Over a period of 1966 to 1976, a serologic survey was performed on the serum samples of native and imported horses raised in Hokkaido and Tokyo. No hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibodies against the subtype 1 (Prague strain) and the subtype 2 (Miami and Tokyo strains) of equine influenza (EI) virus were detected in any of the sera from 587 native draft horses throughout the observation period. When examined by the HI test over a period of 1966 to 1970, 28 native racing horses had no such antibodies. Twelve and 16 (55 and 73%) of 22 native racing horses tested in 1972 and 1973, respectively, and 67 (72%) of the 93 native racing and riding horses tested in 1976, had HI titers of 1:8 to 1:512 against the strains. Of 80 imported racing horses tested over a period of 1966 to 1970, 48 (60%) had positive titers for the Prague strain and 23 (29%) for the Miami strain. Almost the same percentage was recognized against each of the strains in 28 imported horses tested in 1972 and 1973. In 1976, 12 to 14 (67 to 78%) of 18 imported horses were reactive in positive titers to the strains. These results indicated that there had been a marked difference in the antibody response of racing and riding horses between the time before and the time after the first outbreak of EI infection in 1971.

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Infectivity, hemagglutination (HA) activity and complement-fixation (CF) activity of feline parvovirus (FPV) were investigated with 11 strains of the virus. The peaks of infectivity, HA activity and CF activity were observed similarly at a buoyant density of 1.32-1.35 g/ml in CsCl gradient. The eleven strains of FPV had the same CF antigenicity and were not distinguished from one another. Both infectivity and HA activity were affected with potassium periodate (KIO₄) and formaldehyde. Since a receptor for viral hemagglutinin on the porcine erythrocyte was inactivated almost completely by trypsin, KIO₄ and α-amylase, and to some extent by formaldehyde, it was supposed to have the same character as a glycoprotein. The agglutinability of erythrocytes by the virus was reduced when treated with neuraminidase as well.

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Chicken skeletal myoglobin purified by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography revealed heterogeneity, showing three myoglobin bands by acrylamide disc gel electrophoresis and two precipitin lines by double immunodiffusion against anti-chicken skeletal myoglobin; the one fused with the line formed with a major myoglobin (Mb I) and the other fused with the line formed with one of minor myoglobins (Mb II). The skeletal Mb II was not identical to Mb I in immunochemical reaction. Two precipitin lines identical to Mb I and Mb II were formed in all the limb muscles diffused against the anti-skeletal myoglobin, except that the mm. adductores, the red portion of m. pectoralis superficialis, the cardiac and the gizzard muscle formed a single line fusing with the line formed with Mb I. The white portion of m. pectoralis superticialis and the m. pectoralis profundus did not cross-react with the anti-skeletal myoglobin. Myoglobin concentration determined for Mb I and Mb II by single radial immunodiffusion was undetectable in the white m. pectoralis superficialis and extremely low in the m. pectoralis profundus. In the pelvic limb muscles, a significantly large amount of Mb I was contained in the mm. vastus intermedius, adductores, gastrocnemius caput mediale and tibialis posterior, which contained an extremely small amount of Mb II or no Mb II, whereas the mm. biceps brachii, triceps brachii, biceps femoris and semimembranosus with a significantly small amount of Mb I contained Mb II in a high level. There was a negative correlation between the contents of Mb I and Mb II in the individual limb muscles. The cardiac and the gizzard muscles contained only Mb I in relatively high level, and in extremely large amounts, respectively. These quantitative results were consistent with the observation with the immunochemical reaction. Thus, Mb II seemed to be a specific component contained only in the skelefal muscle.

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Bacteriophage typing was made on 221 strains of coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from dogs by use of the N.C.T.C. and bovine phage sets. Of these strains, eleven (5.0%) were typable by the former and ten (4.5%) by the latter. The typable strains were distributed mainly in groups I, II and III. All of them produced yellow pigment, but none of them were white-pigment producers, which were predominant in canine staphylococci and susceptible to some phages. No special relationship was observed between the source of strains and the phage pattern. Thus, the existing two phage sets were concluded to be useless for the typing of canine staphylococci.

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未妊娠雌羊5頭を用い, 冬季飼料(16日間)から春の牧草(14日間), ついで再び冬季飼料(7日間)へと急に転換し, 無機質のバランス実験を行った. 各期それぞれ体重kgあたりほぼ一定量の飼料を与え, 毎日の無機質の摂取量, 糞および尿への排泄量から, Mg代謝に対する他の無機質代謝の関係を検討した. 1. 毎日消費した飼料の組成を分析した結果, 牧草給与のとき, 粗蛋白, 粗脂肪および粗繊維の量には, 冬季飼料給与のときと, ほとんど差がなかったが, 無機質と可溶無窒物には差があった. 春の牧草にはKが著しく多く, Ca, Mg, PおよびNaが少なかった. 2. 冬季飼料から春の牧草に転換すると, Ca, PおよびMgの糞および尿への排泄率が増加し, 負のバランスを示した. この結果, Mgと無機Pの血清濃度は有意に低下したが, Ca濃度は低下しなかった. また春の牧草から冬季飼料に戻すと, Ca, MgおよびPは再び正のバランスを示し, Mgと無機Pの血清濃度は始めの値に復帰した. 3. 糞および尿へのKおよびNaの排泄が増加し, それらのバランスはある程度減少したが, KとNaの血清濃度は変化しなかった. 4. 牧草給与のとき, Mgの糞への排泄量と, Ca, P, NaおよびKの糞への排泄量との間に, またMgバランスとCaおよびPのバランスとの間に, また尿Mgの排泄量と尿Caの排泄量との間に, 有意の正の相関が認められた. 5. これらの成績は, CaとMgの糞, 尿への排泄およびバランスの間に密接な平行関係があったことを示唆している. 本論文の要旨は第81回日本獣医学会(1976年4月, 東京)で報告した.

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6価クロム化合物(重クロム酸カリウム)の細胞毒性におよぼす各種金属化合物(硫酸銅, 硫酸亜鉛, 硝酸カドミウム, 酢酸鉛および亜セレン酸ナトリウム)添加の影響を, HeLa細胞を用いて, 処理後の増殖率および細胞内クロム含量から比較検討した. 1. 重クロム酸カリウム0.5μg/ml (1.7μM)を単独処理した3日後の細胞増殖率は, 対照の約60%であったが, 硫酸銅0.4μg/ml (1.6μM)あるいは2.0μg/ml (8μM)と併用処理した場合, それぞれ約80%の増殖率を示した. また硫酸銅2.0μg/ml併用処理は, 高濃度の重クロム酸カリウム(1.0μg/ml, 3.4μM)の増殖抑制効果に対しても著明に拮抗した. 銅以外の金属化合物では, 試験した濃度(硫酸亜鉛, 0.4-40μg/ml, 1.4-140μM; 硝酸カドミウム, 0.0016-1.0μg/ml, 5.2nM-3.2μM; 酢酸鉛, 0.08-10μg/ml, 0.21-26μM; 亜セレン酸ナトリウム, 0.0008-0.1μg/ml, 4.6-580nM)で著明な増殖の回復は認められなかった. 2. 重クロム酸カリウム1.0μg/ml (3.4μM)単独処理9時間後の細胞内クロム含量は, 約0.16μg/10⁶cellsであったが, 硫酸銅2.0μg/mlとの併用処理では約0.10μg/10⁶ cellsを示し, 約4O%の減少が認められた. 銅以外の金属化合物との併用処理(硫酸亜鉛40μg/ml, 140μM; 硝酸カドミウム0.008μg/ml, 26nM; 酢酸鉛2.0μg/ml, 5.3μM; 亜セレン酸ナトリウム0.1μg/ml, 0.58μM)でもクロム含量の減少傾向が認められたが, 硫酸銅のそれに比較すると小さかった(約15%以下). 3. 酢酸銅, 硝酸銅あるいは塩化第二銅(銅濃度として8μM)と重クロム酸カリウム1.0μg/mlとを併用処理した場合, 9時間後の細胞内クロム含量をクロム単独処理群のそれに比較すると, 40-50%の減少を示した. 上記の成績から, 銅化合物はHeLa細胞のクロム取込みを抑制し, これが6価クロムの細胞毒性の軽減と密接な関係を有するように考えられた.

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Ultrastructural alterations in skeletal muscle fibers were electron microscopically studied in rats forced to run on the tread mill until "all-out". When they were mild and limited to relatively small areas, the reconstruction of filaments ensued within 10 days without infiltration of cells. When they were severe and extensive, phagocytes infiltrated in the lesions and removed degenerative sarcoplasmic debris from muscle fibers. A little later, myoblasts appeared and regeneration was accomplished in 30 days in much the same manner as in myogenesis.

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Fusobacterium属の選択培地である変法FM培地を用いて牛の第1胃内容液におけるFusobacterium のspeciesを検討した. 牛肝膿瘍の主要原因菌とされているF. necrophorumは分離株54株(46頭)中4株(4頭)で胃液1ml中の菌数は10³～10⁴であった. 分離したspeciesは9種類54株で, F. variumが最も多く得られた. また, F.variumは澱粉質飼料を多量に用いる肥育牛に高率に検出され, 搾乳牛との間に明らかに差がみられ給与飼料との関連性が示唆された.

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