Investigations were made mainly for the purpose of clarifying the histopatho-logical changes with age in the chronically-infected maxillary mucous membranes. Two hundred three pieces of maxillary mucous membrane were taken from the one hundred twenty-five patients who had undergone the operation of the chronic sinusitis. Mucous membranes, removed with as little damage as possible, were immediately placed in 10% formalin or in plain alcohol. After the fixation, cutting was made through the center of the cyst-like mucous membrane, and 2 or 3 paraffin blocks were made of each piece. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was made in all cases, and one or some methods of Weigert van Gieson, Azan, Fibrin, PAS, Alcian Blue, Toluidine Blue and Alcian Blue-PAS combination were applied in some cases.
The histopathologcal observations in each case were made in special reference to these points:
1) Changes in epithelial layer.
2) Changes in subepithelial layer and tunica propria.
3) Changes in glands.
4) Changes in blood vessels.
All the specimens were classified as of four grades according to the histopathological changes, and all the cases were devided into 3 groups according to the age of patients, that is, the first group of patients below 15 years of age, the second 16-44 and the third above 45.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) Histopathological classification as of 7 types was made according to the most dominant changes among edema, cellular infiltration and fibrous proliferation. Namely, 1. Edematous type, 2. Infiltrative type, 3. Fibrous type, 4. Edematous-Infiltrative type, 5. Edematous-Fibrous type, 6. Infiltrative-Fibrous type, 7. Mixed type.
2) The edematous type was most frequently seen in the cases below 15 years of age. This fact indicates that in children the chronicity of sinusitis was not so great and the disease was comparatively in its early stage. It has been said that allergy has considerable influence upon sinusitis which is characterized by the marked edema and eosinophilic infiltration into tissue. But in this investigation, such characteristics were rarely observed.
3) The infiltrative type was most frequently seen in the cases 16-44 years of age. This fact indicates that in youth the chronicity of sinusitis was the greatest and the disease came to its most vigorous stage. The cellular infiltration was characterized by the presence of large numbers of lymphocytes and plasma cells with a few eosinophils and neutrophils.
4) The proliferation of connective tissue was most frequently seen in the maxillary mucous membranes of older persons. From this point, it may be considered that in older persons the disease had come to the end. On the other hand, there were several cases which showed the fibrous proliferation even in children below 15 years.
5) The atrophy of glands was seen in any group, but it was a little marked in the cases of older persons.
6) The remarkable changes of blood vessels were observed in the highly fibrous and highly infiltrative types and the slight changes of blood vessels were found in the edematous group. In the group of children, capillary proliferation, thickening of blood vessels and hyperplasia of endothelium were notable, and it may be said that thrombosis, hyalinization or fibrinoid degeneration of vessels becomes remarkable as age proceeds.

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Recently, the methods of testing hearing have been improved, but these objective methods are still not very satisfactory with young children.
A publication by Prof. H. ROHRACHER of Vienna University stated that human beings and all other warm-blooded animals have minute vibrations on all parts of the body surface. The vibrations of a human being have an amplitude of O. 5 to 3μ and a frequency of 7 to 13 cps. This vibration has been called “Microvibration”(MV). It is assumed that the autonomic nervous system plays a part in the occurrence of MV, however the mechanism of MV is not yet clear. The author has studied the changes in Microvibration caused by auditory stimuli as a new method of testing hearing.
In my work, a special pick-up was used which was connected with an amplifier (Nihon Kohden Kogyo Co. Tokyo). The recording was done through the pick-up which was applied to various parts of the subjects. In analyzing the records, the author divided the vibrations into three categories-0 (4-8 cps), 06 (8-13 cps) and 0 (13-20 cps).
Testing Procedure
The subject was placed on a bed in a sound proof room. The floor was made of concrete and isolated from all other vibrations. The stimulating sounds were applied to one ear through a single head-set.
(A) The Changes in MV at the Thenar Eminence
There were 30 subjects under 6 years consisting of 10 normal children and 20 children with diminished hearing. All were sedated with nembutal (3mg/kg of Pentobarbital sodium). 5 types of stimuli were used: 1000 cps pure tone, white noise, and the sounds of a tambourine, castanets and triangle. These were recorded at the same intensity in an adjacent room. They were fed into one ear through a receiver at 70, 90 and 110 dB (Sensation level) one at a time for 3 seconds with an interval of 3 minutes.
The author found that MV could be effected with auditory stimuli during sleep as well as during a relaxed awakened state.
The chief changes were as follows:
1) In the MV wave pattern, the amplitude increased rapidly during stimulation in some cases and after stimulation in other cases.
2) In analysis, two types of responses were found: One was the acceleration of d and wave components for a few seconds after stimulation. The other was the inhibition of them, especially continuing for several seconds after stimulation. The latter was more common than the former. Changes of 0 wave component were very uncommon.
The EEG exhibited K-complex, spindle waves, suppression etc., as many authors have previously reported.
The stimulation at 110 dB produced changes which were very clear in both MV and EEG. They seemed to be the result of a startled response, but the author thought they were different from it. The weaker the stimuli, the fainter the changes in comparison with the EEG. However, the author found that there was a correlation between the response of the EEG and MV recording. When the stimulating sound became weaker than 70 dB, changes in MV were very faint.
In all, he found that the MV of the thenar eminence of young children could be changed during sleep by auditory stimuli.
(B) Overlapping Method of MV-Recording
The author felt that the faint changes of MV could not be picked up with the above mentioned recording. So the author devised another method of recording, that of “Overlap-recording” numerous recordings are overlapped graphically by rearranging the stimulating time at a given point.
The subjects, all under 6 years of age, consisted of 10 normal children and 10 children with diminished hearing. All were sedated with nembutal. The audiometer was used and the stimulating sounds lasted 3 seconds with an interval of one minute. The MV pick-up was applied to the eyelid, the cheek and the neck. In each experiment, 3 recordings were overlapped on the same recording paper.

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