It is well-known that height vertigo (acrophobia) influenced by visual and psychological functions. We hypothesized that it is also influenced by vestibular functions, and attempted to obtain some objective data, rarely seen in previous literatures.
The subjects were 13 patients (9 males & 4 females) who visited Kyushu University hospital, because they suffered from acrophobia. The control group consisted of 10 healthy adult volunteers (6 males & 4 females). All subjects received simple vestibular examination and were found to be normal except for one acrophobia with Meniere's desease who was slightly abnormal. Subjects were also given a psychological test (Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale).
Postural sway was measured as follows: The projection of the center of gravity to the horizontal plane of a standing subject was determined by measuring the weight at three points of the supporting plane. Each point was supported by three strain guages. Any weight change was amplified and recorded on an X-Y recorder, and its area was measured afterwards by a planimeter.
Subjects were instructed to stand on the supporting plane quietly holding the stereo-photographic slide viewer. Subjecs were then instructed to look at, in a random sequence, two scenes through the viewer: (B1) a beautiful flower (color slide),(B2) a view looking down from a tall building (color slide). These subjects were questioned and their subjective experiences of fear were rated (Subjective Units of Disturbance): (B3) the subjects in this group were asked to imagine they were looking down from a tall building or high places, while holding the slide viewer and keeping their eyes closed,(B4) the same procedure as in B3 except that the eyes remained open. Subjects were also instructed to repeat the above procedures using three different head positions: (C1) horizontal position,(C2) 45 degrees to the horizontal plane, head pointing upwards,(C3) 45 degrees, head pointing downwards.
A statistical analysis of the data from groups B1, B2, B3, B4 showed that the mean postural sway of the patient group was significantly greater during both visualizing and imagining great heights than during visualizing a flower (p<0.05). The control group showed no significant differences in postural sway between any of the conditions (Fig.2). Also, comparisons between the three head positions of the both groups (C1, C2, C3) showed that there were no significant differences between them (Fig.3).
Mean scores for the Manifest Anxiety Scale were 20.4 for the patient group and 15.2 for the control group. Mean Subjective Units of Disturbance of group B2 were reported as 55 by the patients and 10 by the controls.
Thus, we concluded that visual and psychological influences on the fear of heights are related to the actual postural sway, while the equilibrium functions were not related to it.

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A 65-year-old man developed bilateral sensoryneural deafness in 1972. He complained of fatiguability, headache, and fullness of the head since 1963. Laboratory examination revealed hyperplasia of all the cellular elements of the bone marrow, and elevation of the red blood cell count and hemoglobin level. He was diagnosed polycythemia vera and treated with phlebotomies and intravenous injection of P³². His audiogram was improved in 1973 associated with the reduction of red blood cells.

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A 53-year-old man developed severe pain in the left half of his face in April 1974. The pain was induced by swallowing motion and lasted 3-30 minutes and repeated several times a day from the onset. The patient showed a charasteristic posture. He pressed forcefully his left jow and left ear with towel in his hand. The pain was induced by pressure at the point which was between the mastoid process and the articular process of the mandibula. The pressure of left tonsil also induced the pain attack.
Epipharynx tumor, intracranial tumor or elongated styloid process was not found in this patient. The patient showed a leucocytosis and an accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Steroid therapy affected disappearance and prevention of the pain attack. Intravenous injection of xylocaine and glossopharyngeal block were effective. He was diagnosed glossopharyngeal neuralgia of inflammatory origin.

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The purpose of the present investigation is to determine the roll of intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles in laryngeal closure reflex during deglutition. Two types of experimental investigations were performed:(1) observations of intralaryngeal movements during electrical stimulation of selected muscle (s), and (2) observations of the laryngeal closure during the swallowing caused by electrical stimulations of the superior laryngeal nerve in normal condition and when some selected muscle (s) were deleted. Thirty-eight mongrel dogs were used for the experimental animals. The closure of the larynx during swallowing were photographed on 16 mm movie films under a suspension laryngoscope and were investigated with frame by frame analysis.
On the basis of the results of the experiments, the following conclusions appear justified:
1. In the normal dogs, the laryngeal cavity is closed completely with a consistent time program during the swallowing.
2. When the bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerves are sectioned, the closure of the larynx is markedly disturbed. Even in this situation, however, a complete closure of the larynx still takes place, although the closed period is extremely short.
3. When the bilateral pharyngeal constrictor muscles are sectioned in addition to the previous condition, the closure of the larynx is markedly affected and there is no glottic closure at all.
4. After section of the bilateral inferior constrictor muscles, suprahyoid muscles and hypoglossal nerves respectively, laryngeal closure occurs in a similar way as to that in the control. No significant disturbances in laryngeal closure are found during the swallowing.

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The main purpose of this investigation is to elucidate the functions of the intrinsic and extrinsic larygeal muscles in deglutition, especially their participation in elevation of the larynx. In preliminary experiment, using mongrel dogs, adequate frequencies for reflex deglutition elicited by electrical stimulations of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve were determined (20-30 Hz). In addition, relation between respiration and deglutition was examined.
Two types of observation were made for the main purpose:1) simultaneous recordings of electromyogram of selected fifteen muscles, i. e. the cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, arytenoid, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, hyopharyngeal, thyropharyngeal, cricopharyngeal muscles, and laryngeal movements during deglutition elicited by the water pouring in pharynx or repeated electrical stimulations of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, were performed with a polygraph unit, and 2) measurement of elevation of the larynx and the hyoid bone during deglutition before and after deletion of the function of some selected muscles was also performed.
On the basis of the results, the following conclusions appear justified.
1) Activities of the intrinsic and extrinsic laryngeal muscles are highly consistent in each deglutition, and the larynx is closed and elevated by their coordinatory function.The pre-programed command of the centrum on each muscle is not influenced by deletion of some selected muscles.
2) The geniohyoid and thyrohyoid muscles play the most important role in elevating the larynx during deglutition.
3) The mylohyoid, stylohyoid and tongue muscles participate in elevation of the larynx to some extents.

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Laboratory investigation with the Lincomycin (LCM) were performed with the results which may lead to the following conculsion. LCM concentration in blood: The method is a thin layer cup assay with Staphylococcus aureus FAD, JC-I in Mycinassay Agar (Difco). 600 mg of LCM in 250 ml. of five per cent glucose solution was administered to 5 normal adults (volunteers). The antibacterial activity in the serum at one hour ranged from 15.2 to 18.4 mcg. per ml. with an average of 16.3 mcg per ml. Activity of serum declined rapidly thereafter and that serum levels fell to 1.7 mcg. per ml. after six hours. The blood level of LCM in healthy adults who were given 600 mg of LCM intramuscularly reached maximum of 6.4 mcg per ml. one hour after administration. Even at six hours after intramuscular injection, clinically effective serum LCM concentration 1.9 mcg per ml. was still demonstrable.

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