condition V^+ than under condition V^-, whereas the opposite was true in the highly skilled Kendoists although the defference did not attain statistical significance. In both sets of subjects, however, the MEP amplitudes during motor imagery of individual muscle contraction were the same, i.e., the differences in MEP amplitude between the highly skilled and less skilled Kendoists disappeared. Conclusion: The brain function for imaging motor skills differs between highly skilled and less skilled Kendoists. That is, the motor imagery of highly skilled Kendoists invdves performing concrete movement (internal imagery) whereas that of less skilled Kendoists involves looking at the movement (external imagery).View full abstractDownload PDF (1262K) -
Ryo Ohta, Hideyuki ArikawaArticle type: Article
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 61-75
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted a practical study on the process of movement correction in sprint running from the standpoint of sports morphology. The subject was an elite Japanese female sprinter attending university. Running movement was analyzed by self-observation and outside-observation through impression analysis. The coach had discussions with the athlete to achieve new movement and an ideal running movement, and were able to reach a common understanding. During the process of movement correction, the athlete and the coach needed to share and empathize the movement sensation. The athlete and the coach shared four stages of movement correction, and went through the four stages using sprint drills, similar to movement and sprint running at 80% subjective effort. The coach felt that the series of movements had become much smoother from the third stage. Similarly, the movement sensation experienced by the athlete improved after correction of the running motion. Furthermore, the athlete achieved a feeling of weighting on the contact leg and improved foward motion after movement correction.View full abstractDownload PDF (2025K) -
Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 77-98
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 99-155
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Article type: Bibliography
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 156-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 158-159
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 160-161
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages App2-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (139K) -
Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (32K) -
Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
Published: January 10, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (32K)
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