前報で,Eimeriatsunodaiの形態,生物学的性状,発育環,宿主特異性について報告した.今回は病原性を観察するため,3,15,30日令の日本ウズラに1.44×102N1.08×106のE.tsunodaiの成熟オーシストを感染させた.E,tsunodaiのオーシストを103個以上感染させた場合,体重の増加が著しく妨げられ,104個以上の感染群では,斃死率が50%以上であった.血便と貧血を主徴とした症状は,E.tenclla寄生によるニワトリの症状に酷倣していた.また,E.tsunodai人工感染日本ウズラを用いて,Am-pr011um(AM),methylbcnzoquate(MB),C10pidol(CP),Sulfadimethoxinc(SDM)およびSulfamo-nomethoxine(SMM)に対する薬剤感受性を検討した.試験の結果,AM,0.12%;MB,0.04%:CP,0.125%を飼料に添加,7日間連用した群,SDMおよびSMMを0.05%3日間投与した群で,E.tsunodaiの増殖が阻止された.鶏の盲腸コクシジウム(E.tenella)とE.tsunodaiとでは,薬剤感受性の点で大きな差異を認めた.

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トキソプラズマ不顕性感染に対するSabin-Fcldmanの色素試験(DT)および花木ら(1964,1969)2~3)の血球凝集反応(HAtest)の信頼性を明らかにする目的で,人,犬,猫および豚について両血清反応を行ない,トキソプラズマの分離成績と比較検討した.これらの血清反応のうち,DTは原虫分離成績と良く一致し,不顕性感染の診断に最も信頼性が高く,ついでHAtcst-2(血清>,HAtest-1(枦紙法>の順であった.花木らは′256倍陽性をHAtcst-1における陽性限界と定めている.しかしながら,得られた成績よりすると,不顕性感染例をもれなく摘発するためには,HAtest-1,HAtcst一2ともに,64倍陽性を意義ある抗体価とみなすべきものと考えられた.動物種との関係をみると,人および犬では,DT陰性のものから本原虫が検出されることはなかったが,陽性のものからの検出率は低く,人で12例中2例,犬で24例中11例から,本原虫が分離されるとどまった.これに対し,DT陽性豚の全例(4/4)および陽性猫のほぼ全例(25/27)より本原虫が分離された.また,本原虫の分離された猫および豚の各1例は,DT陰性であった.HAtestは猫および豚の不顕性感染診断に実用性を有するものと認められ,HAtest陽性猫のほぼ全例,豚の57(HAtest-1)~30%(HAtcst-2)から本原虫が分離された.人および犬についてのHAtestは,さらに検討を要するもの考えられた.

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Caffeine was studied experimentally for influence upon the running performanceof race horses. Three Thoroughbred horses, 6 years old castrated and weighing about420--500 kg, were injected subcutaneously with a single dose of 2.5 and 5.0 g (usualdose)) per animal of caffeine and sodium benzoate, respectively, in a 20% solution.They were subjected to an exercise started about l hour after the injection. The ex-perimental procedure used was the same as mentioned in the previous reportl), exceptthe standard lap times, which were as follows: 50sec./round (ll4m/min.) at walk, 25sec./round (228m/min.) at trot, and 17sec./round (335m/ruin.) at canter (Fig.1).In addition, caffeine was also examined for influence upon electrocardiogram (ECG), respiration, and behavior in stabled horses at rest. The results obtained are summarizedas follows.l. Caffeine enhanced the running performance; that is, a shortened lap time wasrecorded frequently, particularly in exercise at canter (Fig. 3). Furthermore, it wasdifficult for horse No. 2 injected with 5.0 g to continue running at canter, because thediameter of the track was not long enough to run at an enhanced speed.2. To horse No.2 injected with 2, 5 g, consecutive second-degree A-V blocks occa-sionally followed by a S-A block occurred three times intermittently immediately afterthe exercise (Fig. 4). This kind of successive arrhythmias never occurred to stabledhorses at rest even after administration with 5.0 g.3. Cafleine increased the heart rate during the exercise, particularly in exercise atcanter, and delayed the recovery of the heart rate (Figs. 5 and 6).4. Caffeine brought about no clear changes in stepping frequency during theexercise or in breathing rate during the recovery.5. Although a dose of 2.5 g induced no changes in ECG, heart rate, breathing rate, or behavior in any resting horse, it exerted definite influences upon the running perform-ance, the heart rate during and after the exercise, and ECGS immediatery after theCX(TCISCI.6. zran.s-m-Oxocamphorl) exerted only a

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Studies were made on the basic biology of coccidia, including the cultivation of repre-sentative species of avian coccidia. It was their purposes to supplement information onthe growth of Eimeria tenella, E. brunetti, and E. acervulina in avian embryos, and toexamine the biological aspects of tlaese parasites.Sporozoites and merozoites (E. tenella) were inoculated into the allantoic cavities ofchick embryos on the 1Otla day of incubation. Histological sections and unstained speci-mens of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) were prepared froun embryos which hadbeen killed serially at different intervals of time or died after inoculation. They wereexamined for growth of the parasites.Sporozoites were obtained by the in vitro method described by DORAN and FARR(1962). Merozoites were collected from the cecal contents of infected chickens.The results obtained are summarized as follows:1. E. tenella.a. All the inoculated embryos produced infections. A large number of schizontsdeveloped in the tissue of CAM 3s6 days after inoculation. They disappeared 7sS daysafter inoculation. At this time, the sexual stage of the parasite was observed.b. Oocysts were first seen on the 8th day (lxlO5 sporozoites per embryo) and onthe 10th day (5 x 10 sporozoites per embryo) after inoculation. The number of oocystsformed in the tissue of CAM was small, as compared with the large number of schizontsgrown.c. Many blastophore types and budding forms were seen in the CAM 5=6 daysafter inoculation with 13105 sporozoites.d. First-generation schizonts and parasites of the sexual stage were situated in theepithelial cells of CAM. Second-generation schizonts were situated below the epithelium.e. Many parasites of the sexual stage were found 2 days after inoculation withl x 106 merozoites, but no oocysts were produced by this time. When 5 x 106 merozoi teswere introduced, oocysts were recovered from the CAM 5 days after inoculation. Noparasites of the asexual stage were found in any inoculated embryo.2. Oocysts were recovered from the CAM 9 days

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It is generally known that canine prostatic disease is uncommon especially in dailyclinical cases in "S" city. Actually, however, so-called canine prostatic hypertrophy hasbeen found frequently among these cases submitted to autopsy at the authors laboratory.Six cases (Table 1) were selected from fifty-four ownerless dogs, as they did showhypertrophy of the prostate but not dysuria, to investigate histopathological changes.The result obtained are as follows.1. The following three glands were commonly present in all the six cases: (a) aninactive gland, (b) a hyperplastic and degenerative gland, and (c) a cystic and atrophicgland. A proliferation of interstitial collagenous elements was observed in areas wherethese glands were located.There were no significant changes in the periurethral gland, or the vascular ornervous system of the prostate gland.2. Coexistence of the three gland in the same prostate gland was a significantfinding, which suggests the followizag possibility: Most of the degenerative and atrophicchanges appear in dogs about the presenile period.3. The histological changes of the hypertrophic prostate of a dog was proliferationof glandular epithelium, exclusive of that of the periurethral glands and their stroma.Consequently, being different from the human case, canine prostatic hypertrophy maynot induce urinary obstruction.4. Histopathologically, the present case was named "prostatic atrophy" since cysticatrophic glands were predominant in an overwhelming majority of the prostates.5. Comparison between canine and human prostatic hypertrophy can not be made, because there is nothing common in anatomic lesions between the canine and humancases.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the thiamine requirements of two coc-cidia, Eimeria tenella and Eimeria acervulina, in relation to the thiamine content of thediet and oocyst production. The results obtained are as follows: The minimum require-ments of thiamine for the growth of E. tenella and E. acervulina were 5.0 and 2.5 rug/kgin feed, respectively.On the other hand, the incorporation of triteated-thiamine into first schizonts wasobserved by electron microscope radioautography. The silver grains of H3-thiaminewere located over the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum ofthe first schizont.Moreover, amprolium and beclotiamine, when administered to chickens with feed, were shown to be coccidiostatic against coccidia of the alimentary tract without anyadverse effect upon the growth of chicks. Oxythiamine, however, did not reveal ananticoccidial action. The anticoccidial effects of beclotiamine and amprolium wereinfluenced by the variation of the dietary thiamine content.Therefore, the mode of action against coccidia of beclotiamine was conjectured tobe thiamine inhibition against the growth of coccidia.

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