若鶏におけるロイコチトゾーン病の病理組織像を把握し,その本態をよりよく理解する目的で,本研究を行なった.検索材料は,1961年7, 8月に,4カ所の養鶏農家(A-D)で自然発生した,4~6カ月令,白色レグホーン種,雌若鶏であった.18羽の検索例中,16例は殺倒,2例が斃死例である.疫学的には,発病群中の斃死例数が少ないことが注目された.病理組織学的には,多数例(15例)の全身諸組織にわたって,メガロシゾントが認められた.しかも,それらの大部分の例(14例)では,組織反応としての異物巨細胞形成を伴っていた.それらの寄生体数は,4例を除き,概して少数であった.メロゾイトは,3例においてわずかに認められ,メガロシゾントから放出されて,その周辺組織に位置していた.初期シゾントは,わずか2例の肝または牌に少数認められたに過ぎず,間葉性細胞原形質内,あるいは数個の細胞の大きさに集積した微細顆粒として観察された.以上の所見は,既報の幼雛例のそれと比べ,受身病変としての充・出血,水腫,および防衛反応としての間葉性組織増生が,劣勢であった.これは,自然発生例における,宿主の年令差にもとづく感染率の差によるものであろうと考えられた.なお,共存病変として,胚細胞肉腫,コクシジウム感染,漿膜炎,その他の病変が指摘されたが,これらと本病との関連については,深く言及しなかった.

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The effect of a new /3-stimulant, trimetoquinol, 011 skeletal muscle contraction inrabbits was studied in comparison with epinephrine and isoproterenol under pentobar-bital anaesthesia.I) Three 7-stimulants (5 to l0pg/kg i.v.) increased the twitch tension of EDLmuscles and decreased that of SQL muscles when the nerve was stimulated at l Hz. Theseresponses were independent of vascular changes. The effects of trimetoquinol and iso-proterenol were suppressed by prior injection of propranolol, and those of epinephrinewere depressed by propranolol and phentolamine.2) Under infusion of gallamine in F.DL muscle, epinephrine produced anticurare(mediated through the a-receptor) and curare-potentiating (through the p-receptor) ac-tions, and trimetoquinol and isoproterenol caused an increase in twitch tension similarto that in non-treated muscle and curare-potentiating action.In the gallaminized SQL muscle, the three drugs induced a decrease in twitch height, but, in the presence of propranolol, a reversal of the effect was observed with epinephrine andinafewcaseswithiSOPrOteren01, a!1.dtherevcrsalwasantagonizedbyphentolamine.3)Inthechronica11ydenervatedmusdes, thethrcedrugscausedadecreaseinLwitchheightandinmusde tone. These effectsbyepinephrinewereantagonizedbyproprano101andphentolamine, andthosebytheothertwodrugswerediminishedbyproprano101.4)Themechanicalresponscsofskeletalmuscletotrimetoquinolwcrethoughttobecausedthroughtheβ-adrenoceptorfromthercsultsobtainedinthepresentex-periments.β ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? trimctoquinol ?? ?? ?? ??, pentobarbital ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? cpinephrinc, isoprotercnol ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? .1) ?? ?? ;3.. ?? ?? ?? (510μg/kgi.V.)IHz ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ( ?? ?? ) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ( ?? ?? ) ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? . ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? .

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This paper deals with a procedure of purification of three classes of immunoglobulinfrom porcine serum and sows colostrum. The procedure was summarized as follows(Charts 1 to 3).I. For the purification of immunoglobulins IgG and IgM, pooled porcine serumwas treated with (NH4)2804 to a concentration of ? saturation. Then precipitation wascarried out with a DEAF, -cellulose column (anion-exchange chromatography). The step-wise elution entailed tlte use of seven buffers: (J) 0.01 M NaH:P0+ adjusted to pH 7.6with 0.01 M NaOII, (2) 0.02 M NaH.P0. adjusted to pH 6.3 with 0.02 M Na0H, (3) 0.05 MN1H204, (4) 0.1 M N3lH2PO4, (5) 0.15 M NlH2P04, (6) 0.3 M NlH2P04, and (7) 0.4 MNaH, .P0+. IgG was seen in an elution obtained with buffers (l) and (2). This IgG waspurified by chromatography on CM-cellulose (cation-exchange chromatography) and getfiltration on Sephadex G-200. IgM could be obtained with buffers (4) to (6). The proteincontaining IgM was also fractionated by repetition at get filtration three times onSpehadex G-200 using 0.2 M Tris-HCI and 0.15 M Nail buffer (pH 8.1) for purification, From 100 ml of pooled porcine serum, about 675 rug of IgG was collected, and IgMwas estimated to be 117 mg.2. Colostrum was collected from sows for the purification of IgA. Fat was removedfrom the colostrum, which was then subjected to decaseination and delipoproteinization.The whey was fractionated with Sephadex G-200 against 0.2 M Tris-HCI saline buffer(pH 8.1) which had been used for elution. The resultant fraction was then applied to acolumn of DEAF, -cellulose by stepwise elution. The protein that was assumed to be IgAwas eluted with 0.125 M and 0.15 M Tris-HCI buffer (pH 7.4). This crude IgA was fractionated by repetition of get filtration three times on Sephadex G-200 with Tris-HCIsaline buffer (pH 8.1).From TOO ml of colostrum, about 192 mg of IgA was finally collected.3. Antisera were prepared by injection of rabbits with the three classes of immuno-globulin in Freunds complete adjuvant. Alpha- or beta-globulin was seen in ant In recent years, some trials for separating the plasma protein components have beenput in practice by the author33=3) to explain the behavior of transaminases in fowl bloodplasma and their physicochemical properties. As a result, it was pointed out that several components obtained by subfractionationof albumin37) and beta-globulins36) were regarded satisfactorily as carriers of reverse (R)-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), R-alanine aminotransferase (GPT), and reversibleGPT. Several physicochemical determinations laave already been performed to clarifythe properties of these components36?37).On the contrary, it is known that the fairly effective purification of ant active material?on1y for forward (F)-GOT substrate was accomplished as fraction IV-73?35). Moreover, aprotein component with an active fragment of F-GOT has frequently been found in acertain globulin group3?35). Notwithstanding, that fraction has not yet been subjectedto a highly effective purification, because the problem of how to separate and purify itremains unsettled. In order to obtain a basic solution for this problem, it is necessary to?devise a method for systematic separation of blood plasma globulins.The present report deals with a method developed and introduced into practical, application by the author.The results of experiments with this method are summarized as follows.I. On the basis of the relations among several quantities listed in some tables, acomponent distinguishable by disc electrophoresis that had migrated to position 5-b wasobtained by subfractionation from the original fraction, IV-4, as fraction IV-4(d). It wasfound to be F-GOT. Moreover, one of the R-GPT samples existed among the conjugatedprotein components with the relative position, 6-a to b. This conjugated component wasobtained from the original fraction, IV-l, as fraction IV-1(f).2. [the rest omitted]

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In recent years, some trials for separating the plasma protein components have beenput in practice by the author33=3) to explain the behavior of transaminases in fowl bloodplasma and their physicochemical properties.As a result, it was pointed out that several components obtained by subfractionationof albumin37) and beta-globulins36) were regarded satisfactorily as carriers of reverse (R)-aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), R-alanine aminotransferase (GPT), and reversibleGPT. Several physicochemical determinations laave already been performed to clarifythe properties of these components36?37).On the contrary, it is known that the fairly effective purification of ant active material?on1y for forward (F)-GOT substrate was accomplished as fraction IV-73?35). Moreover, aprotein component with an active fragment of F-GOT has frequently been found in acertain globulin group3?35). Notwithstanding, that fraction has not yet been subjectedto a highly effective purification, because the problem of how to separate and purify itremains unsettled. In order to obtain a basic solution for this problem, it is necessary to?devise a method for systematic separation of blood plasma globulins.The present report deals with a method developed and introduced into practical, application by the author.The results of experiments with this method are summarized as follows.I. On the basis of the relations among several quantities listed in some tables, acomponent distinguishable by disc electrophoresis that had migrated to position 5-b wasobtained by subfractionation from the original fraction, IV-4, as fraction IV-4(d). It wasfound to be F-GOT. Moreover, one of the R-GPT samples existed among the conjugatedprotein components with the relative position, 6-a to b. This conjugated component wasobtained from the original fraction, IV-l, as fraction IV-1(f).2. These components were found to be globulin with the same relative position asgamma.-globulins by the use of cellulose acetate electrophoresis"9?33). This result was thesame as obtained from components 4-b and c36).These data lend support to the conclusion that a few gammax-globulins are constantlypresent in fowl blood plasma and that their fractionation can be carried out. It is im-portant to test tavailable are carried only by the GOT group. It became evident that components 5-band 4-c were derixzed from the reaction of transamination with F-GOT and R-GOT, respectively.If relations among several isozymes of R-GPT or CRT-ase36?37) are examined, it willbe noted that the carriers of these isozymes are evenly distributed among several compo-nents obtained from albumin and globulins. This does not necessarily mean, however, all the isozymes show the same distribution.As mentioned above, on certain reverse transaminases, especially those of the R-GPTgroup, these isozymes seem to have an important action. This considration is ttseful, especially when the physiological function of the GPT group is studied.For this reason, it is interesting to obtain more detailed information on this aspectfrom future investigation.

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母豚の初乳から移行抗体(1:320)を得た子豚(convent10nal)3腹29頭を用い,Bordetellabron-chisePticaの感染実験を行なった.このうち,2腹10頭の子豚には,生後5日および6日齢においてB.bronchtisePtica工相菌のトリプトソイ・ブイヨン培養菌液(生菌数1097ml)0.5mlを,また残りの1腹6頭の子豚には萎縮性鼻炎自然例の甲介骨乳剤2mlを鼻腔内接種した.以後,臨床症状,菌の定着性,凝集抗体の推移および病変の発現などについて経時的な検査を行なった.生後13~18週齢の時点において,未接種対照豚を感染豚と同居させ,その感染経過を同様に検討した.成績を要約すると,次のとおりである.1.B.bronchisePtica接種群では,臨床症状は,4~10週令において一過性に認められた.B.broncgisePticaは,接種後1週以内ですべての子豚の鼻腔内に定着したが,16週齢頃より菌数が減少し,22~24週齢において検出不能となった.子豚の移行抗体は5日齢時に1:320を示したが,8週齢まで次第に減少しl:10あるいはそれ以下となった.これと前後して感染による特異抗体が出現した.その凝集抗体価はl:80ないし1:320まで上昇し,29週齢のと殺時まで維持された.2.鼻甲介骨乳剤接種群においては,B.bron一chisePticaは定着せず,Pasteurellamultocidαが一過性に検出された.鼻甲介骨の萎縮は認められなかった.3.生後13~18週齢時に同居感染させた群では,B.bronchisePticaは同居後1週以内で鼻腔内に定着した.凝集抗体価は2週後にl:40ないし1:320を示した.しかしながら症状および甲介萎縮は肉眼的に全《認められなかった.

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わが国において,はじめて発生が報ぜられた放牧牛の低マグネシウム血症について,病理組織学的研究を行ない,そのうち1例については,電子顕微鏡的観察をあわせ行なった.発生は岩手県における2カ所の改良牧野において,1971年の春およ沙秋に別々にみられたもので,いずれも雌の短角種であった.本病の本質的病変として,全身とくに,心筋を含めての筋組織における,血管の変性変化が指摘された.また,牌梁材,動脈壁,筋線維などの,軟組織における石灰沈着が認められた.このほか,全身の臓器組織における新鮮巣状出血,および肝・腎・副腎などにおける新鮮微小巣状の凝固壊死が確認された.電顕的には,筋原線維のZ板を境とする脱落がみられた.変性変化の高度のものでは,筋原線維のフィラメントの消失と,筋漿における小胞体の集積がみられた.低マグネシウム血症における病変については,先人の業績のすべてが軌を一にしているわけではないので,今回の所見と対比しながら,本病の病理発生について,若干の論議を重ねた.

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子牛の第一胃・第二胃の運動発達過程およびこれに及ぼす胃内容要因,とくに第一胃内の固形物と低級脂肪酸との関係について検討した.そのため,種々の物質を投与した第一胃フイステル装着ホルスタイン子牛において,第一胃と第二胃の内圧変化を記録するとともに,一般飼育条件下の子牛において,第一胃運動の発達状況を左服部体表より観察した.これらの結果は次のとおりである.1)子牛の第一胃・第二胃の運動発達過程には,次の5段階があることが明らかとなった.すなわち,(1)第一胃・第二胃ともにその収縮が全く記録されない.(II)第二胃の2段性収縮のみが記録される.(II工)第二胃の2段性収縮のほか,第一胃のA型収縮が記録される. (IV)第一胃の収縮に,A型のほか,まれにB型収縮が認められる.(V)第一胃に成牛なみの頻度で,活発なB型収縮が認められる,2)全乳のほか,乾草と濃厚飼料を自由摂取させた子牛では,3~10週齢でVの段階に達した.これら子牛各個体の第一胃・第二胃運動発達の速さは,その摂取固形物量および第一胃内の低級脂肪酸濃度と密接に関連した.3)全乳のみを給与した子牛では,15週齢になっても,安定した第一胃運動は認められず,上記IIの段階にとどまった.4)全乳のほか,プラスチック・スポンジ片を多量に第一胃内に連日投与した子牛では,14週齢までにIVの段階になった.4)全乳のほか,低級脂肪酸溶液(PH-6)を第一胃内に連日投与した子牛では,10週齢以降になって,IV~Vの段階に達した.6)全乳のほか,プラスチック・スポンジ片および低級脂肪酸溶液を,ともに第一胃内に連日投与した子牛では,3~6週齢でVの段階に達した,7)子牛の左廉部体表において,聴診,触診および視診によって,第一胃運動の発達状況を調査した.子牛では,成牛なみの活発なn型収縮の発現が,5~6週齢で認められ,摂取固形物量が多い子牛ほど,早くこれが出現する傾向かうかがわ れた.8)以上の結果から,子牛における第一胃・第二胃の運動発達には,胃内に投入された固形物量と,胃内発酵主産物である低級脂肪酸量が関連し,これらの発達は,胃の発酵機能発達に深い関係を待つことが推測された.9)反別は第一胃・第二胃の周期的運動がまだ記録されない以前においても認められた.しかも全乳のみを給与した子牛や,全乳のほか低級脂肪酸溶液を胃内に連日投与された子牛においても,早期に認められた.子牛の初期の反物では,吐きもどし期のみの第二胃収縮がみられ,それに続く第二胃の2段性収縮が認められない場合があった.

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In adult mongrel dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital (nembutal was used), electro-myograms were recorded from nineteen different muscles located in the laryngo-ph;tryngeal region during the deglutition of food. Swallowing movement was reflexively evokedby a tactile stimulus which had been caused by a cotton swab applied to the dorsal wallof the pharynx. On the other hand, implanted electrodes were fixed in the pharyngealmuscles artd three selected places of the cervical esophageal muscles, so that electro-myograms could be recorded from these muscles during the deglutition of food given onthe 2nd day after operation.On the basis of the results obtained, the muscles investigated were classified into thefollowing five groups: the muscles of the tongue (lst group), those lining the dorsal wallof the pharynx (2nd group), those showing respiratory fluctuation during activity (3rdgroup), those adhering to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilage (4th group), and thoseused for mastication (5th group).The muscles of the lst, 2nd, and 3rd groups were thought to play a main role in thedeglutition of food according to the modality and stage of muscular action in the case ofcommencement and cease of their work.Modalities of activity of these leading muscles in the respective stage of degluutitionwere divided into the following stages: (l) before the commencement of swallowingmovement (Fig. 5-A), (2) a stage preparatory for deglutition (Fig. 5-B), (3) an activity stageof the tongue and pharyngeal muscles (Fig. 5-C), divided into (a) an opening stage of thecommunicating region between tlae pltarynx and esophagus, and (b) a removing stage ofthe bolus to the pharyngo-esophageal region, and (4) an esophageal stage (Fig. 5-D).Schematical explanation was given on the relationship between muscular activityand the location of a bolus in the oral cavity, laryrngo-esophageal cavity, or esophaguswhen swallowing movement was contiutuous.

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実験的に豚丹毒菌を感染させたSPF由来豚,6例の筋組織について,病理組織学的に検索が行なわれた.筋線維の蝋様変性は,全例のほとんどすべての骨格筋,4例の心筋および1例の小腸の平滑筋に認められた.病変は骨格筋,特に大腿筋,自由前肢筋および腹筋において,最も高度であった.時に,線維化,石灰変性および筋線維の再生のような二次的変化も認められた.筋変性の病理組織発生において,血管変化および菌体の毒性的または機械的影響が重要であろうと考えられた.

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