In September 1973, amidotrizoate (76% Urografin) was injected intravenously in one case of sudden deafness for the test of iodism and significant effects on hearing and tinnitus were observed. On the bases of this experience, intravenous injection of 1-2ml amidotrizoate was tried for the treatment of sudden deafness with obscure etiology. During the past 6 months, six of 20 cases have recovered completely in a few days after institution of this treatment. The rate at which hearing returned in these cases was compared with that in other cases which were treated successfully by the stellatum blockade or others, and it was found that the former was significantly steeper than the later. This new method of treatment was uneffective for the cases with high tone loss or total loss of hearing. The probable effect of amidotrizoate for sudden deafness was discussed.

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From 1960 to 1971, 181 cases of carcinoma of the larynx were treated at our clinic: 73 cases of supraglottic, 98 cases of glottic and 10 cases of subglottic carcinoma. The policy to select therapeutic procedure has been changed from extensive surgery for any case to conservation surgery or radiation for selected cases. The purpose of the present study is to determine the treatment of choice for each region and T category on the basis of a retrospective study of the cases. The results led us to the following conclusions:
1. Supraglottic carcinoma. Radiation or partial laryngectomy is the treatment of choice for T1 lesions. T2 lesions are amenable to supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. In most cases of T 3 and T 4 lesions total laryngectomy should be indicated. Strictly selected cases of these lesions can be treated safely with extended supraglottic horizontal laryngectomy. An elective neck dissection should be performed for T2, T3 and T4 lesions.
2. Glottic lesions. Radiation of full dosis (6,000 rad) is the treatment of choice for T1 lesions. Partial laryngectomy should be indicated for T2 lesions. It is safe to treat T3 lesions with total laryngectomy. Selected cases of T3 lesions, however, can be amenable to vertical partial laryngectomy. Total laryngectomy must be performed in cases with T4 lesions. No elective neck dissection is required for glottiic carcinoma unless there is cancerous invasion into the subglottic region.
3. Subglottic lesions. There were no cases of T1 and T2 lesions in the series of cases of the present study. T3 and T4 lesions should be treated with total laryngectomy. An elective neck dissection, especially with a complete removal of the paratracheal lymph nodes, should be performed for subglottic lesions.

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A case of sphenoid sinus carcinoma of the right side representing Garcin syndrome has been reported. The present-case (34 year old male) was the 26 th case as Garcin syndrome, the 9th case as sphenoid carcinoma so far reported in Japan.
On rhinological surgery of sphenoid sinus carcinoma, most cranial nerve symptoms other than optic as well as trigeminal nerve symptoms have been improved. The maxillary nerve which is the second branch of the trigeminus traversing along anterior superior wall of sphenoid sinus, penetrating into intracranium towards trigeminal ganglion might paralized motor neuron just situating underneath. Therefore, trigeminal disturbances still remained after surgery could be referred to motor neuron involvement along with sensory neuron by carcinoma. On the other hand, optic nerve disturbance might be due to inflammatory changes often seen in mucocele as well as carcinomatous infiltration. Other cranial nerve symptoms which were recovered their functions by surgery were concluded to be rather carcinomatous neuropathy-certain reactive alterations of peripheral nerves originated by cancer than direct carcinomatous infiltration.

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Es sollen hier die klinischen Symptome, Operationsbefunde und ihre Ergebnisse von 2 Fällen der seltenen Mucocele der Kieferhöhle beschrieben werden. Beim ersten Fall, eine 65-jährige Frau, werden die Beschwerden Anschwellung der linken Wange und starke Schmerzen. Beim 2. Fall hat das 10-jährige Mädchen über ein schmerzloses Vorspringen des rechten Augapfels und Sehstörung derselben Seite geklagt.
Bei der Operation nach Luc-Caldwell wurden in jedem Fall totale Versperrung der natürlichen Mündung der Kieferhöhle, Verdünnung oder teilweiser Defekt der Kieferhohlenwand, Erweiterung der Kieferhöhle und reichliche Stagnation des Eiters festgestellt. Der Exophthalmus beim 2. Fall war vermutlich durch die Verdünnung des Orbitalbodens und Hinaufschiebung desselben wegen der Innendrucksteigerung verursacht, da es keinen Knochendefekt der KieferhOhlenwand gab.
Glatte Genesung in jedem Fall.

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The follow-up of the patients who suffered diphtheria in 1956 and 1957 was performed, and the following conclusions were obtained.
Adaptation of the human body to the internal environment is maintained by an autoadaptation mechanism regulated through the biological binary digit. The autoadaptation mechanism consists of the accomodation mechanism and the defense mechanism; the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which is fundamental for the accomodation mechanism, constitutes main factors for the constitutional condition of human body, and the imbalance of the ANS causes acute adaptational disturbances. Hosts with an imbalance of the ANS often fall into acute adaptational disturbances in acute diseases such as infection, inflammation and poisoning. A series of acute to chronic adaptational disturbances occurs depending upon various combination of the degree of imbalance of the ANS of hosts and the intensity of the offensive power of stimulant factors.

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Es handelt sich urn einen 59-jährigen Mann, der seit 5 Jahren eine schmerzlose Anschwellung der rechten Parotisgegend bemerkt hat. Durch Operation konnten die Verfasser aus dieser Stelle 4 Tumoren ausschälen, die sich alle histologisch als papilläres Zystadenolymphom (Warthin-Tumor) erwiesen.
Obwohl einige Fälle mit bilateralem oder multipel unilateralem Vorkommen des Tumors in der japanischen Literatur berichtet worden sind, scheint den Verfassern der Fall mit 4 Tumoren in einer Region selten zu sein. Das multiple Vorkommen des Tumors in einer Region kann durch die bis heute am besten unterstiitzte Theorie, daB der Tumor in einer heterotopischen Wucherung des Epithels vom Ausführungsgang der Parotis in einem Lymphknoten besteht, wohl begrif fen werden.

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A two-year-old boy had a firm, polypoid tumor filled the right external auditory canal. At operation the tumor was found arising from the posterior superior wall near the tympanic membrane and was totally excised. Histological examination showed a poorly differentiated myxoid type of liposarcoma. Regrowth of the tumor was noted 10 days after operation. The patient underwent 3, 100 rad of electron and the tumor disappeared at the end of the treatment. No sign of recurrence was present at one-year follow up examination.

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The mucous membrane of the nose has a special function of warming and moistening the inspired air. The membrane reacts quickly to such exegenous stimuli as coldness, medicaments and allergic antigens. These physiological and pathological reactions are probably regulated by the adaptability of blood vessels of the nasal mucosa.
The specimens for this electron microscopic study were obtained from Little's area of the nasal septum and the anterior surface of the inferior turbinate of ten male and four female patients during surgery. They were fixed in 2.5% glutar aldehyde and 1% osmic acid, embedded in Epon 812 and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.
The following results were obtained:
1) The muscular arteries possess a composite internal elastic membrane, very thin basement membrane and thick, filamentous smooth-muscle layers. Many cholinergic and a few adrenergic nerve endings are found in the adventitia of these arteries.
2) The arterioles are characterized by thick, dense smooth-muscle layers. They lack the internal elastic membrane. The endothelial cells are tall and have scanty cytoplasm.
3) The cavernous sinus lacks the internal elastic membrane. The tunica media of the wall is characterized by thick, irregular smooth-muscle layers, a large number of elastic fibers and collagen fibers.
4) The venules of the propria are characterized by large internal space and thin, poorly differentiated perivascular cells. The internal surface is continuously lined by five to ten endothelial cells, although the surrounding basement membrane is discontinuous. The endothelial cells show high pinocytotic activity and contain many dense bodies and fine filaments. The junction of each endothelial cell appears to be sealed by tight substances.
5) The capillaries are varied in their structure. The internal surface of capillaries in the tunica mucosa is lined by non-fenestrated endothelial cells and basement membrane, and usually surrounded by a pericyte. Fenestrated capillaries are occasionally found neighboring the nasal glands, but the fenestrations are rather few in number. The wall of capillary is thin at the side adjoining the nasal gland and many fenestrations are found over that side. The capillaries directly beneath the epithelial lining are characterized by very thin endothelial cells with many fenestrations which are mainly found on their epithelial side. The endothelial cells of all types of capillaries show relatively low pinocytotic activity.
6) The control mechanism of nasal blood flow seems to be of complexity. The fine structure of these blood vessels suggests that the muscular arteries and arterioles may supply rapid blood flow to the peripheral blood vessels by strong contraction of the wall. The veins, venules and capillaries may act as a capacity vessels by expanding of the wall.
7) The increase of vascular permeability of the nasal blood vessels may occur mainly through venules and the fenestrated capillaries. Especially rapid transport of fluid with such high molecular substances as serum proteins, may occur through an increased pinocytosis of venules.
8) The wall of venule-like capillaries immediately beneath the epithelial lining and venules in the superficial portion of the mucosa are thin and brittle, so that they are easily damaged by endogenous and exogenous forces. The structural features of these vessels are considered to explain the cause of nasal hemorrhage.

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The relation between the otolithic function and caloric-induced nystagmus was investigated. In the present study the author gave linear acceleration to human labyrinths by using the parallel-swing apparatus of which cycle was 1/3 cps and the amplitude is 60cm. The effect of linear acceleration on the nystagmus induced by caloric stimulus was observed in the electronystagmographic recording.
The following conclusions were obtained:
a) The caloric-induced nystagmus observed in normal subjects were influenced by the parallel-swing stimulation.
b) Ten seconds after the end of the caloric-induced nystagmus, the parallel-swing stimulation is begun. In this trial the author observed the secondary phase nystagmus in 38% of normal subjects.
c) The response caused by caloric stimulus is generally regarded as that of the function of semicircular canals, but it is probable that the otolithic function is concerned with caloric responses.

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Electrical resistance of the endolymphatic wall of guinea-pig cochlea was measured. The average value of the resistance between scala media of the first turn and neck was 7.4±0.6 Kilohms. No correlation was found between resistance and Ep in the normal cochlea. Biphasic changes were noted at the beginning of the asphyxia and at recovery from the asphyxia.
It appears that these changes are due to alteration of stria vascularis resistance as well as of basilar membrane resistance.

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Acetazolamide is a diuretic which acts to inhibit the carbonic anhydrase in the kidney tubule. The authors reported that acetazolamide causes a depression of CM. In this paper it was studied what effects acetazolamide might have on the CM modified by NaCl-crystals on the round window membrane. The following results were obtained.
1. The placement of NaCl-crystals caused an increase of CM for 3 min. and 20 sec., a decrease to 55.0% of the initial value of the CM within 15 min., a gradual recovery to 71.0% within 40 min. and then a gradual second depression.
2. The placement of NaCl-crystals on the round window membrane with the premedication of 50mg/kg of acetazolamide caused an overshoot of CM and a gradual decrease.
3. The placement of NaCl-crystals on the round window membrane with the premedication of 200mg/kg of acetazolamide caused an overshoot for 4 min. and 10 sec. and then a gradual decrease. This pattern is similar to the CM of No.2.
As compared with the control, the overshoot was long and the primary depression and a recovery ware not observed. But the variation of CM since the 45 th minute was almost the same. Acetazolamide would surpress the invasion of NaCl into the inner ear fluids through the round window membrane and surpress the increase in the volume of the inner ear fluids as well as other diuretics. But it seemed that acetazolamide is different from other diurectics in some action points in the mechanism of endolymphatic production and absorption. The pattern of CM modified by the placement of NaCl on the round window membrane with the premedication of acetazolamide was similar to those which were caused by the placement of NaCl on the round window membrane with the premedication of norepinephrine or propranolol.

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