犬糸状虫症の診断法としては,microfiIaria(mf)検査法,皮内反応法が現在広く知られているが,いずれも不備な点を持っている.今回著者らは,犬糸状虫症の診断における赤血球凝集(HA)反応を検討し,mtの検査成績DiroFlariaimmitis成虫の寄生状況,他の嬬虫類の検査成績などとの相関を調べ,さらに皮内反応の成績と比較検討した.HA反応では,フィラリア感染犬の86%,未感染犬の50%が陽性であった.HAtiterとフィラリア寄生数,雌虫数,mf数との相関は認められなかった.また内部寄生虫 (大鉤虫,大鞭虫,大条虫,大回虫)との相関は,いずれも5%の有意差で認められなかった.感染大において14%のfalsc-negativeの反応がみられたが,4才以上の犬では,フィラリア感染があるにもかかわらず,HA反応がほとんど陰性になることが判明した.しかし,それらの犬の血清中,あるいは血清分画中には,HA反応を阻害する物質は検出できなかった.またmfが血液中に検出されずに,成虫が心臓に寄生していたものが14例あったが,そのうち8例は単性寄生であった.このうち6例は,HA反応陽性を示した.さらに,Ascarissuilla抗原を用いHA反応を行なったところ感染犬の88%,未感染犬の47%が陽性を示した.これは,D.immitisを抗原とした場合の成績と非常に類似し,両者の間に共通抗原が存在することが示唆された.皮内反応では,犬フィラリアアンチゲンを使用した場合は,フィリア感染犬の95%,米感染大の76%が陽性であった.また反応の分布を調べたところ,感染犬と未感染犬の分布は,ほとんど一致して,区別することができなかった.沢田精製抗原(FST3)では,感染大の53%,未感染犬の16%が陽性であった.このようにFST3による皮内反応では,感染犬に比較的多くのfalsc-negativeが見いだされているが,反応の分布上,感染犬は,未感染大群に対して高度に反応する傾向が伺われ,将来の改善によっては,大糸状虫症の診断に有望であると思われる.

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The authors have conducted histopathological studies on various types of the avianleukosis complex"9?"). The materials used for these studies were morbid chickens wlaichhad occurred spontaneously in Japan since 1950.In this paper, histopathological investigation was carried out on 78 chickens whichwere believed to have been infected naturally with a disease identical with what hadbeen known by the name lVareks disease and broken out on 25 poultry farms mainly in1969. The birds were layer chickens of foreign-produced strains from 37 to 191 days ofage. For histological examination, as many samples as possible were collected fromvarious parts of organs, including the central and peripheral nervous systems and theeyes. Furthermore, the authors reexamined the specimens dealt with in their previousreports, part II (neural lyrnphomatosis)20) and part III (ocular lymphomatosis)21).In the present studies, the following particulars were examined: the character ofproliferating cells, the distribution and severity of lesions, and the relationship betweenthe termination of the birds used and the type of proliferating cells. The proliferatir-ugcells were Iymphocytic and divided into three types, large, medium, and small, chieflyon the basis of size. The main Iesion of the disease in question was composed of pro-liferating cells. Such cells were also present frequently in blood vessels. Lesions weredistributed widely in organs, including the central and peripheral nervous tissues, eyes, mesenteries, and adipose tissues, located in the whole body. The lesions were variablein severity. Generally speaking, this disease had a tendency to be more malignant when pro-liferating cells of large and medium sizes were predominant in the cellular element ofeach lesion.From the findings thus obtained, especially those on the character of the proliferat-ing cells, it was considered that the disease dealt with in this paper should be called"lymphatic leukemia", and that "neural lymphomatosis" and "ocular lymphomatosis", which had been described in the authors previous reports, parts [120) and [1121), shouldbe regarded as diseases of the same category as lymphomatic leukemia. Moreover, it wasthought that "avian visceral lymphomatosis", which was described in the authors pre-vious reports, parts I") and VI3), should be called "germ cell sarcoma".

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保菌豚のサルモネラ症の疫学における役割りを知るための基礎的研究として,保菌豚の消化管内容および附属リンパ節におけるサルモネラの分布を定量的に検討した9消化管内容では,盲腸におるサルモネラの検出率がもっとも高く,ついで空腸,結腸,回腸,胃,直腸,十二指腸の順であった.リンパ節では,回腸からの本菌の検出率がもっとも高く,ついで空腸,盲腸,結腸,十二指腸の順であった.胃リンパ節および直腸リンパ節は陰性であった.各部位におけるサルモネラの菌量は,ほとんどのものが102~1047100gの範囲にあった.但し,結腸内容では,定性培養(1027100g以下)のみで検出される場合が多かった.8盲腸内容陽性例における分布域は,陰性例におけるそれよりも広い傾向を示した.5菌型が検出され,S.tyPhimuriumの検出率がもっとも高かった.検出された菌型と分布域,ならびに菌最の間に,特に関係は認められなかった以上の成績を総合して考えると,サルモネラは,ブタの小腸中部より大腸上部に至る間で,多少増殖しながら保菌されているものと推測された.また,盲腸は特に重要な保菌部位であり,ブタの保菌調査には不可欠の器官と認められた.

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The distribution of Yersinia pseuclotuberculosis in man and many species of animalsvaries geographically. The frequency of isolation of this organism is much lower inJapan than in European countries. In their previous report19), the authors stressedthat full investigation should be performed to determine the distribution of Y. pseudo-tuberculosis in Japan. It is necessary to examine the organism recovered from feces inorder to clarify the distribution and the epizootiology of the organism. It is known thatthe isolation of Y. pseudotuberculosis from contaminated materials is difficult. Nosatisfactory method has been established to isolate Y. pseudotuberculosis from suchcontaminated materials as feces, In the present study, the authors examined the selective medium and the enrichmentculture method described by PATFIRSON a-nd COOKS). The results obtained are asfollows.l. Using the enrichment culture method, the authors confirmed PATERSON andCOOKS findings that Y. pseudotuberculosis multiplied gradually to reach a maximumlevel of growth after 20 days, provided that the specimen was a 10 per cent suspensionin M/15 phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.6) and the culture maintained at 5C.2. Y. pseudotuberculosis exhibited better growth on MacConkeys agar than on theselective medium described by PATE, RSON and COOK. It was considered that MacConkeysagar might be suitable as the selective medium for this organism.3. Satisfactory results were obtained on the recovery of Y. pseudotuberculosis froman artificial mixture of feces and from the feces of experimentally infected guinea pigs andnaturally infected rabbits when the following method had been used: (a) The specimenwas a 10 per cent suspension in phosphate buffer solution, (b) the culture was main-tained at 5C for 3 weeks, and (c) lMacConkeys agar was used for the isolation.4. It is considered that the same method as used for Y. pseudotuberculosis may beeffective for the isolation of Y. enterocolitica.

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There are very few reports on the activity values of aspartate aminotransferase(GOT) and alanine amir?otransferase (GPT) in oxyhemoglobin and their successivefractional precipitation. Especially, no papers have been published to deal with avianoxyhemoglobin in detail.In the present report, an ingenious method was proposed for separation of suchtransaminases as generally called "forward (F)-GOT, reverse (R)-GOT, F-GPT, andR-GPT." Some of the transaminases in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin could be fraction-ated into a very confined fraction.The results obtained are summarized as follows.In addition, the solution of adult chicken oxyhemoglobin used in this experimentwas prepared by a method proposed by the author18). The activity values of the fractionsseparated and their source sample were determined by the same substrates as usedfor the previous studies on transaminase activities in adult chicken blood plasma.l. The technique used for the fractionation of transaminases in adult chickenoxyhemoglobin depended for its principle upon Cohn and Oncleys method3, 9). Ac-cordingly, except for a slight modification on the adjustment of protein content, all theprocedures and the method of naming fractions used in this technique were the same asthose reported by those authors3?9).By using this method, all the fractions separated from adult chicken oxyhemoglobinnumbered twelve which fell under five large divisions. Tables l and 2 shows the relation-ships between these fractions and their transaminase activities.An important problem, however, is to select confining transaminases that will workto the highest possible degree. For the solution of this problem, it seems that the follow-ing fractions may have an advantage. 2. It appeared that component 2-c, its subtraction, and some conaponents of the4th grou pin adult chicken oxyhemoglobin might be related to some extent to the carriersof transaminases.As for R-GPT, it was possible that a subtraction of component 2-c might act as anR-GPT, which would be recovered from fractions IV-6 and IV-7. On the other hand, component 2-c might act as one of the transaminases which catalyze the substrates ofboth R-GOT and R-GPT and would be recovered from fraction V and its subtraction.Component 4-d of relative position 29 in the middle of component 4-d conjugatedwas present in fractions III, III-0, and III-2, 3. It was useful to activate the substrates ofboth R-GOT and R-GPT. From this, it seemed probable that some of the R-GOTcarriers might belong to the sarne type as R-GPT related. However, when the relativepositions of two components in the 4-d position in fractions IV-4 and IV-5, which werecatalyzed by the substrates of both transaminases for use in determination of F-GOT andF-GPT activity values, were examined, they were not the same as that of component 4-d.just described, but were arranged at both ends of that component. The relative positionsof the two components were found to be 28 and 30, respectively. These findings sug-gest that component 4-d may have been conjugated in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin andconsist of at least 3 components.The most important point, however, is that neither a subfraction of componentt 2-cnor component 4-d conjugated has anything in common with blood plasma. In contrastto blood plasma, this result seems to be an important fact to explain the distribution ofthe active fragment of transaminase in adult chicken oxyhemoglobin. In a report tocome, an attempt will be made to clarify a difference in chemical properties of the proteincontained in the transaminases bearing the samenames between oxyhmoglobin and bloodplasma.

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放射線による間期の細胞死は,膜に起因することが多い.低線量で初期摘傷は,膜の電気的特性で観察される.600rads以下では,その変化は可逆的であるが,1000radsでは,電気的特性は一方的に変化し,膜からのイオン流出として帰結される.3H20を用いた流出実験でも,これを裏付ける.膜を低張にして機械的張力を与えると,600radsでも流出が見られる.これは正常の張力で,1000radsの流出も生きてる膜のあり方が放射線に協力的に働くことを示唆する.4000radsでは,上記の物理的損傷は生化学的損傷に進んでることが,アデニン,イノシンを用いた実験で解明された.

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腎門脈弁におよぼす薬物の影響をinvivoで研究した報告は皆無であるばかりでなく,血流を直接的方法で測定した報告もない.鶏において,とくに尾腸間膜静脈(CMV)の血流量とその方向を決定することは,これまでの血流循環系分野の最大の関心事の一つであった.従って,著者らは,実験材料として白色レグホーンの雄を選び,麻酔下で電磁血流計を用いて,CMVの血流の方向を調べ,CMVおよび後大静脈(IVC)の血流量を測定した.また同時に心拍数および頚動脈血圧も測定した.10μg/kgのnorepinephrinc(NE)ならびに0.1mg/kgのacctylcholine(Ach)を翼下静脈に注射して,血流量およびCMVの血流方向の変化から,腎門脈弁に対する薬物の作用を研究することが,本実験の目的である.IVCの血流量は,心拍数の増加に伴い増加する傾向があったが,NE注射後,血流量には有意の差は認められなかった.CMVの血流は,注射前,′肝臓に流れる場合(腎門弁が閉鎖していると考えられる)と,腎臓に流れる場合(腎門弁は開放状態)とがあった.NE注射により,前者では,すべて腎誠の方向へ血流が逆流し,後者では,腎誠の方向へ血流量がさらに増加したのが,70%であった.この結果から,NEはinvivoにおいても,腎門弁を開放する影響を及ぼすものと考えられる.一方,Ach注射により,動脈血圧,心拍数およびIVCの血流量はすべて減少した.CMVの血流量には,一定の結論が出せる影響は認められなかった.従って,invitroの実験結果のように,Achがinvivoでも腎門弁を閉鎖する作用を及ぼすのかどうかは不明であった.

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