A pathological investigation was carried out on tenosynovitis with rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon occurring in young and adult broiler chickens. Tenosynovitis has been seen mainly in the gastrocnemius tendon sheath and tended to be chronic in character, showing a proliferation of juvenile fibrous tissue in the subsynovial layer. Complete rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon occurred in eight of 12 young chickens (50-71 days of age). Nodular fibrous thickening in the tendon-muscle junction was observed in fourteen of 16 adult chickens (181 or 235 days of age) and one young chicken. It was associated with partial rupture of the tendon in four of these chickens. The thickening was regarded as a healing process of the partial rupture. Tenosynovitis was regarded as a precursor of rupture of the tendon. Accordingly, tenosynovitis and rupture of the gastrocnemius tendon may be in the same entity of disease. Secondary lesions were observed in the muscle and nerve fibers in the leg.

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Cultured chiken-embryo fibroblasts, infected with either the B-1 or KO strain of Newcastle disease virus, were examined by light, fluorescent and electron microscopy to investigate the morphogenesis of virus and virus-induced host cell alterations. Cytopathic effects produced by Newcastle disease virus consisted of degenerative changes in the cells, eosinophilic cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions, and multinucleate syncytia. The eosinophilic inclusions were thought to correspond to fluorescing foci or to aggregates of nucleocapsids demonstrable in both cytoplasm and nucleus. The nucleocapsids observed in the cytoplasm and nucleus were identical in ultrastructure and dimensions, and indistinguishable from those contained in virions. Spherical and filamentous viral particles developed at the cell surface by a budding process similar to that described with other paramyxoviruses. During the budding process, the nucleocapsids formed in the cytoplasm were incorporated into virions, whereas the significance of the intranuclear nucleocapsids in viral replication remained to be determined.

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Relationship between the incidence of phosphatic urinary calculi and mineral metabolism was observed in goats fed a high phosphorus diet. A basal diet and alfalfa hay cube were given to 6 goats (group B), and hay cube and a calculogenic diet (the basal diet supplemented with K₂HPO₄) to other 6 goats (group C) for 2 months. Urinary calculi were produced in 5 goats of group C (obstructive urolithiasis in one goat and nonobstructive calculi in 4 goats), but in no goats of group B. Group C presented a higher urinary P level and lower urinary Mg, Na and Cl levels than group B. There was little difference in urinary pH, Ca and K levels between the two groups. Serum mineral levels showed little difference between the two groups, except the inorganic P level which exhibited a transient increase in group C. The serum urea level showed a progressive increase in group C during the experimental period. In balance trials, the retention of Mg, P and K was higher and that of Na lower in group C than in group B. It was confirmed that the dietary supplement of K₂HPO₄ caused some alteration in Mg, Cl and Na metabolism and serum urea level in addition to changes in P and K metabolism. It seemed that especially changes in P, Cl and Mg metabolism might be related to the incidence of urinary calculi in goats.

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Changes in electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate were recorded in dogs during electroacupunctural analgesia (EAA). As the acupunctural point, "B1 23" was used exclusively, because it was the most reliable point to obtain successful and complete acupunctural analgesia. EEG was recorded from four points on the cerebral dura mater by using chronically implanted electrodes. An electrocardiogram was recorded simultaneously with the EEG to know changes in heart rate. EEG recorded during EAA was classified into the following five distinct stages. (1) Electrical excitation stage: When the electric current was applied via needles placed at point "B1 23" with 2-3 Vp-p, predominant waves of EEG were 30-60 Hz with 10-30 μV. These waves were of higher frequency than those of the natural resting stage of the dog. (2) Light analgesic stage: When the stimulating electrical voltage increased to 5-6 Vp-p, predominant waves of EEG showed 13-30 Hz with 10-60 μV. The pattern became synchronized and rhythmical. (3) Deep analgesic stage: When the voltage was raised to 8-15 Vp-p, the dog fell to complete analgesia. Predominant waves of EEG were 13-20 Hz with 50-220 μV. Spindling waves appeared at constant intervals. (4) Maintenance stage: After analgesia appeared all over the body, a maintenance voltage of 8-15 Vp-p was applied as long as needed. In this stage two kinds of waves of 8-13 Hz and 4-8 Hz, respectively, with 50-150 μV were predomitiant. After the stimulating current was turned off, EEG of the recovery stage was also recrded. No significant changes in heart rate could be seen between the resting stage before charging electricity and the deep analgesic stage by electroacupuncture. From the record of EEG and heart rate, the level of consciousness of the dog during complete analgesia caused by electroacupuncture may correspond to that of the drowsy stage in natural or light sleep when a general anesthetic was used.

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Three collective outbreaks of bovine actinobacillosis were observed in Japan during the past ten years. The results of observation are summarized as follows. (1) In Tottori Prefecture, 50 affected cows were reported during a period from 1962 to 1965. Then 35 cows in Hokkaido and 123 in Miyazaki Prefecture were affected during a period from 1975 to 1976. Morbidity was 8.8, 7.1 and 13.8 per cent, respectively. The majority of the affected animals were females of the Japanese Black breed 2 to 10 years old. The disease occurred most frequently in autumn to winter. (2) In the affected cows, marked swelling and abscess developed in the submaxillary, pharyngo-laryngeal, buccal and/or prescupular areas. Discharge of pus from the lesion was observed in some cows. Most of the affected cows recovered after antibiotic or surgical treatment. (3) Six strains of Actinobacillus lignieresii were isolated in pure culture from 6 out of 14 nodular lesions examined. They belonged to serotype 4 or 5. (4) The affected cows had a significantly higher agglutinin titer in serum than healthy ones (P&lt0.001). (5) Histologically, all the nodular lesions contained characteristic eosinophilic sulfur granules.

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Forty fowls supplied by the Breeding Station of Domestic and Jungle Fowls in Nagoya University were examined. The arrangement of the thoracic duct and lumbar lymphatic vessel was investigated in each individual fowl. A basic pattern is drawn from variation of this arrangement. The lymphatic node and the remarkable swelling of the lymphatic vessel (chylous cistern) do not appear between the thoracic duct and the lumbar lymphatic vessel, so that the two lymphatic vessels are observed as a continuous duct, moreover, it makes up a pair of (right and left) large lymphatic trunks which are in communication with each other by several transverse anastomoses. This arrangement shows so-called ladder-form pattern. The thoracic duct always opens into the cranial caval vein and the jugular lymphatic vessel opens into either thoracic duct or cranial caval vein or jugular vein. The subclavian lymphatic vessel opens into either thoracic duct or jugular lymphatic vessel.

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