本稿は,拡張シフトシェア分析の適用を通じて,1970年代および1980年代における製造業雇用の地域的変化たついて解明を試みたものである.シフトシェア分析は,雇用成長の要因を,全国成長効果・比例効果・差異効果に分解する伝統的な方法であるが,近年その拡張の動きが活発化している.ここでは,成長効果・構成効果・競合効果・配分効果への分解によって,個々の部門レベルと地区レベルの双方の解明に有効な枠組みをもつ拡張シフトシェア分析を利用した.
製造業就業者の職業別データにこの方法を適用した結果,まず,構成効果は職種構成の地域差を反映して,東京・大阪・神奈川など少数の都道府県でのみ正の値を示すことがわかった.次に,従来の差異効果から配分効果を除去した競合効果から,雇用の集中・分散の傾向をみると,生産系の強い分散,専門・技術・管理系や事務系のゆるやかな分散,サービス系のゆるやかな集中,という傾向が明らかになった.

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本稿は,植木生産地域の発展と存立基盤について三重県内部川扇状地での事例から検討したものである.高度経済成長期以降,、内部川扇状地における植木生産はサツキを特産樹種とした寡品目大量生産を軸に大きく発展した.この間,生産地域は明治期に植木が導入された鞠鹿野地区からその周辺地区へと拡大し,流通機能についても仲買業者を中心とした集出荷体制が次第に確立されていった.一方,この時期における農家の植木生産経営は,既存の営農部門と植木との複合経営による新規参入農家が後に植木の専作化,多品目化を経て,最終的に仲買業者へと転化していくことが判明した.これらの点を整理すると当該地域は,生産・流通の内部機構が次第に機能的に組織化された,いわば主産地形成がなされて発展してきたものといえる.またその機能的組織体系を空間的にみると,管理組織体である仲買業者が集積する鞠鹿野地区(流通機能中心)を核に,植木生産農家が集積する周辺地区(生産機能中心)が配置されていることが明らかとなった.つまり青果物日地でみられる1つの管理組織体が核となった空間構造とは異なって,植木生日地域の場合,地区レベルそのものが核となる空間構造こそが,地域の発展とかかわりをもつ存立基盤であると指摘できる.

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This paper provides some additional data on the surface deformation associated with the Nojima earthquake fault, that occurred on January 17, 1995. These data were obtained mostly in March 1995, and include: 1) detailed mapping of the fault trace at the Nashimoto and Nojima sectors ; 2) coseismic coastal uplift on the northern part of Awaji Island; and 3) tide gauge data and displacement of supporting columns of the bridge between Awaji Island and Honshu, across the Seto Inland Sea. The main results are as follows.: 1) En eshelon fault traces and cracks are particulaly well developed at Nashimoto, underlain by unconsolidated alluvial sand and gravels. Small-scale reliefs, such as minor pullapart basins and minor pushed-up bulges, associated with the right-step or left-step of the rightlateral displacement of the Nojima earthquake fault, are clearly seen at Nashimoto 2) Coseismic coastal uplift is revealed by displacement of tetrapods (concrete blocks for wave brakes) at Ezaki (Loc. O) and by emerged beach deposits, about 300m east of Ezaki (Loc. P). This indicates that the southeastern side (upthrown side) of the earthquake fault was uplifted at the time of the 1995 earthquake. 3) Examination of releveling results of benchmarks, tide gauge data, and displacement of supporting columns of the bridge across the Seto Inland Sea, as well as the general pattern of active faults in the Kobe area, suggest that the northern extension of the Nojima fault has subsided and this probably represents a large scale pull-apart basin, due to right-step of major faults, dominated by right-lateral offset.

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The Nojima earthquake fault appeared along the recognized active fault in the northwestern part of Awaji Island in association with the 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu Earthquake. This earthquake fault is dominated by right-lateral offset (max. 1.7m), with a high-angle reverse fault which has a maximum verlical displacement of 1.3m uplift on the southeastern side. We have repeated the measurement of seven profiles of the fault scarp at two areas (Hirabayashi, Ogura). The fault scarp of the Hirabayashi area (profiles 1-4) is composed of the Plio-Pleistocene Osaka Group at the base and is overlain by an unconsolidated gravel bed at the top. The Ogura area (profiles 5-7) is entirely underlain by the Plio-Pleistocene Osaka Group. The fault scarp in these two areas is characterized by an overhanging slope due to thrusting of the upthrown side. Scarp retreat at Hirabayashi occurred in association with the sudden collapse of the gravel bed and proceeded more quickly than at Ogura, where fault scarp retreat proceeded by exfoliation of the fault plane as well as partial collapse of the Osaka Group. These facts strongly indicate that the lithological control is most significant for the formation of original fault scarp as well as retreat. The retreat of fault scarp was very slow after March to June at Hirabayashi and June to July at Ogura, and proceeded more quickly than some of seismically generated normal faults.

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