In this report the author reviewed the latest progress in the clinical treatment of the malignant tumor in the head and neck region.
The X-ray diagnosis is one of the most effective ways to make the early diagnosis of the malignant tumor in the head and neck region. Arteriography is employed when tumor invades the lower region of the neck. Arteriography of A. carotis externa discloses the posterior or posterior-superior extent of maxillary cancer. Recently, a considerable improvement about venography of the jugular vein has been made. Lymphography has been widely employed in gynaecology and urology, but otolaryngologically it cannot be so successfully employed because it is difficult to expose the peripheral lymph vessel.
At present, circus-tomography is the most effective method to diagnose the maxillary cancer, especially so in examining if the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus has been invaded. Laryngography is also effective in knowing the invasion area of epiglottic cancer.
Recently ultrasonic diagnosis is applied in head and neck surgery. In maxillary cancer, the ultrasound which is discharged from the anterior wall of the antrum is reflected at the tumor and gives a so-called malignant echo. This method is also employed to find laryngeal cancer and parotid tumor.
Maxillary cancer: The survival ratio of maxillary cancer has been very low. Pre-operative irradiation has been exercised several years since and in some cases postoperative irradiation has also been employed. It has been known that, when oxygen increases, tumor tissue is more sensitive to irradiation. Infusion of H202 into blood flow before the irradiation brings better results.
Anti-cancer agents have been widely used, and in giving the agents infusion or perfusion method is now preferred in order to prevent their aftereffect.
Hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer: An early treatment of laryngeal cancer brings good results, especially so in case of glottic cancer, even though only irradiation therapy is applied to it. The partial resection of larynx or the operation preserving the function of the larynx has been exercised.
Pre-operative irradiation therapy is exercised also on maxillary cancer. A radiation dose of 4000 r is adquate for preventing the severe lesion of the regional skin. Radiation therapy is more difficult than is supposed to be and we need a closer co-operation with radiologist.
Cancer of the tongue: The most applicable therapy to the tongue cancer is Ra-needling, and when the tumor is too invasive to apply the needling, the resection of the tongue is employed. Recently, in the needling wider irradiation with a reduced irradiation dose is attempted.
When the tumor invades so widely beyond the midline, the total glossectomy is exercised. In this case the patient has difficulty in swallowing and articulation disturbance but survival ratio is not so bad as is suposed to be.
Radical neck dissection: It is one of the most effective ways of treatment to the regional metastasis of the head and neck malignant tumor. Much attention has been paid in recent years to the inner carotid artery, and about the transplantation of artificial artery for the invaded carotid artery several successful cases have been reported.
Parotid tumor: About 3% of all the cases of the head and neck tumor are those of parotid tumor, and one five of them are malignant. Most of them have been treated operatively, because parotid tumor is generally less radio-sensitive. When the tumor is adherent to the facial nerve, it should be totally exstirpated together with the facial nerve, and afterwards the nerve anastomosis should be tried. In some cases, in wich the tumor invade widely, partial resection of the mandible or mastoid process is necessary.
Organ transplantation: Recently, the transplantation of the stomach or small intestine has been exercised after the resection of the esophagus. In such cases we need closer cooperation with surgeons.

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This paper is the synopsis of the author's lecture manuscript. The author emphasized that the treatment of neurosis should rightly be done not only by psychiatrists but also by every physician of any other sort, because it may often be successful by some brief suggestion or persuation made to the patient.
To diagnose the case as neurosis, we must recognize the non-existence of somatic genesis. But it is not satisfactory to find no organic change in the patient; it is neccesary positively to discover some psychogenic genesis in him. Neurosis is caused by the patient's character and environment, but its special feature consists in the existence of the patient's consciousness of disease.
Similar types of this disease are, anxiety neurosis, hypochondriasis, compulsive neurosis, hysteria and others.
We can not draw a clear distinction between psychosomatic disease and neurosis, because in the former it is difficult to discover any organic change in the patient from the technical standpoint.
This sort of disease, in the otorhinolaryngological region, may cause Mènéièr's disease, deafness, tinnitus, vertigo, allergic rhinitis, nose obstruction, laryngeal neurosis, allergy of the larynx, dyspnea, neurosis of the esophagus, spasm of the esophagus, etc.
The treatment of neurosis, except such complicated cases as to need a special psychiatric treatment, is generally successful by the simultaneous administration of some minor tranquilizer for example Chlordiazepoxide or Diazepam, and of the physician's brief suggestion, persuation and other mental treatments. Not rarely our kindness to the patient brings fair results.

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Phosphorylase is an enzyme which acts upon glycogen synthesis and degradation; it catalyzes the reversible reaction: Glycogen⇔Glucose-l-phosphat.
Histochemical studies were carried out to define the location and to examine the activity of phosphorylase in the cochlea of a guinea pig according to the method established by Takeuchi and Kuriaki.
Strong activity of phosphorylase was recognized in the outer hair cells, the Deiters' cells, and the spiral ganglion cells.
This enzyme activity was stronger at the upper turn and declined gradually as it went to the basal turn. It was week in the spiral ligament, the inner hair cells, and the Reissner's membrane. Unexpectedly it was not proved to exist in the stria vascularis, in which respiratory enzyme shows the strongest activity in the whole cochlea.
Judging from the distribution of phosphorylase in the cochlea, the authors presumed that the sensory cells, the spiral ganglion cells and the Deiters' cells might get energy for sound transmission by means of anaerobic glycolysis, when they lack oxygen as a result of their overfunction or the vascular disfunction of the cochlea.

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the author dealed with the etiology, symptomatology, therapeutics of Lermoyez's syndrome from the past literatures.
The patient who shows the clinical pattern described by Lermoyez seems to be rare.
Two cases in which Lermoyez's syndrome was appeared in the course of Ménière's disease were reported.
The first case was a 32 years old male. The patient complained of deafness and tinnitus, but the hearing became good after a sudden vertigo. Which was consistent withiLermoyez's expression.
The second one was a 56 years old male. This patient complained of vertigo, tinnitus and deafness at the outset, but the recurring attacks of vertigo were followed by disappearance of tinnitus and the improvement of hearing.
The author thought Lermoyez's syndrome and Meniere's disease are similar etiology.

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Twenty cases of sensory-neural deafness such as acoustic trauma, streptomycin poisoning, Ménière's disease and some kinds of deafness whose geneses are unknown were treated with Adenosine in expectation of the cochlear vasodilatator effect of this drug.
Out of 20 cases, 35 ears of sensory-neural deafness were observed. 60 mg of the agent a day was given by mouth for several weeks.
The author evaluated the agent to be effective when the data indicated the improvement of hearing over 10 db in two of the three calculating methods employed as follows; the average of hearing loss in cases of 125, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 cps, the average of hearing loss in the speech range of frequencies (500, 1000 and 2000 cps) and the average of hearing loss in cases of 250, 1000 and 4000 cps.
Hearing loss was imploved in 6 out of 35 ears (17%) and tinnitus vanished or diminished in 8 out of 27 ears (29.6%).
This drug is comparatively effective for Ménière's disease, acoustic trauma and streptomycin poisoning.

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The authors applied “Lisozym”( a sort of Mucopolysaccharase generally existing in living bodies) to 35 patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, and examined its effects pathohistologically. 90 mg of this drug a day was administered internally, from immediately after the operation of one side till the next operation of the other side (7-23 days). About the obtained 70 mucosas, the efficiency of the drug was estimated by means of the extend of oedema, dilatation of capillary vessels, cell infiltration, exforation of epitheliums or by means of the condition of cilia.
The efficiency rate was 54.2% and no after-effect was observed. And the efficiency was higher in the patients below twenty years, and became remarkable after 2 weeks administration of it.
“ Lisozym” is supposed to be efficient in little children to whom operation is difficult to be applied, and is recommended to be tried for 3 weeks at least.

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The case of a man 46 years old who had the Avellis syndrome of chronic process, intoxicated by an agricultural medicine Hollidol (Parathion) was reported. Generally chronic toxic symptom rarely occurs through Parathion. In this case, it is assumed that at first the week action of Parathion slightly suppressed the work of cholinesterase, but after that reactionarily, the action of Parathion had been activated, and the dissolution of acetylcholin had acted to paralyze upon the neuromuscular junction of recurrent nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve.

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Es wird iiber einen Fall von einem tanzenden Fremdkorper bei einem 6 jahrigen Buben berichtet. Der vor 2 Tagen aspirierte Bronchial-Fremdkorper (ein glattes kugeliges Steinchen, 0.9×1.0×0.7cm) hat sich wahrend der Endoskopie in den subglottischen Raum eingekeilt. Weil der Fremdkorper glatt and rund war, gelang es den Verfassern nicht, ihn mit gewohnlichen Zangen oder Pinzetten zu entfernen. Um das Hinabgleiten des Fremdkorpers in die Luftrohre zu verhiiten, legten die Verfasser eine Kiirette f iir Frauenheilkunde in den untersten Teil der tracheotomierten Wunde. Dann liessen die Verfasser mittels eines kleinen Raspatoriums den Fremdkorper bis zur Kiirette gelangen and mit Hilfe dieser 2 Instrumente konnten die Verfasser den Fremdkorper, ohne die Atmung zu storen, sicher entfernen.

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This report presents two cases of inspiratory dyspnea in whom urgent tracheotomy was performed with some difficulties because of unexpected tracheal stenosis. In the first case dyspnea had been caused by bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis and intratracheal invasion of cervical esophagus carcinoma, and the latter had not been discovered until the trachea was opened. In the second case presophageal abscess which was enlarged towards the tracheal lumen was the cause of stenosis of the air way. This abscess could not been found before the operation.
In each case, surgical manipulations on the anterior wall of the trachea increased the grade of dyspnea markedly. The first case was cured by hurried opening of the trachea at the lower site than usual tracheotomy, however, the second case was suffocated and cardiac arrest followed. Though the patient was recovered from asphixia by heart massage and forced respiration, she died 28 hours after the operation without recovering consciousness.
It was the common cause of dyspnea of these cases that the trachea was almost obstructed at the site where usual tracheotomy was done. This obstruction is diffcult to be found preoperatively when urgent tracheotomy is recommended, because there is no time to examine the patient precisely in such a condition. Reflecting the cases reported, it was discussed how such a tracheal stenosis can be found as early as possible and how tracheotomy should be performed in such a case safely.

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The foreign body patients during 1946 to 1962 in the Otolaryngological Clinic, Miike Mining Company Hospital were 938, that is, 55.2 per year, their percentage to all the outpatients was 0.97 and the number of the foreign bodies was 947.
The frequency of localisation: pharynx 37.9%, external auditory canal 35.7%, nasal cavity 13.2%, esophagus 9.0%, larynx 2.9%, trachea and bronchus 1.3%.
Both the statistics of the distribution of cases according to age, sex, side, month, and season, and those of the relationship between the localisation of foreign bodies and the criteria above mentioned were observed and compared with a few other papers of this sort.
The local frequency of each foreign body in author's clinic remarkably differs from those in the clinics of university medical schools. It was recognized that the statistics about foreign bodies is more or less influenced by environment, climate and the character of hospitals.

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