The author outlines the sound sensibility of the Japanese, and concludes that the Japanese have most high-grade sensibility to the tone and the rhythm, but are considerably inferior in the sensibility to the pitch.

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The histological findings and the results of experimental researches of the inner ear of the presbyacusic indicate the atrophy and degeneration of N. acusticus, spiral nervous cells and postganglionic nervous fibers, and the so-called degeneration of nervous epithel of cells in the cochlear duct. The author found always the figure of degeneration of nervous epithel, when endolymph sac was opened before the hearing organ was thrown into the fixing liquid and the endolymph was sucked and dried, with men, guinea pigs and rabbits. Therefore, the author states the need of re-investigation to decide whether this degeneration is related with the presbyacusis or not.

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The author has performed tonsillectomy on patients of aged ranging from 3 years to 65 in more than twenty years of his practice, but no tonsillotomy. Explaining his method of cperation, apparatuses and technique, he maintains that the operation must be finished speedily and the sutur had better not be employed.

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The author describes the outline of the methods and theories of operations for the improvement of hearing, ranging from fenestration to tympanoplasty, and some recent cases of operation. Fenestration was initiated 20 years ago and is almost completed, but there still remain problems of postoperative labyrinthitis, etc. Tympanoplasty is rather new and there are many problems that must be solved in the future.

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1) The method of administering 2g of streptomycin' a week gives better results than the method of administering 1g per day regarding the occurrence of deafness and from the other points of view.
2) It is necessary for early discovery and prophylaxis of this disease that C₄ or C₅ dip of the audiogram is detected before 50g of streptomycin has been administered.
3) From the etiological viewpoint, the pathological disturbance occurred first in the internal ear and secondarily in the central part.
4) According to these experimetal results, the therapeutic and prophylactic eflect of chondroitin sulfuric acid is proved.
5) According to studies of deafness-causing element in each part of the chemical structure of dihydro-streptomycin, deafness is caused more by dihydro-streptobiosamine than by streptidine. Saku (Fukuoka)

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Of 2410 cases of esophageal diseases, 779 were subjected to resection of the cancer of the esophagus and the cardia in the last 10 years, and 104 of these survived 2 years or more, and 19 for five years or more.
Experience shows that the subcutaneous antethoracic esophago-gastrostomy by the author's method is better adapted to the resection of the cancer of the upper and midthoracic esophagus than any other similar operation. The immediate postoperative death occurred in no more than 8.3% of the cases (SWEET: 25 %, GARLOCK: 38.4%). The author's method proved to excel the intrathoracic esophago-gastrostomy in the remote results, too.

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Of 543cases of patients who were suspected of foreign bodies in the food passage, 97 cases were found to be real foreign bodies in the esophagus and 40 cases in the stomach, including 64 coins and 16 fish-bones. The authors discussed the clinical significance of foreign bodies and a surveillance was requested for the discharge even though that was in the stomach.

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A new simplified forceps is recommended by the author, which allows easy ligatures of bleeding vessels from tonsillectomized wound. The instruments are consisted of two parts: a modifiied Pean's forceps which has a small groove on the one of extremities, and an opening forceps which has smooth grooves on the outside of both extremities. The way to apply this instruments is shown in the figures in detail.

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The authors reviewed the new technique for relieving otosclerotic deafness, mobilization of the stapes, which was presented lately by Rosen, and discussed of these procedures now prevailed as compared with that of fenestration.
They also reported three cases of otosclerosis, extremely rare in Japan, which were submitted the stapes mobilization by us, resulting in successful, temporary good and failed one respectively.

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The labyrinth necrosis has become a rare disease since the antibiotics and the chemotherapeutics appeared. The author reports a case of labyrinth necrosis. The patient was a 14-year-old boy who was given a radical operation of the left middle ear cholesteatoma otitis. The labyrinth necrosis was found during the operation. No disturbance of equilibrium was observed, probably because the formation of necrosis of the labyrinth was very slow.

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The author reports on 51 cases of complaints of living foreign bodies in the external ear canal, from his practising experience in the past 6 years. In 5 cases no foreign body was found, and the rest consisted of 23 cases of moths, 17 cases of Coleoptera, 3 cases of rice- insects, 1 case of a fly, 1 case of an ant, and 1 case of a bristletail. The author removed the insects after killing them with alcohol.

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The author reports 4 cases of tinnitus where Neo-restamin and VitaminBi were effective.
Case 1: A man aged 23 had had bilateral tinnitus from 1 month before, recovered with Neo- restamin injection (1 cc), and has not had any recurrence for 2 months.
Case 2: A man aged 22 had had bilateral tinnitus from 4 months before, recovered with 3 shots of Neo-restamin injection, and has not had any recurrence for 1.5 months.
Case 3: A man aged 43 had had left tinnitus from 1 year before, recovered with 3 shots of Neo-restaminin jection.
Case 4: A woman aged 32 had had left tinnitus. The air treatment and Neo-restamin injection took no effect, and 4 shots of Vitamin B1 (50mg) and Vitamin C (100 mg) injection proved effective, although she had had beriberi before. Masuda (Fukuoka)

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The author reports a method of removel of the solitary postnasal polyp and 6 cases of this disease.
The method is as follows: two small vinyl tubes are let through the nose and pharynx into the oral cavity, a silk thread is fixed to each end of the tubes, and the vinyl tubes are pulled out from the nose, with the silk thread placed around the polyp. Then the polyp is cut out quite easily.

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When the operative treatment of sinusitis maxillaris and ethmoidalis chronica is perfor med, especially when sinus maxillaris and ethmoidalis are operated on combinedly, it is con sidered that the post-operative treatment begins by inserting tampons for haemostasis.
For this purpose, the authors made cylindrical tampons of polyethylene and have used them in 163 sides of 85 patients and have had excellent results.
Important merits of this tampon are as follows.
1) It is no less effective than gauze tampons in checking the bleeding right after the opera tion and the post-operative bleeding.
2) It can be left in position for any length of time.
3) It drains secretions very effectively.
4) It maintains its shape and the hardness can be adjusted.
5) When removed, the tampon slides out easily with no pain to the patient. The bleeding occurred in no more than 4%.

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The author performed the total extirpation of the lingual goitre of a 18-year-old girl, who had had a partial extirpation of the goitre 3 years before. She died of myxoedema-in six months after the operation.
The author stresses the importance of extirpating the lingual goitre partially, when the patient has had an opreation on the goitre before.

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The authors experienced a case of complaint of hoarseness and difficulty of breathing caused by the chronic arsenic intoxication with dry-milk in 1955. It is stated that with children of chronic intoxication with trivalent colloidal arsenic, such symptoms of the larynx as hoarseness are common and sometimes serious difficulty of breathing ensues.

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Two cases of typical lymphatic reticulosarcoma that originated in the left tonsil were kept under clinical observation all through their courses. The patients were both female, one aged 31 and the other 32. In one case the disease, taking a rapid course, responded markedly to radio-and chemotherapy, and yet relapsed in various other Parts of the body by metastases. In the other case, on the other hand, it took a slow course, causing much pain and not responding to any treatment. It proved equally fatal in both the cases.

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The author reports a case of a 55-year-old man who died of many complications in a year after the polypotomy of the nose. The patient had suffered from diabetes mellitus before. The author emphasizes the importance of detailed local and general tests before the operation even if it is a minor operation. Kida (Fukuoka)

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The author reports a case of papilloma in the soft palate of a suckling. The resection of papilloma was effected in 5 instalments ovre 11 days. The tumor was cured in some parts and recurred in other parts. Virus, continual stimulation of the nipple, and the living environment of the baby are considered to be three probable causes of this papilloma. Masuda (Fukuoka)

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The author reports a case of spontaneous retropharyngeal abscess in a 20-year-old woman. It proceeded mainly as the neck phlegmon in the beginning and in the end a small localized abscess was formed. The healing was effected repidly after incision of the abscess. The administration of the antibiotics, 1, 000, 000 u. of penicillin and 300 mg of achromycin, was so effective that the patient tide over the peak of the symptom in a short period and was cured smoothly.

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The author believes that ligation is the best method of hemostasis after tonsillectomy, He follows the following steps ; first the bleeding point is pinched with Pean's hemostat, and a curved needle held by another hemostat is passed under its point, and the point is tied up. This is simple and can easily be learned by some practice. The author has had no experience of serious bleeding after tonsillectomy since he adopted this method of ligation.

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The author reports a case of hypopharyngeal polyp. The patient was a 50-year-old woman, whose chief complaint was paresthesia at hypopharynx. The polyp measuring 2.2×1.8×1.1 cm was extirpated. Histolgically, it was a fibroma.

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Authors report on the X-ray images and radioscopy of 2 patients with difficulty of swallowing ; a 29-year-old man with associated paralysis of larynx and a 69-year old woman with right side paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and right side goiter. The authors observed a good deal of barium-pasta stopped in the right side piriform recess of the former case. After four months, the patient became asymptomatic and the pasta could not be found in the right side piriform recess. By X-ray photography of the second case, the cervical esophagus seemed to be pressed to the right side to form the diverticulum, but by the X-ray illumination it was not diverticulum.
The authors emphasize the importance of joint use of X-ray illumination and photography.

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A case of combined, crossed laryngeal paralysis of a man aged 43 years, is reported. The complaints were mainly vertigo, hoarseness, double vision, hypesthesia or anesthesia on the left half of the face and on the right half of the body and the extremities, and relaxation and ptosis of facial muscles on the left side. From these symptoms and their progress, it seems that in this case the fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth (vestibular nerves only), and tenth cranial nerves were affected by hemorrhage chiefly on the back face of the part between the lower porton of pons and the upper portion of medulla oblongata. It is likely that the nystagmus towards left at any stimulation on the peripheral labyrinth was caused by the fact that the abnormal excitement in the left vestibular nucleus area surpassed always the peripheral laby- rintheal excitement.

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A case of unilateral facial paralysis complicated with disturbance of the deglutition move- ment is reported.
The patient was a woman aged 51. The cause was unknown. She had had persistent articular rheumatism 3 years before. Intra-venous injection of 50 cc of Maylon and diathermy treatment effected a rapid and complete cure once, but after a few days this disease relapsed and after that the tendency of recovery was slow.

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Recently, the patients of diphtheria are inclined to increase, and 20% of the cases are gangrenous diphtheria. The suspension of the preventive vaccination due to the accident seems to be the cause of this increase. The invention of Anatoxin, the diphtheria preventive vaccina-tion, presented a progress in the preventive medicine. The author describes some recent problems of Anatoxin in Japan.

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As this examination has not yet been used in too many cases and the author has not had the opportunity to try this method on patients of internal ear diseases, it cannot be concluded that it is a method of examination of the function of the labyrinth. But if the test is recog- nized as one of the clinical examinations,(1) it does not give patients unpleasant feeling as in the case of the rotatory after-nystagmus, and (2) is free from the danger of perforation of the tympanic membrane and infection by accidental infusion of bacteria into the postoper- ative wounds as in the test of thermic nystagmus.(3) Accurate examination can be made on one side and then on another, without pain to the patient.(4) The instruments used are simply the cells, a rheostat and an ammeter.

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