The present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the motor activities of thelarge intestine of fowls. Abdominal windows and balloons were employed in the ob-servations.l. The antiperistaltic waves start from the boundary portion between the colon (con-taining rectum) and the cloaca, and pass up the colon. Some of them spread to thececa and travel along the ceca to the Apex ceci. As a rule the antiperistalsis of the colonpropagate to the right and left cecum alternately.In the colon antiperistalsis occur at intervals of 5.6 to 6.3 seconds under unrestrainedcondition.2. The peristalsis which begin in the Apex ceci proceed down the ceca, but they donot enter the colon. Beside the above mentioned peristalsis, another type of peristalticmovements start from the Apex ceci.A marked difference between both types was found in the fact that the latter pro-ceeds to the anal end of the colon. The contractions are more vigorous and the pro-pagations are much more rapid. Tlaerefore, it can be said that this movement corre-sponds to the so-called mass peristalsis in the large intestine of the rabbit.The mass peristaltic waves in the fowl occur in both sides of the cecum at tlae sametime, and they propagate to the colon as a single wave. The mass peristalsis take placeat intervals of 19 -67 minutes, but under restraint the movements occur with difficulty.3. At the time of the occurence of mass peristalsis, the movement of the cloacaappears simultaneously, and it could not be observed that either of the movements occurindependently.4. The cloaca exhibits peristaltic contractions, which originate in the beginningportion of that organ and proceed to the anal end.The inflation of the balloon inserted in the colon caused the cloaca movennent to-gether with the mass peristalsis in the ceca, and a similar phenomenon was also foundin case of cecal dropping. When the cloaca of the fowl, the colon of which had beencut at the part near the end, was distended in like manner, tlne same activity as thatin the normal bird was observed.From this fact it was confirmed that the peristaltic movement of the cloaca doesnot occur by propagation of the mass peristalsis.5. On the basis of the results described abo

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岬卵5日令で白レグ種の種卵を3群に分け,Thy-roxine群では,Thyroxine10γ(Roche製合成サイロキシン《0.1デざ溶液))を生理食塩水にて50倍に稀釈し0.5cc)を,Thiouracil群では,MethyIThio-uraci11n・)g(中外製薬製メチオジール((2%溶液))を生理食塩水にて10倍に稀釈し0.5cc)を,対照群では生理食塩水0.5ccを卵黄内に-・目注射した.7日令以降鋳化に至るまで,各日令毎に鶏胚を採取し,重量を測定後,DAWSONの方法に準拠してA11-zarinredSによる化骨中心の染色を行い,頭骨を除く各骨の化骨の進展状況を比較観察した.Thyroxine群の鶏胚平均重量は,12口令を除き,10日令以後の各日令において,対照群のそれ上りも大であった.また,Thiouracil群の鶏胚平均重量は,10日令以後,対照群のそれより4)一様に少いが,統計学的に有意差の認められたのは16日令以後であった.化骨中心の発現数は,平均重-量の場合と,ほぼ同じ傾向を示した.即ち,Thyroxine群の化骨中心の発現数は10口令以後,対照群のそれよりも多く,他方Thiouracil群の化骨中心の発現数は,15日令以後,対照群との間に有意差を示し,対照群より少なかった.要するに,Thyroxineは鶏胚の化骨中心の発現を促進し,Thiouracilはそれを遅湘:ぜしめたといえる.ただし,Thyoxine群,Thiouracil群は共に,化骨中心の発現順序においては,対照との間に差異を示さなかった.なお,Thyroxine群では,20日令で卿化したものが2例,Thiouracil群では,25日令及び26日令で岬化したものが,各々1例あったが,それらの化骨中心の発現数は,21日令及び22日令で,正常に岬化したと思われる対照群の化骨中心の発現数と同じであった4

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The authors have already reported a survey on the incidence of Iarval lung-flukes, Paragonimus ohirai, in Sesarma dehaani collected from the Xlaruyama River, in HyogoPrefecture.In the present study, immature P. ohirai obtained from the abdominal cavity ofwhite rats 15 to 24 days after their infection by metacercariae, were transplanted intothe peritoneal cavity of uninfected rats. It was the purpose of this work to producerats harboring a known number of these lung-flukes, as well as to gain a better under-standing of the biological natures of these implanted flukes and the course of the infec-tion in the experimental hosts.The experiment was made on a total of 15 adult white rats exposed, individually, to from l to 4 young adult worms : of these, five received 1 worm each, five received 2worms each, three received 3 worms each and two received 4 worms each. These ani-mats were killed between the 21st and 97th days after the infection, and the distributionof the adult worms and worm cysts in the host was examined macroscopically andmicroscopically.The results obtained are as follows(l) The number of young adult worms recovered from the lungs and pleural cavityof the hosts as adult worms, namely, the rate of infection by these implanted flukes, was 100% with the exception of rat 14 as shown in Table I.(2) In the rats individually exposed to only one young adult worm, all of theimplanted flukes remained free in the pleural cavity of the host without invading intothe lung tissue, throughout the entire period of the investigation. Therefore, in theseaninnals no clear evidence of elimination of the eggs in the feces, or their entry intothe cavity formation in the lungs, were observed. On the other hand, in the rats indi-vidually exposed to from 2 to 4 young adult worms, all of the implanted flukes enteredinto the lung tissue of the host, where they formed the typical worm cysts. These ratsalso began to pass the eggs in their feces between the 18th and 37th days after the in-fection by immature P. ohirai.(3) The implantonce or twice, the peak egg count throuughout the entire period of the investigation, asshown in Fig. 2 to 4. The first peak egg count (2, 850 to II, 250EPG) occurred betweenthe 4th and 16th days, and the second one (3, 816 to TO, TOO F, PG) between the 19th and31st days after the beginning of patency. As soon as the fecal egg production reacheda peak, it rapidly fell to a low level of between O and 183 eggs per gram of feces.(5) It is suggested, therefore, that the transitory decrease in the egg count to nega-tive or near negative may be connected with a removal of the dwelling place of theimplanted flukes in the lungs of their hosts.EXPLANATION or PLATESPlate I1=3. Showing the morphology of the young adult worms of P. ohirai used in the experiment.1. Young adtnlt worm from the alcdominal cavity of a rat 15 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.225 by 0.118 rum.2. Young adult worm from the abdominal cavity of a rat 20 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.338 by 0.170mm.3. Young adult worm from the abdominal cavity of a rat 24 days after infection by meta-cercariae, mounted specimen. 0.388 by 0.195 mm.4?13. Showing the distribution of the worm cysts in the lungs of rats which had received a youngadult worm of P. ohirai, respectixxely. (No cavity formation was observed in the lungs of any ofthese rats as shown in the photographs.)4. Cross section of the left lung of rat 1.5. Cross section of the right lung of rat 1.6. Cross section of the left lung of rat 3.7. Cross section of the right lung of rat 3.8. Cross section of the left lung of rat 6.9. Cross section of the right lung of rat 6.10. Cross section of the left lung of rat 7.11. Longitudinal section of the right lung of rat 7.12. Cross section of the left lung of rat 8.13. Cross section of the right lung of rat 8.14?23. [the rest omitted]

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Previously, the authors reported""" the pathogenicity, immunity and distribution ofthe infectious canine hepatitis (H.c.c.) virus, in Japan.The results obtained in the present study with the D43 and D78 strains of the virusof the disease in dog kidney tissue culture were as follows.J) TCID5. of the fluid phase, at various passage levels, were in the range of TO "to 10 . Both strains neutralized each other in the cross-neutralization test. The neutrali-zation test, in tissue culture, proved to be the most useful and sensitive methods for thediagnosis of H.e.c.2) The studies on the complement-fixing antigen, the hemagglutinating propertyand the infective virus in vitro (initial inoculum : 2000 to 6000 TCID5g) indicated thatthe infective fiter increased on the 2nd day accompanied by the inclusion bodies, reachedthe maximum Liter on the 5th or 6th day after virus inoculation, and after that, re-mained at the same level with slight fluctuations. On the other hand, the complement-fixing antigen was first detected on the 2nd day after inoculation, when a cytopathogeniceffect appeared. And then the complement-fixing antigen Liter increased continuouslyreaching ]:16 on the 6th or 7th day after the virus inoculation.3) The effects of various temperatures on the xirus were studied. It was foundthat the infectivity of the virus was destroyed by hcating at 50C for 150 minutes or60C for 3 -5 minutes. At 37C both viruses were inactivated until the 26th and 29thday after inoculation, respectively. The virus was infective to tissue culture when heldat the frozen state with dry ice for l year or at 4C for 9 months. At room tempera-lure the virus kept its infectixzity for 10 to 13 weel<s.4) Stability of the virus at 37C was studied. The results indicated that the corn-plement-fixing antigen, hemagglutinating property and its infectivity were stable, in turn, at this temperature.5) The viruses, at various passage levels, were inoculated into dogs to test theirvirulence. Between the forty-first and forty-fourth passages, the

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高木1),及び古賀2)は妊婦尿中の蛙υl′精誘起物質はICSHであると言う.蛙の排精はエビネフリン,ヒスタミン,牛糞抽出物3・4・5)に依っても起されICSHのみによる固有の特異反応ではない.-・方に於て畦下垂体の浮澹液又はアセトン粉末も排精を起す7).HOUSSAYは牛,犬,豚,モルモット及び猫の下垂体浮澹液は,ひきがえるの排精と起さないが,ラットと兎のそれは排精を・起すと言う6).著者の実験によれば以下報ずるように,2,3の家畜の下垂体から製作したアセトン粉末の食塩水溶液は蛙の排精と誘起した.他方に於て蛙の下乗体は鼠の生殖腺を刺激しなかった.このような咄乳類と蛙の下垂体物質の作用の相互関係についての2,3の実験結果と共に,蛙下垂体の排精誘起能の季節的消長に平行して著明な消長?示す細胞を観察したので報告する.1.豚,牛,馬の下乗体腺葉のアセトン粉末の食塩水溶液は蛙の排精を誘起した.それ等の閾値は同種蛙の下垂体を同様処理したものの200~3,000倍であった(tab1el,2).2.繁殖期5月に採集した蛙下乗体20~106ケは,マウスの生殖腺を刺激せず,87ケは,ラットのそれを刺激しなかった(table3).3, 13~20MU0)HCGを幼若マウスに6~9回に分割注射し第6口に殺した腎上体の組織標本に於ては,古マウス5例共にX;1-IFは消失し髄膜の形成せられていること′k観察した.然るに,5月の畦の下垂体45ケを同様分割注射した出マウスに於てはX帯は残存し髄膜は形成されなかった.2.と3.とより,蛙下垂体中の排精誘起物質と,HCGまたは家畜下垂体腺葉中のそれとの間には何等かの差異のあることが思考される(table4,5).4.蛙下乗体腺葉の組織標本に於て,trichrome染色で紫色を呆し,著明なフクシン好性顆粒を有する細胞(以下紫細胞と略)の消長が畦下垂体の排精誘起能の季1′ij的消長と一致する所から,この細1泡が蛙の排精を・起す内因的要素を含むものであると思考される(table6).紫細胞のフクシン好性穎粒は,R6na等10)による過マンガン酸カリと硫酸等量混液で酸化後はフクシン好性を失った.また酸化後,クロム・ヘマトキシリン好性を示すことは祝床下部の分泌顆粒と類似し興味あることである.

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伝貧の一診断法として伊太利のALTARA,SERRA,GUARINIにより報告された神体結合反応を本邦の伝貧馬並に非伝貧馬血清に応用し,その診断的価値を検討した.本法は1953年,最初に発表されて以来反応術式,抗原調製法等が数回に-1-[[つて原著者等により修正されたが,これらの方法に従って実施した実験から現在迄に得られた成績を要約して報告する61)本邦各地の伝貧検診馬血清765例に就いて口本診断基準による成績と,本反応の成績を比較した処,陽性反応はイ云貧馬と診断された30例中8例(272の及び非伝貧馬と診断された735例中72例(10%)に見出され,病馬群に陽性率が高い傾向はみられたが画法の成績はー・致しなかった(Tablel)。2)由来の異なる伝貧馬(豪俊系2例,Wyom-ing系1例)から抗原を作り,伝貧馬として殺処分された自然感染馬の血清36例に就いてこれら3抗原の反応成績を比較した.その結果,各抗原共概.ね-・致する反応成績を示し各抗原の陽性率は概ね50%であった(Table2,3).次に,健康馬並に非伝貧馬で破傷風に罹ど.゛.(l塔死した馬の各牌臓から抗原を調製し,伝貧馬並に健康馬の各血清に就いて反応を実施し,伝貧馬抗原による反応成績と比較した処,イ云貧馬抗原が若干強い反応を示す傾向は認められたが他の非伝貧馬抗原も陽性血清に対し同様に反応するのを認めた(Table4).従って抗原は本病ウイルスに関係なく非特異因子によるものと考えられる,3) ALTARAらから分与を受けた抗原を用い,人工感染馬,健康馬各10例(これら血清は伊太利に送付し7ALTARAらに依っても調べられた)に就いて血清稀釈法,補体稀釈法等を実施して反応の特異性を量的に検討した.その結果,反応は概ね伝貧馬に強く現れる傾向は認められたが,健康馬も高率に反応する所見を得,然も反応の強かった血清は何れも抗キ1-1j体作用が強く,猶伝貧馬は健康馬より強い作用を示す傾向か窺れた(Table5).従って1.52≦高張食j′j1i(液による斯かる血清の非働化法は血清の抗補体作用を除去するに充分でないと思われる.更に,本反応が所謂抗原抗体反応に起因するものかどうかを検討する目的で上記材料の中ALTARAらによって行われた反応の成績が特に強陽性であった病馬血清,並に陰性であった健康馬血清の夫々に就いて反応企詳細に観察したか両血清間には抗補体作用の著しい差がみられ,然もこの差は抗原2加えた場合の溶血阻止価に於ける両血清間の差と大差ないものであった.従ってALTARAらの抗原を以てしても陽性血清か特に特異的反応を示していると断定することは困難・

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