The chorioallantoic membranes (CAM) of developing chick embryos infected with artificially excysted sporozoites of Eimeria tenella, were dispersed with trypsin-versene. These cells were cultured in Leighton tubes and observed at different times after cultivation. In this experiment, a closed culture system was applied in place of the CO₂ gas phase system [7]. Results obtained were as follows. Schizogony: Five types of mature schizonts were found in cultured cells derived from CAM 3 to 6 days after inoculation. The morphological characters of these schizonts and merozoites coincided with those described by Long [7], though type 1 schizonts in this experiment were rather small in size (Fig. 1). Gametogony: All the developmental stages, including both sexual forms and oocysts, were found in cultured cells derived from CAM 4 to 6 days after inoculation. No attempts were made, however, to subinfect susceptible chickens with newly produced oocysts, for no sufficient number of materials could be harvested in this experiment.

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Caffeine was examined for the effect upon the running performance on a treadmill in two trained dogs. A preliminary experiment was performed to find out running speeds at which the steady adaptation to exercise was broken up. Runs of 15-minute duration at speeds of 220 and 235 m/min in dog 1 and at a speed of 160 m/min in dog 2 (at a grade of 0% in both dogs) were determined to be employed in an experiment with caffeine. Caffeine was administered intravenously at single doses of 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/kg in the form of a mixture of caffeine and sodium benzoate. Runs were started 10 minutes after administration. Caffeine improved the running performance markedly at a strenuous work rate in dog 1, even at such a small dose as 2.5 mg/kg. On the contrary, it had an obscure performance-increasing effect on dog 2, even at such a large dose as 7.5 mg/kg, although the dog was placed on exercise at a much lower work rate than dog 1. The effect of caffeine would be evaluated only qualitatively, because of individual differences in this effect from dog to dog.

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変法 NBGT 培地を用いて, 犬の糞便の定量培養を行ない, 糞便中の無芽胞嫌気性グラム陰性桿菌, とくに Bacteroides 属および Sphaerophorus 属の分布を検討した. またこれらを同定し, その菌種と菌数を明確にした. 本論文の要旨は, 第22回日本細菌学会中部支部総会において発表した. なおこの研究には, 文部省科学研究費の一部を使用した.終わりにのぞみ, 懇切なる指導と校閲をいただいた恩師鈴木祥一郎教授および上野一恵助教授に深く感謝の意を表する.

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多包虫(Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863, 幼虫)に対し, 感受性が極めて低いとされていたゴールデンハムスターを用い, 虫卵経口投与(一次多包虫症)および頭節腹腔内接種(二次多包虫症)を行ない, 次のことが明らかとなった. 1. 虫卵経口投与により, 雄13例中9例, 雌19例中15例に肝病巣を認めた. 多くは死滅虫体による器質化結節とすべき病巣であったが, 感染後60日の7例中3例に多包虫嚢胞を認め, うち2例は多房化していた. ゴールデンハムスターの感受性は高くないが, 少なくとも一部の例で, 多包虫が感染後60日までは発育することが明らかとなった. 2. 頭節腹腔内接種により, 雄12例, 雌9例のすべてに感染を認めた. 接種後30日で初期繁殖胞, 一部で初期頭節形成が認められ, 60日後に若干の成熟頭節, 100日後では十分に発育した多数の成熟頭節が出現した. しかし一方, 病巣中心部においては, 感染後100日ですでに頭節の死滅が始まっていた. 感染後8カ月例では, 十分に発育した嚢胞が, おもに病巣辺縁部に認められたが, 多くの頭節は死滅過程をたどり, また外膜層の壊死領域に石灰, コレステリンの沈着が認められた. 以上のことから, 虫卵経口投与によって, 従来知られているより, さらに多包虫の発育が進展すること, また頭節腹腔内接種によって, 高い感受性を有することが明らかとなった. 稿を終えるにあたり, 御指導, 御校閲をいだだいた北海道大学獣医学部家畜寄生虫病学教室山下次郎教授ならびに大林正士助教授に深謝する. なお本研究の要旨は, 第19回日本寄生虫学会北日本支部大会において発表した.

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To establish reliable criteria for the depth of fluothane anesthesia in dogs, an electroencephalogram (EEG) and several physiological responses were recorded simultaneously. EEG was recorded from four points on the cerebral dura mater. Respiration, electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram, electromyogram (EMG) in the neck muscle, and blood pressure were recorded simultaneously together with the EEG. Anesthesia was induced with 4% fluothane in a closed system. Six distinct levels were defined as follows. Level I: This level was the induction stage. The resting fast-frequency and low-amplitude rhythm was replaced by a rhythm slower in frequency (15 to 30 Hz) and higher in amplitude (20 to 70μV). Level II: The characteristic of this level was the appearance of spindling burst waves with a frequency of 13 to 25 Hz. Level III: This level was the period of light anesthesia. Predominant waves showed a frequency of 5 to 13 Hz and an amplitude of 50 to 200μV. Level IV: The predominant waves decreased in frequency. All the fast waves disappeared completely. Generally, EEG waves had a tendency to flatten. This level corresponded to the period of deep anesthesia. Level V: The frequency of slow waves was 2 to 7 Hz. The amplitude of waves tended to be low. Sometimes EEG showed a short burst suppression. Level VI: This level was the period of long apnea. EEG showed a flat pattern. From the results of the present work, it was concluded that the changes of EEG were closely related to the depth of anesthesia and physiological changes in dogs anesthetized with fluothane.

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Dogs were used to record the electromyographic (EMG) activity of fifty skeletal muscles and 16-mm motion pictures in the treadmill galloping and a cyclogram in a level-ground galloping. Based on the results obtained, discussion was made on the movement of the limbs in walk, trot, and gallop. Gallop is an asymmetrical gait. A trailing limb and a leading one were proved to have essentially the same movement, though the movement of the axial skeleton produced some differences between them. Each limb had essentially the same movement throughout the gaits: walk, trot, and gallop. Of course, each gait seemed different at a glance and had actually different EMG activity patterns and change of joint angles. These differences were, however, decorated by the speed of locomotion and the movement of the axial skeleton of each gait. Just before landing, the hind limb which landed on the ground nearest to the vertical line drawn from the center of gravity of the body might make the structure as a weight-bearing bracer which also operated as a lever. The fore limb which landed on the ground most apart from this vertical line might do that after landing. The fore limb might play a more important role as a balancer than a propeller.

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The distribution of ^115mcadmium and its transfer to the egg were investigated in laying Japanese quail. Furthermore, the influence of estrogens on the tissue uptake of ^115mcadmium was analyzed in adult male quail. Whole-body sections of a laying quail were prepared. Autoradiograms were made in birds killed 1, 24, 48, 96, 192 and 384 hours after a single injection of ^115mcadmium chloride. During the first 48 hours following the injection, high concentrations of ^115mcadmium were detected in the liver, kidney, pancreas, proventriculus, uterus and small intestine. Of these organs, the liver, kidney, proventriculus and pancreas maintained a high level of ^115mcadmium for at least 384 hours. Minute amounts of ^115mcadmium were detectable in the peripheral parts of the ova, forming a narrow ring in the autoradiograms. No further accumulation was observed when the ova were in the growing phase. The secretion of ^115mcadmium into the proventricular or uterine cavity was scarce. The high concentrations of ^115mcadmium in the intestinal wall and contents suggested that cadmium is excreted mainly into feces via the intestinal tract. In eggs laid, ^115mcadmium was detected only in the yolk. Its amount in the yolk was the highest in the second egg and decreased afterwards in the increasing order of oviposition sequence. The amount of the second egg was 0.21 percent of the given. In the male quail after estrogenization, the concentration of ^115mcadmium increased in the femur and decreased in the liver, whole blood, and blood corpuscle, but was not affected at all in the kidney or blood plasma. These effects were dependent on the dose of estradiol benzoate. The cumulative contents of ^115mcadmium in feces and urine for 192 hours were 28.42±0.73(mean±standard error) percent of the dose given in laying quail, 25.83±0.91 percent in untreated males, and 27.8±0.63 percent in estrogenized males. It appeared that the increased uptake of cadmium in the femur by the estrogenization was roughly parallel with the formation of intramedullary bone.

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鳥類の飛翔の機構を解明するに当たり, その基礎的研究として, ハトの筋系の正確な解剖書をつくるため, まず前肢の筋の起始と停止を明確に記載し, 同定が容易なように, Figs. 1～4に図示した. また各筋の起始と停止については, その要約をTable 1に一括して示した. 筋の学名については, Berger [12], Fisher [7]ら, 藤岡 [9]をおもに参照し, 特に Berger [12]の命名と本報告の所見とを比較検討し整理した. その他の著者との比較は, Table 2に一括して示した.

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Twenty-eight cases of feline lymphosarcomatosis encountered in the Tokyo area from 1964 to 1972 were studied pathologically. According to localization of tumor masses, they were divided into, the thoracic, abdominal, and mixed forms. Eighteen cases of the thoracic form had a tumor mass 5 cm or over in diameter in the anterior part of the mediastinum in the thorax. In this form, tumors appearing in other organs never exceeded 2 cm in diameter. In 8 cases of the abdominal form, tumor masses 5 to 10 cm in diameter were found in the liver, spleen, kidney, duodenum, jejunum, pancreas, spermatic cord and lymph nodes. The mixed form comprising only 2 cascs had tumor masses more than 5 cm in diameter in the mediastinum, as well as in the renal and jejunal lymph nodes. Histologically, the tumor consisted mainly of large immature lymphoid cells with a distinct nucleolus and relatively poor cytoplasm in all the cases, except two which had tumors consisting predominantly of small mature lymphoid cells. The so-called starry-sky pattern was marked in either affected lymph nodes or tumor masses of the mediastinum. In any case there was no marked proliferation of argyrophile fibers.

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ビーグル繁殖コロニーにおけるイヌブルセラ病の発生について, つぎのことが観察された. 1. 1971年8月から1972年8月までの間に, 妊娠犬220例中37例において, 妊娠後期に流産が発生した. 2. 雄イヌでは5例に精巣炎, 陰嚢の皮膚炎または精巣萎縮がみられた. 3. 流産した雌, 生殖器障害を示した雄を含め, 多くの個体から血液培養で Brucella canis が検出され, 血清凝集反応で陽性個体が多数みられた. 4. 流行の原因は, 米国から輸入されたビーグルの中に, ごく少数の感染個体が含まれ, これらから交尾または接触感染によって蔓廷したものと考えられる. 5. 血液培養と凝集反応の両検査をくりかえし, 感染個体を除いた結果, 約6カ月でブルセラフリーの繁殖コロニーが維持されるようになった. 6. 感染犬の母親から生まれた子イヌは感染している場合もあったが, 両親が非感染の場合にはその子イヌはすべて非感染であった. 7. 飼育管理および検査に関係した11人は菌培養, 抗体検査のいずれでもすべて陰性であった.

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