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Volume 38, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (276K) -
Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (276K) -
Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages App1-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (239K) -
Satoshi ShimizuArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-11
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reviews historical background of setting up problems of sport sociology and taken up a meaning of body as an independent subject within sport sociology. While putting a focus on the body, it contributes to opening a new horizon in cognition theory, as referred to from the genealogy of French ethnology and sociology. The author discusses theoretical meaning and concrete strategy in a construct of sociology of body, basing mostly on: 1) M. Mauss - his theory of vision and method in <technique du corps> 2) C. Levi=Strauss - his theory of <unconscious> 3) P. Bourdieu - his theory of vision in <habitus> and look at the body Constructing sociology of body, means to focus on body that brings over boundaries of objective structure/subjective practice, consciousness/unconsciousness and verbal/nonverval. That focus seems helpful to open a new horizon in cognition theory. Finally, as a concrete subject in sociology of body, you can find in this paper a plain debate on Japanese <technique du corps> and their mental analyses taken under relation to military training and physical education. The author explains the significance of such relation and importance of this subject and its methodology.View full abstractDownload PDF (1217K) -
HunKyung Kim, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Kiyoji Tanaka, Fumio NakadomoArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 13-24
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBioelectrical impedance (BI) and skinfold thickness (ST) methods are available for indirect determination of human body composition. The validity of BI and ST methods has been established to be sufficiently high in men and women. However, more studies are needed to assess the validity and applicability of these methods to children and youth. This study was designed (1) to investigate the validity of body density measured by BI and ST methods against underwater weighing (UW) as a criterion, and (2) to propose appropriate prediction equations that are applicable to Japanese children and youth. The subjects were 141 boys and 163 girls aged 9 to 14 years. The BI was measured using a tetrapolar bio-impedance analyzer (Selco SIF-891) . The ST was measured at four sites (triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac) using an Eiken-type caliper. The body density estimated by BI and ST correlated significantly with the hydrodensitometrically determined body density. However, the validity of the BI and ST methods was found to be unsufficient particularly in girls, thereby indicating the need for a more accurate method of assessing body composition in children and youth. We developed multiple regression equations that may be applicable to a wide range of children and youth. We suggest that body composition of younger generation is better esimated from a combination of BI and ST variables.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
Tomohiko Murase, Takaaki AsamiArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 25-33
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of discrimination and rating of force in grip, elbow flexion and extension for preschool children. The subjects were 20 healthy Japanese children (mean age: 5.7-5.9yrs) for each motion. Standard stimuli were 3 forces of 1.0 kgf, 2.0 kgf and 3.0 kgf, and comparison stimulus changed at an interval of 0.1 kgf. Consecutive discriminations of force in 3 motions were administered and the results were compared among both 3 standard stimuli and 3 motions with one-way ANOVA. Lower threshold (LT), upper threshold (UT) and interval of uncertainty (IU) were selected as variables in discrimination of force, and point of subjective equality (PSE) and absolute error (AE) in rating of force. Furthermore test-retest reliability of the discrimination of force was examined at standard stimulus of 2.0 kgf. Results were discussed for both the discrimination and rating of force. Pearson's correlation coefficients between two performances for LT and UT in 3 motions ranged from 0.642 to 0.841 (p <.01) . It was suggested that the method for discrimination of force in this study could be applied to preschool children. Performances in discrimination of force increased with a gain in standard stimulus for 3 motions, not in rating of force. LT, UT and IU in elbow flexion were larger than those in elbow extension, but the differences among 3 motions for PSE and AE were not clear.View full abstractDownload PDF (822K) -
Mitsugi Ogata, Masahide Nakano, Yoshinori OkazawaArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 35-45
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purposes of this study were to clarify the effect of leg extension power on running long jump on school children, and to examine the effectivenesses of jump from shorter approach run. The experiment was composed of filming take-off movement and measuring leg extension power. In the filming, two kinds of jump were done ; longer approach run defined as Trial I (over 20 meters) and shorter approach run defined as Trial II (within 15 meters) .Subjects were thirty-four males and thirty-two females in the fifth grade of elementary school. Then, they were divided into three groups judging from relative leg extension power (leg extension power/body weight) ; Excellent group, Medium group and Poor group.Obtained variables from film analysis such as displacement, time, velocity and angle were compared among three groups. In the same way, those variables were compared between both trials. Results were as follows : 1) In the male's Trial I, Excellent group recorded longer jumping distance than the other two groups as a result of higher approach running velocity. Moreover, Excellent group seemed to perform more rational take-off movement than Poor group judging from shorter contact time. 2) In male's Trial II, Excellent group moved into take-off with higher approach running velocity, and showed higher initial velocity at take-off. Consequently Excellent group recorded longer jumping distance. 3) In both trials of females, there were no variables to be recognized as significant differences among groups. Therefore, running long jump of the fifth grade of females seemed not to be affected by leg extension power remarkably. 4) In the Trial II , males recorded shorter jumping distance as a result of lower initial velocity, and showed no rational take-off movements. Therefore, there were few merits by utilizing shorter approach run. 5) It was concluded that jumping from shorter approach run was effective for female's Poor group because of leading better landing to sandpit without reducing velocity at take-off.View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Hisaya Tsuzimoto, Kenji Tani, Toshihiro IshikoArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 47-57
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of capsaicin, a pungent principle of hot red pepper, were studied in the brown adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet. Rats were divided into three groups : 1) nonpurified diet group (NP : n=12) , 2) high-fat diet group (HF : n=10) and 3) high-fat plus capsaicin diet group (HFC : n=10) . NP group was fed 15.4g diet/day. HF and HFC groups were fed 10.5g diet/day. Rats were fed each diet for 1O days. In body weight, NP group was heavier than HF and HFC groups. HF group was heavier than HFC group. In weight of the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) , HF group was heavier than NP and HFC groups ; HFC group was heavier than NP group. In the IBAT tissue weight/100g body weight, HF group was heavier than NP and HFC groups.But no difference was observed between HF and HFC groups. In both of the epididymal and the perirenal adipose tissue weights,HF group was heavier than NP and HFC groups. No difference was observed between NP and HFC groups. Serum glucose level of HF and HFC groups was lower than that of NP group. Serum free fatty acid level of HF and HFC groups was higher than that of NP group. In oxygen consumption ,HF group was lower than NP group and HFC group was lower than NP group when expressed per 100mg wet weight ;HFC group was higher than HF group when expressed per 100mg wet weight and per 10mg protein, respectively. Significant negative correlations were found between the IBAT oxygen consumption per 1Omg protein per hour and the epididymal or the perirenal adipose tissue weight. These results indicated that capsaicin lowers the epididymal and the perirenal adipose tissue weights and prevents decrease of the IBAT oxygen consumption as the result of high-fat diets effect.View full abstractDownload PDF (993K) -
Hisashi Wada, Tadao TudaArticle type: Article
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 59-71
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to corroborate the psychological characteristics of city runners viewed at the angle in addiction. The questionnaire was examined about 368 city runners (217 males and 151 females). The results were as follows : 1) The individual difference of addiction score measured by addiction scale was confirmed. 2) It was clarified that more addictive runners showed negative feelings when they missed running. In the states of mind during running. the runners who showed a marked tendency of addiction had psychological well-being remarkably. Moreover the significant relationship between the addiction and runner's high was observed: These results showed that the mental factors affected the running behavior. 3) Type A behavior pattern and compulsiveness had a significant relationship with addiction. These results suggested that personality prescribe the running behavior. A more detailed examination in this point is the subject for a future study.View full abstractDownload PDF (1153K) -
Article type: Appendix
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 73-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (808K) -
Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (582K) -
Article type: Cover
1993 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
Published: May 01, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (582K)
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