Pathogenicity ar?d immuxaogenicity for mice were compared among eighteen Ery-sipelothrix insidiosa strains which had been attenuated by serial passages on acriflavimtagar culture, and those for pigs among nine of these strains.In the early stage of attenuation, all the original virulent Erysipelothrix insidiosastrains lost their virulence to kill mice. Arthritis occurred to the hind legs in all thesechronically infected mice. In this stage, the attenuated organisms were well propagatedin these mice, autd arthritis was induced constantly by inoculation with even a few dosesof these organisms.With the progress in attenuation, the organisms lost their ability to produce arthritisin mice gradually, although they still retained the immunogenicity for mice which wasdemonstrated by challenge made with a virulent strain ten days after immunization, After further attenuation, these organisms were no longer propagated in mice, aztdlost their immunogenicity completely.Inoculated with the organisms which had constantly caused arthritis in mice, pigsexlxibited clearer "red patches" than those inoculated with the organisms which had notcaused arthritis in mice. They presented no other clinical abnormality during an observa-tion period of fourteen days after inoculation. The red patches disappeared within sevendays. These pigs survived against the challenge with virulent organisms, without mani-testing ar?y clinical symptoms during another observation period of fourteen days.Some of the strains had only a weak activity of producing arthritis in mice, but theysltowed a protection rate of more than eighty percent in mice against challenge with tltevirulent strain. They were proved to vary in degree of red-patch formation and give riseto only an insufficient immune status in pigs.After inoculation with strains which had lost an ability to produce arthritis or reducea protection rate to less than eighty percent in mice, no pigs were found to be immunxeagainst the virulent organisms.Tl?ere was 21 correlation between the immune statu

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The paternity test may be necessary even on pasturing beef cattle in order to clarifythe pedigree of offspring, find out a bull carrying undesirable genes resulting in givingbirth to abnormal calves, and study tlte breeding behavior of bulls in pasture.In this investigation, the efficiency of various blood grouping systems for paternitycases involving two or more bulls was estimated from gene frequettcy data in JapaneseShorthorn cattle. The results actually obtained are shown below.(I) The expected probability of making exclusion for paternity cases involving twobulls by nine systems of red-cell antigens was 0.705, artd that by live protein types was0.490. It increased to 0.850, however, when estimated by the combined use of all tlaesystems.(2) In paternity cases involving more than two bulls, the probability of makingexclusion was calculated from the following formula: P.zP.Cn=1>, where P. is the prob-ability of exclusion in two bulls and n is the number of bulls involved. In pasturingJapanese Shorthorn cows with five bulls, the probability of making exclusion decreasedto 0.522.(3) In nineteen actual paternity cases in pasturing cattle, including three possiblebulls, about 84% of the cases were solved by all the systems combined.

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血液中の尿素は,腎を介して尿中に排泄されるが,一部は消化管に移行して,微生物によってアンモニアと二哉化炭素に代謝されることが知られている,また反劉動物の消化管,ことに反剥胃内の微生物によるアンモニアの利用は,動物の栄養に大きく関与するものと理解されている.本報では,14C一尿素をトレーサーに用い,摂取蛋白質量を異にする成山羊において,血液尿素の代謝回転量を調べるとともに,尿中ヘの尿素の排泄について観察した.観察結果を要約すると,次の通りである.I)静脈内に投与された14C一尿素は,1時間以内で体内にひとしく分布して,平衡に達するものと考えられる.それ以降は,時間の経過とともに,指数関数的に減少した.2)代謝回転による血液尿素の半減時間は1.5~3.6時間で,動物の摂取蛋白質量には影響されないと考えられた.3)動物体内に分布する尿素のスペースは,体重の40~50%に相当し,含まれる尿素量(プール尿素量)は,摂取蛋白質量の増減にしたがって増減した.4)単位時間当たりの尿素の代謝回転量を,プール尿素量と半減時間から求めた.その結果,代謝回転量は,摂取蛋白質量の増減にしたがって増減することがわかった.5)尿素の排泄量は,摂取蛋白質量の増減にしたがって増減した.単位時間当たりの尿素の排泄量は,代謝回転量の50%以下であった.血漿尿素濃度が0.02~0.03mg/mlに低下する低蛋白質飼養の条件下では,排泄量は,代謝回転量の3%に相当するまで低下した.6) 14C一尿素の排泄は,投与後24時間でほぼ完了した.14C一尿素の排泄量は,投与量の50%以下であった.低蛋白質飼養の条件下では,排泄量は,投与量の3~10%に相当するまで低下した.7)尿素の代謝回転は,尿への排泄と,反別胃をはじめとする消化管でおこる尿素の代謝に,原因するものと考えられる.代謝回転量一排泄量一消化管でおこる代謝量 と考えると,体重が14~25kgの山羊において,1日に消化管で代謝される尿素態窒素は,I-11gと計算された.

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FALCK(1962)およびCARLSO等(1962)によって確立された螢光組織化学法を用いて,ニワトリの消化管(食道・嗜のう・腺胃・筋胃・十二指腸・回腸・直腸・盲腸)におけるmonoamincsの分布を追究し,次の結果を得た.catccholamine含有線維(緑色螢光線維)は,観察したすべての消化管の各部で,小動脈壁・筋層および壁内神経叢に見られた.もっとも顕著な特徴は,消化管のすべての部位で,縦走筋層内の壁内神経叢に強または弱発色のCA線維が存在することであった.更に,十二指腸・回腸・直腸および盲腸の粘膜下組織の壁内神経叢においても,強い緑色螢光が見られた,これらの事実は,従来choline作動性と考えられていた壁内神経叢が,adrcna11ne作動性調節を受けることを示唆する,5-hydroxytryptaminc含有細胞(黄色螢光細胞)は,腺胃・十二指腸・回腸・直腸および盲腸の粘膜層のLieberkuehn腺に分布し,enterochrom親和細胞と一致した.粘膜面1mm2当りの5一HT細胞の数は,直腸が最も多かった.一方,食道・嗜のうおよび筋胃では,5-H丁細胞は認められなかった.rescrpine(3mg/kg)処理後4時間と18時間の標本では,catccholamincの緑色螢光は,全て完全に消失したが,5-hydroxytryptamineの黄色螢光は,一部消失せず残存した.

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熱発作中の1例の自然感染伝貧馬から得た末梢血中の好中球について,電子顕微鏡的観察を行ない,その微細構造の詳細を記載した.そのうち,特に興味ある所見は,次のとおりである.1.核の周辺部に鋭い半円形の陥凹部を有するもの,および核膜の一部が細胞質内に突出して小円形あるいは渦巻状を呈するものが見られた.2.細胞質内には,一般にグリコーゲン顆粒が多い.若干の細胞質内では,それらが集合して明瞭な集塊を形成し,その一部は膜状物で囲繞されていた.3.稀ならずcrythrophagiaが認められた.

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The incidence of infectious nephrosis in young cJticks was first observed in Japan.The first clinical sign of this disease was a whitish or watery diarrhea, with vent featherssoiled by urinary unaterial. This was followed by anorexia, depression, trembling, pros-tration, and deatlt. Few or no respiratory signs were noted. Macroscopic lesions revealedmarked nephrotic changes in the kidney with the ureter swollen by heavy deposits ofuric acid.Infective agents were isolated from kidney lesions caused by inoculatior? with theallanotic fluid of infected embryonating eggs. Of them, one designated GN-2, wheninoculated intraocularly into susceptible one-day-old chicks, produced such typical kidneyIesions as found in field cases of nephrosis. When exposed to the infection by contactwith chickens inoculated with Late GN-2 isolate, one-day-old chicks presented similarclinical signs and Iesions. Fatality was higher in one-day-old chicks than 4- to 10-week-oldchicks. That agent was recovered from the kidney lesions of chicks which died.The allantoic flvuid harvested from second-passage eggs passed through rmilliporefilter GS (220 mp). The resulting filtrate caused similar lesions in one-day-old chicks.The Iesions evoked by agent GN-2 in embryor?ating eggs were dwarfing and curlingof the embryo and increased in severity with the advance in passage. Identification andcharacteristics in tissue culture of this agent will be mentioned in a paper to be publishedin the next number of this jotzrnal.

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