著者らは,1962年以来,北アメリカおよびオーストラリアにおいて,aviannephrosis,ncphritisあるいはurcmiaQ名のもとに報告されて来た病と,同類であるとみなされる症例に遭遇したので,これらについて病理組織学的に検索した.検索材料は,3養鶏農家において自然発生した8症例よりなる.病変は,全症例に共通しており,腎と輪尿管の変化が,最も特徴的であった.すなわち,肉眼的には,腎は濶濁腫脹を示し,実質内に,点状または網目状をなした灰白色巣が形成されていた.輪尿管は拡張し,管腔内に白色泥状物質をいれていた.組織病変は,尿細管,集合管に主座し,乳頭管,輸尿管に及んで認められた.すなわち,尿細管上皮の変性,剥離,凝固壊死を発端とし,集合管,乳頭管をも含めて管腔は拡張し,蛋白性または尿液様物質,頽廃細胞などを,多少の差はあれ,いれていた.反応性変化として,軽度ではあったが,偽好歌球浸潤,間質に単核性細胞の増数,幼若線維性細胞の増殖が認められ,多核巨細胞に囲繞された痛風性結節もまれに認められた.これらの検索材料8例のうち,4例の腎から,ウイルスと思われる病原体を分離し得た.そして,その病原体を初生雛および28日令雛に接種することにより,自然発生例と同様の病変を再現することができた.以上の結果を基とし,文献吟味を加えて,若干の考察を行なった.なかでも,本病はGumboro病とは明らかに区別されるべきものであることを強調した.一方では,本病と腎性痛風との関係が,今後の問題として残ることを述べた.また,上記の組織病理発生学的所見を重視して,本病を伝達性(恐らくウイルス性)尿等田管腎症と呼称するのが適当であろうことを提唱した.

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In the morphological changes of the skulls of tlte Yezo brown bear (Ursus arctosyezoensis Lyd.) showing growth with postnatal development were observed the oblitera-tion patterns of suturae and synchondroses.The materials used in this study were the 56 skulls (36 male and 20 female)described in the previous part of the present series. The closing degrees of suturas andsynchondroses were determined by the method employed by FREDERIC (Table I).In both male and female skulls, the obliteration of sutrae and synchondroses wasobserved earlier in the intraoccipital synchondroses, sutura lambdoidea, and S. sagittalis.It is assumed that the crista sagittalis externa and the linea nuchae superior, which arepeculiar forms of the male adult skull, may have resulted from the ossification of theperiosteum, because tlaey developed cleary after the obliteration of S.lamboidea arndS. sagittalis.As the sex difference in the obliteration of suturae, it was unoticed that S. occipitomastoidea, S. squamosa, and S. sphenosquamosa had been closed later in the maleskulls than in the female.The sutura and synchondrosis which were not closed event in the oldest skull wereS. zygomaticotemporalis and synchorndrosis intersphenoidalis.It is reasonable to consider that the os sphenoidale can be divided into two portions: that is, os sphenoidale anterior and os sphenoidale posterior.In the bear skull, no S. nasomaxillaris has been formed. The same view as merntioned above seems to be observed in the skull of Lagomorplaa and Rodentia.

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Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded bipolarly from the frontal andparietal cortical regions in 7 female goats. Silver balls (1 mm in diameter) were usedas electrodes and implanted chronically on the cerebral dura mater through a small holeof the skull. Experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of experimental hyper-ammonemia on the EEG in goats.l. When ammonium chloride (aqueous solution) was injected in an amount of0.5 milli-molecules (ml) per kg of body weight into the anterior vena cava through apolyethylene cannula, the blood ammonia concentration increased rapidly. On theEEG there appeared high-amplitude slow waves (2O0s4O0pV, 4x5 c/s) at a durationof 2 to 3 seconds and an interval of 10 to 20 seconds. This pattern was induced when theblood ammonia concentration exceeded 500pg per TOO ml of blood. There was anincrease in duration and frequerncy of appearance of this pattern with an increase indose of ammonia.2.. When ammonium chloride was infused into the anterior vena cava at a rateof 0.033 mlVI per minute per kg of body weight for 60 minutes, the blood ammoniaconcentration increased gradually, and high-amplitude slow waves tended to appear.When it was infused at a rate of 0.05 ml per minute per kg of body weight, there wasa rapid increase in this concentration and induced pattern appeared. When the bloodammonia concentration was high and the respiratory movement was in a critical state, however, low-amplitude fast waves were observed on the pattern.3. When urea was injected in a dose of 3 to 12 mM per kg of body weight intothe anterior vena cava, no induced pattern appeared at all.4. When urea was infused in a dose of 4 ml per kg of body weight irtto therumen through a permanent fistula, the induced pattern appeared.5. When crystalline urea was mixed with powdered food and fed at a rate of6 ml per kg of body weight, it was a little slower in sltowing an effect than when itsaqueous solution was infused into the rumen, there was an increase in blood ammoniaconcentration and tlae induced pat

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In the previous part of the present studies"), the influennce of eugenol on glucuronidation in the rat was reported.In this part, attempts were made to find similar influences in other glucosidurogenicdrugs, such as phenol, benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, and aniline. At tlte same time, studies were made on the influence of such drug upon the glucuronic acid pathway inrats subjected to a massive administration of these glucosidurogenic drugs.The following results were obtained.I) Phenol, benzyl alcohol, and aniline orally administered caused a significantincrease in UDP-glucuronyltransferase (GT) activity in rat liver in the same manner aseugenol (Table l).2) The excretion of the ether type of glucuronide in rat urine showed such agreat increase after oral administration of phenol and aniline as eugenol (Table 2).3) In experiments in vitro on phenol, 3.0X 10-3 M of penol exhibited a 505 inhibi-tion of the glucuronidation of a substrate (2.0 x 10 M of 7t-nitrophenol), while 1.1 X 10-4M of eugenol presented the same effect upon this substrate (Fig. l). The inhibition ofGT by phenol was also competitive in nature as in the case of eugenol. The Ki valueof penol, however, was 2.5XlO- M, ox 5 times as large as that of eugenol (Fig. 2).4) None of these glucosidurogenic drugs administered orally to rats exerted anyinfluence on the hepatic or serum /3-glucuronidase activity, the hydrolytic enzyme ofglucuronide (Table 3), or the urinary excretion of t-ascorbic acid and n-glucaric acid, both of which are pathway metabolites of r>-glucuronic acid (Table 4).

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The results of the general test for oxyhemoglobin obtained from avian blood cellsby tlae authors method, are as follows.l. Isoelectric point of avian oxyhemoglobinThe isoelectric point was determined by the direct method using fractional pre-cipitation at a controlled pH. It was found to be 7.0, 6.5, 5.9, and 5.3. There was aconsiderable difference in it between fowl and man.2. Rate of alkaline denaturation of avian oxyhemoglobinHemoglobin solutions were exposed to an alkali reagent at pH 12.7. Normal avianpigments became completely denative within one minute.At concentrations of 0.7, 1.0, and 1.8 g per dl, adult chicken hemoglobin was moreresistant than young chicken hemoglobin. At a concentration of 1.3 g per dl, however, young chicken hemoglobin was more resistant than adult chicken hemoglobin.In general, the amount of adult chicken hemoglobin wltich had not been denaturedin each hemoglobin solution ranging from 0.5 to 2.0 g per dl was smaller in sum totalthan that of young chicken hemoglobin.3. Absorbancy of avian hemoglobin derivativesThe range of wave length for the intense absorption of avian hemoglobin deriva-tives was much the same as determined for that of human hemoglobin derivatives. Itwas as follows.(a) Hb0r : 418, 550, and 586 Illp(b) IIbC0 : 403, 550, and 590 Illjt(c) met Hb : 410, 505, and 640 Illjt, 4. Disc electrophoretic patterns of normal avian and mammalian hemoglobinThe disc electrophoretic behavior was compared between avian hemoglobin andhemoglobin of a given mammalian species. As was illustrated previously, avian oxy-hemoglobin revealed 10 components on disc electrophoretic analysis.Component 4-d, moving relatively fast toward the cathode, occupied the greater partof avian oxyhemoglobin. The properties of this component were unknown. Thiscomponent was identical with the corresponding one of mammalian hemoglobin, exceptcalf and goat one. It is justified in saying that this component may be regarded as onespecific to the ruminant.The greater part of mammalian hemoglobin is occupied by components

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