Es ist eine bekannte und unbestrittene Tatsache, dass das Uberstehen einer einrnaligerErkrartkung an Geflugelpocken spezifische Immunitfit verleilat, oder dass die Gefliigel nachintraven6ser oder subkutarter Einspritzung von vollvirulentem Gefflgelmaterial gegen neueInfektion immun wird. Aber der sichere und klare Nachweis von Antik6rper lm Serumdieser Gefliugel ist nicht immer leicht gelungen worden. In vitro wirksame virulizide An-tik6rper sind bieher nur in hochimmunisierten Sera, die durch mehrmalige Einspritzungvon lebendem Gefliigelpockenmaterial hergestellt worden, von einigen Autoren nachgewiesenworden.Urn den Mecharnismus der Geflfigelpocken-Immunitit, namentlich der hurnorale lm-munitit, mehr klar zu machen, wurden die in vitro Neutralisationsversuche rnit den lm-munsera und ihre Schutzwitku"ng gegen die Gefltgelpocken ausgefnhrt.Die in diesen Versuchen bertutzten Sera vvurden durch intraven6se und subkutaneEinspritzung von vollvirulentem Geflfigelpockenmaterial lnergestellt und die folgendendreiartigen Immunsera waren angevva, ndt : ( 1 ) das vorn Gefliigel nach einmaligem U ber-stehen von Geflfigelpocken entgenommene Serum, (2 ) da, s schwachimmunisierte, durchfflnfmalige Einspritzurtg von lebendem GeflQgelpockenmaterial hergestellte Serum, und (3 )das hochimmunisierte, durch zvvanzig oder noch mehrmalige Einspritzung des Virusmaterialshergestellte Serurn.Zunichst wurden die Einflflsse der Zeitdauer der Neutralisation, der h6heren Wirkun-gsternperatur, 42C, und des Zusatzes des Komplements, wie Meerschwinchen-, Hiihner-und Taubenserum, auf die Neutralisierung des Immunserums gepriift. Die Ergebnisse diesesVersuches zeigten keine Beeinfliissung des Komplements auf die Neutralisation, also wurdenmeine Neutralisierungsversuche durchgeffihrt wie folgt. Die grflndliche Vermisehunggleicher Teile des unverdiinnten Serum (bzw. zur Kontrolle Nail-Unsung oder normalesHiihner- oder Taubenserum) und Virusverdiinnung. Aufbewahrung wihrend 2 -3 Stundenbet 37C und dartach wihrend 24 Stunden lm Eisschrank. Verimp

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Earthworms harboring infective larvae were emulsified and infected to pigs.l. In clinical observation, coughing began between 14 and 24 days after infection.2. Lungworm eggs were detected from the feces over 30 days after infection.3. Among the pathological changes of the lung, petechiae of the whole lung appeared4 to 7 days, spotted infiltration 10 to 14 days, and pulmonary emphysema over 17 days after infection on the inferior border of the diaphragmatic lobe.4. No change was found in other organs.5. These lesions were studied histopathologically.

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Studies were performed on radiation hazard of lecal irradiation applied to the digestivesystem. The P" which had been wrapped with polyethylene film was inserted into fourplaces of the digestive system of the rat by surgical operation. These places were theabdominal subcutaneous tissue, abdomirral cavity, liver, and small intestirue.No remarkable change was caused in rat when the source had been implanted into theabdominal subcutarteous tissue, even though the dose of isotope used for injection wasa lethal one. Intraperitoneal implantation of the source, so as to cover the intestinaltract, gave rise to such typical symptoms as loss in body weight and diarrhea, causingdeath of all animals clue to intestinal injury. In these animals, the effects of irradiation ongeneral symptoms, blood picture, and orgaru weight were studied. The difference in theeffect of irradiatioru between the two types of application, irrtraperitoneal irujection and localimplantation, was discussed.

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The arteries with their anastorruoses in the brain of the fowl were investigated. Specimertswere injected with either Indian ink or neoplen-latex into the Arteria carotis communis. Thoseinjected with Indian ink were fixecl in 10% formalin and those with neoplen-latex werepreserved in concentrated hydrochloric acid in order to remove the tisstues.The results of observation on the arterial supply of the brain surface were essentiallythe same as those obtained by IIOFMANN", SIIIINA and IVIIYATA", and KAKU". Thenomenclature, in Latin and Japanese, of the arteries confirrrned in the present observationand the terminologies used by other authors are shown in Fable l.In this observation, four marked anastomotic branches were confirmed between thearteries in and around the brain (Fig. 1).( 1 ) TWO branches dmverged from thC A. C2LIOt1S cerebralus It the anterior aperture of the parabasal canal. TllC proximal branch was one anastomosing with a branch of the A.facialis. The distal one, which was the A. sphenomaxillaris of WINGSTRAND", connectedwith a branch of the A. ethnnoidalis and a rarrtus of A. facialis and passed further forward.In a few cases, only one branch was given off in place of the two branches and dividedafterward into two rami.( 2 ) The A. carotis cerebralis gave off an anastomotic branch immediately after thecommunication of the left and right Aa. carotides cerebrales. This branch was connectedwith a ramus of the A. ophthalmica externa. It seems that this branch corresponds to theA. ophthalmica interna of STRESEMANN", WINGSTRAND", and ASSENMACHER".( 3 ) The third anastomosis was found in connection witlr the A. ethmoidalis. Thisartery gave off an anastomotic branch after its perforation of the skull. This branch unitedwith a ramus of the A. ophthalmica externa. HOFMANN" suggested that the A. ophthalmicaexterna might supply a considerable amount of blood to the brain arteries of the fowlthrough this anastomosis.( 4 ) Furthermore, the A. ethmoidalis gave off a branch which was connected with aramus of the A. facialis.As mentioned above, the brain arteries formed a kind of arterial cycle in the fowl. Itis probable that the amount of arterial blood which is supplied to the brain is regulatedthrough this cycle. The direction of the blood flow in each branch remains to be clarified.

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Few reports have been made on ascarids parasitic to bears in Japan. The authors thirnkthat no identification of the species of the ascarid ha.s remained proper.The authors collected ascarids from polar bears (Ursus maritimus), sloth bears (Melursusursinus), and Yezo brown bears (Ursus ari;tos yesoensis) kept at the Ueno Zoological Gardens, Tokyo, and iderutified them as Toxascaris transfuga (Rttdolphi, 1819) Baylis et Daubney, 1922.This is the first report on the presence of T. transfuga in Japan.The collected ascarid resembles Ascaris lumbricoides in appearance, although they have abody bending dorsally at its anterior end and possess the apparent eervical alae. The maleis 76.5 to 129mm in length and 1.6 to 2.35mm in width; the female is 153.5 to 228.4mrnin lerngth and 3.1 to 4.0 rum in width. Its egg also resembles that of A. lumbricoides, inappearance, but is larger than the latter. The mean dimesnsion of the egg is 0.083 by0.075 mm. Its morphological characteristics agree with those of T. transfuga described inliterature in the following points : presence of the cervical ala, .e, distribution of the labialpapillae, absertce of the interlabium, distribution of the caudal papillae of the male, formand dimension of the spicules, situation of the vulva, absence of striation around the bodyat the site of the vulva, and structure and dimensiorn of the egg.[rtvalidity of the identificatioru of the species of bear ascarids in some past records inJapan was discussed. It was reported by some authors that ascarids with the apparentcervical alae has been described from a Japanese native Yezo brown bear (Ursus arctos)esoyensi, s) irn Hokkaido. They were erroneously iderttified as A. lumbricoides by such authors, who admitted, however, after the presence of T. transfuga had been proved by the presentauthors in Japaru, that the ascarid they had found in the Yezo brown bear was most likelyT. transfuga.As far as the present authors know, T. transfuga has never been parasitic to the Yezobrown bear. Consequently, as a result of th The origimns and insertions of the muscles of the pelvic limb in the fowl are describedand illustrated. They are shown in the following table and figures.MuscularNumber"114Muscular Name"M. sartoriusM. tensor fasciae IataeM. biceps femorisOriginProcc. spinosi of V. T. Vll to V. L.Ill and antero-medial border ofi[ium facing them.Antero-medial border of ilium atthe level of V. L. 111 to V. L. Vlll.Medial border of ilium ai the levelof V.L. IX to V. Cd. III (Cristafranversa and Crista iliolaferalis).Some fibers come from posteriorportion of ischium, which is theorigin of 1 1 8A.lnseriicnAntero-medial portion of mediapatellar crest.Spreading over knee, antero-lateral border of patellaOnto the tendons of 125 and 126. M. semirendinosusOriginLong but narrow portion of ischium, inferior to Crista iliolcteralis. Somefibers come from the origin of1j8A, which is posterior portionof i sc h i u m.nsertionThrough Iigamentous joop (KAUPPsbiceps band), flbular tubercle nearproxirnal end of flbula.l 1 8A] 18B1191 2OA1 2OB1 211 221 231 241 251 261 27M. semimembranosusM. semjnvembranosusaccessoriusM. gracilisM. glureussuperflcialis, ParsanteriorM. gluteussuperflcjajis, ParsPosteriorM. gluteus mediusM. gluieus prcfunclusM. quadriceps femorisThis J11USCJ8 is dividednto 1 24, 325, 126, ..d 127.M. recfus femorisM. vostus lateralisM. vastus internmedlusM. VQSYUS mecliallsM. pectineusOne head from posterior portionof ischium and venrral part ofApex iliacus posterior ; the otherhead from Procc. iransversarii ofV. Cd. J and II.From the tendinous rcphe, theinsertion of 1 1 8A.Postero-laieral border of ischium, posfericr fo the origin of 136 andinferior to that of 132.Aniero-[aiera[ border of ilium.Dorsal portion of ilium, [ust belowCrjs?a rransversa and superior toAcetabulum.Fovea iliaca dorsalis of ilium.Aniero-lateral border of ilium, ustposiericr to the origin of l20A.Aniero-mediaj surface of femur. [the rest omitted]

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現在わが国において,豚丹毒予防液の力価試験は,マウスを用いて行なわれている.マウスによる力価試1験の成績が,この予防液を豚に応用した場合の豚の免疫度を正確に表わしているかどうかは疑問である.われわれは,III報まで,豚を用いて,予防液力価試験のための種々の基礎実験を行ない,その結果,従来困難とされていた豚丹毒ワクチンの力価試験が可能となった.そこで,これを応用して,マウスおよび豚を用いた力価試験の比較を行ない,現行国家検査の適否を検討した.まずマウス防御率(SSM)がほぼ0,50,90,100%のワクチン10種を作成し,これらについて,マウスおよび豚の力価試験の比較を行なった.豚の力価試験は,II工報で述べた方法にしたがい,各ワクチンにつき2頭ずつを使用した.第1回試験においては, SSMとかなり密接な関係を有する豚防御率(SSS)が得られた. すなわちSSMO%のワクチンは,SSSもほとんど0%を示した.またSSM約50%のものは,2頭中1頭は,体温の上昇がなかったが,ワクチン未接種の対照豚とほとんど同様の攻撃反応を呈し,わずかな免疫が言忍められた.SSM93%ワクチンでは,SSM50%のものものよりやや軽度であったが,相当強度の攻撃反応がみられ,マウスと豚の力価試験の成績は,やや食い違うようであった.SSM100%の2種ワクチン′は,SSSもほとんど100%を示した.第2回試験は,SSM93~100%の6種のワクチンについて実施した.その結果,SSM100%の市販ワクチンは,SSSもほとんど100%であったが,他の5種のワクチン(SSM93~97%)のうち3種では,2頭中1頭がほとんど無反応で耐過し, SSMに近い結果を得た.残りの2種は,SSMよりも低いSSSを表わし,豚に対して敗力が劣ることがわかった.要するに,マウスに対する抗原性が,SSM100%のワクチンよりやや劣るもののうちには,豚に対する抗原性が低いものがあるので,ワクチン作成のために使用する菌株については,豚に対する抗原性を確認する必要があることを示唆する成績が得られた.一般にSSMとSSSとは,おおむね一致し,現行の国家検査の適性が認められた. 1935年,著者の一人山本は上野動物園の紅鶴、・(Flamingo,PhoenicoPterusruber)から強毒の鳥型結核菌を分離した21); この菌を用いて種々の実験を行ったが,特に著者等の注目をひいたのは鳥型結核菌.の家兎に対する病原性であった.家兎に一定量以上の鳥型菌を接種すると1888年YERSIN23)によってはじめて記載された所謂YERSIN型結核症(以下Y型と略称)を惹起する. この型の特徴は1ケ月以内の短い経過と,肉眼的な結節形成がなく肝,牌の腫脹を呈することで,結核菌によ る敗血症と考えられて居る4・5・20).一方少量菌の接種によって家兎が1ケ月以上生存すると所謂 VIL-LEMIN型(以下V型と略称)とよばれる全身粟粒結核症を惹起する.更に家兎が長期間にわたって生存すると多発性の関節結核の発生が見られると云われる5).著者等はFlamingo株の種々の菌量を用い,種々の経路から家兎を感染させ,その病型を観察した21).その内静脈内接種を行ったものでは接種量に応じてY型からV型,更に関節病変を伴う慢性のv型に到る種々な病型が得られた.Y型とV型を比較した際最も注目をひいたのは両型に於ける病変と菌分布の差異で,Y型に於ては肉眼的な結節形成は認められないが,肝・牌・骨商の組織標本には大単核細胞及び巨細胞から成る無数の細脂集策が見られ,之等の細胞内には無数の菌が放射状の配列を呈して認められる.Y型に於では肺及び腎の病変は極めて軽度で菌もまた少い.之に対し慢性のV型では病変は肺,腎に限局し,Y型に於て高度の病変を呈した肝・牌・骨髄は変化が軽度で,菌も肺,腎に多数証明される様になり,肝・牌・骨髄では極めて少数となる.臨床的にはY型では経過中容易に証明し得る程度の菌血症が存在し,著明な発熱や貧血,末期には黄直が認められ,ツベルクリン皮内反応(以下ツ反応と略称)は陰性に終る.之に対しV型では,経過中間歇的に菌血症が証明されるに過ぎず,発熱も著明でなく,接種後3週間を過ぎるとツ反応は陽転する,この様な同一菌の接種量の差異によって惹起されるY型とV型の間の著しい相違,特にY型とV型では病変占坐部位及び菌の分布が全く逆転して居ることに注目し,家兎を用いて一連の実験を行ったが,第1報としてY型の経時的観察の結果を記載する予めツ反応が陰性であることをたしかめた32頭の白色家兎にFlamingo株培養0.1mg/kgを静脈内に接種した.内5頭は接種前3日間にわたって毎口52≦或いは2.5%の墨汁を静脈内に注入し網内系とY型に際して出現する病巣細胞との関係を知ろうとした.接種後30分から21日に至る間に1日乃至3日間隔て家兎を殺し,肝・牌・骨髄・腸間膜淋巴節・肺・副腎・及び腎の小川法12~16)に準じた定量培養を行って臓器内の生菌数を測定し,又殺直前の末梢血を採取して直接小川培地上に流し定量的に菌数を測定した. [後略]

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