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Volume 14 (1969)
- Issue 5 Pages 1-
- Issue 4 Pages 169-
- Issue 3 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 61-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 14, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages Cover11-
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (45K) -
Kazue SatoArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 169-174
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this, I aimed at inquiring the modern definitions of the concept of "sports" and "physical education", and endeavored to make clear the conceptual differences and the relationships between them. I am so happy if the thesis may, to some extent, contribute to the practices of sports activities and physical education activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
Michio Ikai, Miharu MiyamuraArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 175-183
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe highest level of the cardiac output is said to be closely related to the maximum oxygen intake. In the present work, maximum cardiac output was studied with repeat to sex and age. The trained and the untrained were also compared. A modified CO method was used to determine cardiac output. For measuring oxygen intake, the expired gas, collected by the Douglas bag method in exhaustive ex6rcise on a treadmill, was analyzed by Scholander's apparatus. Normal 178 males and 58 females served as the subjects. Maximum cardiac output increased with age, whose average values were 18.7 l/min at age 12-15, 21.6 l/min at age 16-20, 22.1 l/min at age 21-25 in male subjects; 14.9 l/min at age 13-15, 15.4 l/mit at age 16-18, 15.9 l/min at age 19-23 in female subjects respectively. After these age, maximum cardiac output gradually declared in advance of age. A higher average was found to be 27.0 l/min in the trained male subjects. The maximum cardiac output (Qmax) appeared to be a little lower than those of European Reported by Astrand and Holmgren. But, comparing the cardiac output per body weight, no difference was found among those different populations.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
T. Yamada, S. Sato, T. Tsuji, I. Yoshimura, Y. Miyake, H. HasekawaArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 185-191
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal variation of basal metabolism (BM) and resting metabolism (RM) was studied on four girl students in a tennis club and four ordinary girl students in the Kyoto woman's university and the sex difference in the metabolism was discussed by comparing this with the result reported previously (the report I). The result obtained are as follows: 1) Average value of BM throughout the whole year was 34.4 Cal/m^2/hr in female athletes, being higher than that of female nonetheless (30.8Cal/m^2/hr). This average value of BM was 12% lower than that of male athletes, and 15% less in female nonetheless than that of male nonetheless. 2) BM and RM were increased in winter and decreased in summer. The extent of this seasonal variation in BM amounted to about 15% for female athletes and 17% for female nonathletes in comparison with the annual mean value. 3) The metabolism showed the lowest level in the temperature range of 20-25℃ for both athletes arid nonathletes, and below this range it was increased significantly. 4) This seasonal change was demonstrated to be due exclusively to an alteration of metabolism of internal organs. The skeletal muscle in female would apparently not undergo a metabolic change in accordance with seasons so much as male.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
Atsumi Katsube, Sekizo Harada, Sayoko GotoArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 193-200
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research aimed at the analysis of the changes in the pulse rate caused by the various types of exercise load given to infants, and discussed the best type of physical education for the infants. The pulse rate was measured by the method of a phototube (1) at their complete rest, (2) soon after exercises, and (3) on the process of recovering from the tiredness. The results were compared according to "age" and "type of exercise." The conclusion was that infant's pulse rate often decreased remarkably soon the after exercises rather than when they were resting. Younger infants showed more tendency of this kind and the harder the exercise load was the more remarkably this tendency had been observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Noboru NiwaArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 201-206
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were performed to investigate the muscle strength ratios and the maximum strengths exerted at 2 joint angles of elbow flexion and elbow extension. The subjects were 5 healthy males from 22 to 31 years old. Following results were obtained: 1.The maximum voluntary isometric muscle strength varied according to respective joint an9les. 2. The maximum strength was recorded when angles were 90° in elbow flexion and 40° to 80° in elbow extension. 3. The muscle strength ratios in both actual and calculated values were almost identical.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Akio Miyaj, Aiyoshi Kawahata, Fumio Yoshioka, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Tamo ...Article type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 207-213
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is our main interest to examine how the sexual maturation relates to the development of motor ability in girls. The samples used in this study were as follows; Junior high school samples; 442 girls of first, second and third grades in some girls' junior high school in Kyoto urban area. Senior high school samples; 616 girls of first, second and third grades in some girls' senior high school in Kyoto urban area. To attain the data of their first menstruation, the questionnaire was used, and this procedure was used twice because of securing a certain high reliability. To measure their motor ability, the Sports Test Battery constructed by Ministry of Education was administered to them in May 1969. Then, the average and standard deviations were computed in all items to the average. For processing these data, the samples were classified into the following three groups in terms of the date of first menstruation; a. fast maturation group; 9 to 11 years old, b. average maturation group; 11 to 13 years old, and c. late maturation group; 13 to 15 years old. Then the averages of sports test battery items were computed and diagramed in each maturation group. As to the static muscular strength, which is tested in grip strength and back strength, it is observed that both fast and average maturation groups showed a certain degree of constant tendency of development after the occurrence of menses but the late maturation group shows the tendency of development for only one year after the occurrence and then decreases in development gradually. As for other abilities, same tendency was observed. For processing the data, FACOM 230〜60 in Kyoto University Data Processing Center was used.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
E. Nakamura, Y. MatsuuraArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 215-222
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious kinds of the fundamental or general motor ability test battery have been published for different age levels. Most of them, however, have not been examined so precisely on validity of the test. Therefore, twenty eight test items, which have been thought and used to test the motor ability, were picked out. These twenty eight test items are thought to cover all aspects if motor ability; physique, organic functions, fundamental motor elements, and fundamental motor skills, as L.A. Larson listed. Principal factor analysis was aphid to the correlation matrix which was constructed with twenty eight variables which had been administered to 102 senior high school freshmen boys. Then, the tired principal factor was investigated. This factor correlated with most of variables at significant level except the endurance items and this factor had the amount of contribution to the total variance of 7.61043, the degree of contribution of 28%. Therefore, this factor might be interpreted as a basic part of test item of performances. As long as the tests are those of the performance tests, the test items should involve some motor performances. Then, this ability category which the first principal factor means might be a fundamental part of motor ability, because these test items were picked out so as to test the motor ability in general. Thus, the first principal factor was interpreted as the fundamental motor ability factor. This fundamental motor ability factor was estimated by the linear combination of test items in least squared sense. The linear functions of the test items were determined by the short method. Then, the value of these estimation equations were named as the fundamental motor ability score. Emphasizing the practicability and validity five kinds of equation were recommended to use for estimating the FMAS. The validates of these five batteries were better than the sports test battery developed by Ministry of Education to measure the fundamental motor ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Naosaku Iwabuchi, Hiroshi WatanabeArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 223-231
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is the second report of the study appeared in this Journal (Vo1. 12, No. 2, 1968,)under the same title. The purpose of this study was to compile a chart on the regression T-scores of students' motor abilities based on their heights as a standard of evaluation and to utile it for the purpose of encouraging them to participate more willingly in physical education activities. In this study, items were limited to the measurements of 50 meter running, high jumping, and shot put. Following results were obtained: 1.When the total points of T-scores of three measurements were compared to the points of regression T-scores of the whole items, the shorter students tended to gain more points, whereas the taller students reduced their points. 2.The mobilization rate of the students' position in performance evaluation between the one by the total T-score method and the one by the regression T-score method based on height was 50 per cent. 3.If we know the height and motor ability of each individual student, we can locate his position in performance evaluation by both regression T-score based on height and five-ranking criterion of evaluation: 4. 72 per cent of the total boys and 67.2 per cent of the total girls agreed to use this criterion for their evaluation in physical education classes. From there result, the authors recommended to use two variable regression T-score method based on height as a criterion of evaluating students' motor abilities in physical education.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Shigdo Kasai, Takeo Tawa, Msasuke Eda, Naohisa MatsunagaArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 233-237
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aim of this study was to denote the differences in time and motion between exerts and amateurs at the point of starting their fieldings against batted balls. These experiments were intended to be a part of the research in responsive motions in ball games. Analyzing its 16mm films with "Strain Gauge," the conclusions were obtained as follows. 1) Expected in baseball seemed to judge the direction of a ball before da batter hits the ball. On the other hand, the inexpert were seen to adjust after the ball was hit. 2) In the starting motions of the experts, It was observed that the first few steps were short and smooth. But in the other case, the first few steps were much wide, and some markedly ineffective motions could be observed. 3) The defections of start by experts were versatile depending on the course and speed of the ball, but the inexpert could only move to the left or right in one direction.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Akio FunahashiArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 239-246
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis Circuit Training was done using a part of the time of the regular physical education class in a senior high school. The subjects were 40 senior high school boys (Age 16-17), who were grouped into two groups, experimental and control; evenly. Conditions were as follows; I. 6-7 items were picked up in this training. II. Training 3 rounds needed 7 minutes. III. The load was their own body weights. Compared with the effects between the test group and the control group, slight changes could be seen on the form of the body, but as to the function, remarkable changes were observed. They are in baby lift, grip strength (left hand), breath-holding time after exercise, and physical fitness. Even though the training period was increased year by year, as 2 times per week in 1961, 3 timed in 1962 and 4 times in 1963, the effect of the training was the same according to the test.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Hisamitsu KobasigawaArticle type: Article
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 247-251
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of the present study was to determine the relative effects of the speed and amount of models' demonstration performance bn both simple and complex motor tasks with young children. Kindergarten children were randomly assigned to one of the six subgroups of a 2 X 3 (amounts X speeds) experimental design. Depending on the experimental condition, a trained model arranged 40 or 20 marbles at the rate of 30, 24, or 15 marbles par minute; Experiment I (Simple Motor Task) Sixty kindergarten children, 30 boys and 30 girls, served as subjects. The results of Experiment I showed that the speed of the models' performance produced positive effects upon the observers' subsequent performance. The amount of the models' demonstration, however, did not have a significant effect on the observers' performance. Experiment II (Complex Motor Task) Seventy-two kindergarten children, 42 boys and 30 girls, participated as subjects. The results of Experiment II indicated that the amount of the models' performance had positive effects on the observers' subsequent performance. The steed of the models' performance, however, had no effect of statistical significance. In other words, the speed and amount of the observers' performance produced opposite effects in two experiments. Their theoretical implications were discussed in the text.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
Article type: Appendix
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 253-
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (245K) -
Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages Cover13-
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (42K) -
Article type: Cover
1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages Cover14-
Published: March 30, 1970
Released on J-STAGE: December 31, 2016
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (42K)
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