This investigation was carried out in order to know the morphological features ofcoccidia in the intestinal tissue of field chickens. The materials used for it consisted of96 birds of various breeds ranging from 20 days to more than one year of age. Of them, 56 birds were affected concurrently with so-called avian leukosis and 1 bird with Gumborodisease. In principle, the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and rectum were examinedhistologically in each bird.In consequence, 17 birds were infected mainly with Eimeria acervulina (Table 1), 32 mainly with E. tenella (Tables l -3), 29 mainly with E. necatrix (Tables 2, 4), and 18mainly with E. maxima (Table 5). Twenty-three of all the birds harbored one or two ofthe species of Eimeria mentior?ed above in addition.Parasites in various sexual phases of development were observed within the epi-thelial cells of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum), and those invarious asexual phases of development in the lamina propria of the intestine, which maybe a matter of course. As to the morphology of the life cycle of Eimeria, no discrepancieswere found out between the findings obtained by the present authors and those fromexperimental studies by TYZZER6) and TYZZER et aI.7).The identification of coccidial species parasitizing the intestinal tissue will not alwaysbe difficult, if the morphology of the parasites in various stages of development and thelocalization of them in the intestinal tissue and within infected cells are understoodthoroughly.Furthermore, the following findings were pointed out in this study. Birds whichwere accompanied by another species of Eimeria in addition were comparatively numer-ous. A large number of birds had a small number of developing parasites. Retrogres-sive schizonts were fairly frequently found out. These results must be taken into con-sideration in the investigation of coccidial infection in field chickens.

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豚における細綱肉腫およびリンパ肉腫の各1例について,微細構造上の検索を行なった.細綱肉腫には,おもに2種類,すなわち増殖相および機能相の細胞が観察された.増殖相の細胞は,少数の細胞内器官を有していた.一方,機能相の細胞は,多数の細胞内器官を有していた.リンパ肉腫では, Germinoblast様およびリンパ球様細胞が見られた.これらの細胞では,細胞質内におけるrjbosomeおよびP01yll′ibOSomeの増加ならびにnuclcarpocketの形成が特徴的であった.

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著者らは,1968年5月から1971年6月までに,岐阜・愛知両県の7養鶏場で,食欲不振,黄白色ないし緑色下廂便症状を呈し,71ブリシウス嚢(F嚢)は帯黄色水腫性に腫大する雛の疾病を観察した.このr嚢乳剤を雛に経口投与して,野外例のそれに類似する症状と病変を再現するagentsを分離し得たので,その経過と,わが国におけるIBDV沈降抗体の分布について記述する.接種雛の主要購剖所見としては,F嚢の水腫性腫大,粘膜の腫脹および帯黄色化,粘膜および漿膜下の点状出血がみられ,その内腔には暗赤色(凝血様)またはチーズ様内容物をいれていた.組織所見では,F嚢に特徴的なリンパ球の変性および壊死がみられた.本agcntsは,20%エーテルおよび20%クロロホルムに対し耐性で,Mi111porcfilterの50mμは通過したが,10mμは通過しなかった.分離agentsは既知IBDV抗血清で中和された・以上の成績から,今回分離されたagcntsは工BDVと考えられた.野外血清は,1971年1月から1972年6月の間,′27道府県から無作為的に集められた3417例である.抗体保有率を口令別にみると,IEi令雛(a)が52.5%,2~30日令(b)が4.7%,31~60日令(c)が30.3%,61~100日令(d)が48.1%,101-140日令(e)が61.0%,141~200日令(f)が67.1%,および200日令以上(g)が62.0%を示し,雛の日令に伴い,陽性率が高くなった.抗体保有率を地区別にみると,四国・九州および中部地区では高く,それぞれ82.0,63.0および53.5%を示し,中国・東北および北海道では低かった・平均抗体価を日令別にみると,(b)が2.3,(c)が5.8,(d)が12.4,(c)が11.0,(f)が6.6,および(g)が5.0価となり,61~100日令雛が最も高い.この日令では,雛の感受性が最も強い31~60口令よりおくれで,抗体のピークが現われた年次別にみると,陽性雛は1964年から現われ,1968年から約50%以上の雛が陽性を示した.以上のように,IBDVはわが国に広く蔓延していることが明確になった.

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In recent years, a disease which is called panmyelopathia, bracken poisoning, or fernpoisoning has occurred and come into question among pastured cattle in various districtsof Japan. The authors have encountered some cases of the disease taking an acute fatalcourse among pastured cattle in Tottori Prefecture since 1967. This article deals witltcases which occurred in September, 1967, and were examined pathologically.The materials used for the present investigation consisted of 9 Holstein cattleranging from 8 months to 5 years of age and suffering from this disease on two improvedpasture-grounds located at the foot of Mt. Daisen. Clinically, the affected cattle had atemperature of 4l.5C and a tendency to die with multiple petechiae on the mucosa ofthe nasal cavities, oral cavity, anus and vagina in one week after falling ill. In some ofthe cattle examined, the white and red blood cell counts were less than 4, 000 and lessthan 3, 600, COO per mm3, respectively.Pathologically, general circulatory disturbances, such as nnultiple hemorrhage andedema, were first noticed. As morphological alterations which seemed to be closelyrelated to these lesions, swelling, loosening and hyalinization of the walls of blood vesselsand thrombosis were frequently pointed out. Furthermore, the thrombosis was regardedas being connected with the formation of erosions and ulcers observed in the mucotusmembranes of the nasal cavities and of the digestive canal.Secondly, the bone marrow was replaced by fatty marrow, which was associated withan increase of plasma cells and which showed no hematopoietic activity. Plasma cellsincreased in number also in the medullary cords of the Nymph nodes and splenic sinuses, as well as in the bone marrow. Furthermore, plasma cells, as associated with fibroblasts, were frequently observed in edematous connective tissues.In addition, focal hepatic necrosis, fibrinous pneumonia, and peritonitis were Ire-quently recognized. No regressive changes were present in the Iymphoid tissues. Apart from the cause of this disease encountered, many of the pathological findingsobtained were analogous to those described in the poisonous disease mentioned above.In this study, however, the appearance and increase of plasma cells were noticed invarious tissues. Then, the alteration of the walls of blood vessels and the formation ofthrombi played an important role in the histopathogenesis of hemorrhage and edema Nutthe disease encountered.

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マイコプラズマの生態学的研究の一環として,家畜の腫瘍と本菌属の関係を究明するため,各種家鳩腫瘍からマイコプラズマの分離を試みた.その結果,悪性リンパ腫症を呈した2頭の犬の牌臓およびリンパ節より,3株のマイコプラズマを分離した.これらのマイコプラズマの性状を調べ,同定を行ない,腫瘍から分離された意義について検討した.成績を要約すると,次のとおりである.I.牛8,馬2,豚6,犬9,猫I,ラット1,マウス1,鳩1の個体から,各種の腫瘍(ma11g-nantlymphoma,papi11arycarcinoma,lympho一sarcoma,rcticuIosarcoma,fibrosarcomaおよび未分類腫瘍)合計59材料を採取し,マイコプラズマの分離を試みたところ,悪性リンパ腫瘍の犬2頭の牌臓および腋窩リンパ節より,3株のマイコプラズマを分離した.他の腫瘍材料からのマイコプラズマ分離は,すべて陰性の結果に終わった.2.これらのマイコプラズマは発育阻止試験により,そのうち2株がMycoPlasmacanis,他の1株がM.edwardiiと同定された.各種生物学的生状検査の結果,これらの株は,標準株のM.canisPG-14およびM.edwardiiPG-24と,それぞれ全く一致する性状を示した.3.これらのマイコプラズマが犬の腫瘍から分離された意義を検討するため,外見的健康犬19頭,腫瘍およびそれ以外の各種疾病罹患犬21頭において,上部呼吸器道,泌尿生殖器道,内臓諸器官およびリンパ節から,マイコプラズマの分離をこころみた.健康犬からは気管18/19,膣5/7,肺1/19からのみマイコプラズマが分離されたが,その他内臓およびリンパ節は全《陰性であった.これに対し,病犬からは,気管6/13,膣3/6,尿道2/2ばかりでなく,内臓諸器官すなわち肺4/17,肝1/16,腎2/16,牌2/17,リンパ節4/18からもマイコプラズマが分離された.4.これらのマイコプラズマからクローン化された58株につき,発育阻止試験によって同定を行なったところ,31株はM.canis,7株はM.edwardii,15株はM.sPumans,5株はM.ma-culosumで,すべて犬由来の既知のマイコプラズマであった.このことから,これらのマイコプラズマは,健康犬においては,上部呼吸器道および泌尿生殖器道に正常菌叢として存在しているが,腫瘍を含め各種疾病に罹患した場合,正常の防衛機構の異常が起こり,内臓およびリンパ節にも分布したものと考えられる.家畜腫瘍のウイルス学的検索において,マイコプラズマの存在に対し注意が喚起される.

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In view of the results of experirnents34 36) conducted to fractionate the transaminasesin fowl blood plasma, some of these enzymes called forward (F)-aspartate aminotransferase(GOT), reverse (R)-GOT, F-alanine aminotransferase (GPT), and R-GPT were presumedto be contained in a limited number of albumin components35?36). No effective verifi-cation of this conjecture, however, could be made for lack of detailed information on anysystematic method for the subfractionation of fowl blood plasma albumin. Naturally, the physiochemical properties of those enzymes have been left unknown due to insuf-ftcient data.In the present investigation, a practical solution was reached for these problems bymeans of the authors method introduced. This report gives an outline of the methodused for subfractionation of plasma albumin. The results obtained are summarized asfollows. l. Disc electrophoretic analysis revealed tlaat plasma albumin consisted of six differ-ent components classified into four large divisions. The components were called I-a, [-b., I-b., I-(b, c), I-c., and I-c.. Their relative positions are shown in detail in theremarks of Table 3.The major part of the albumin was occupied by two components, I-a and I-(b, c).The ratio of both components to the total albumin was approximately 93%. The yieldper total albumin was maximum.2. The albumins subfractionated were characterized by the following physicochemi-cal properties.(a) Their isoe[ectric points were in a range of pH from 4.4 to 6.0. The isoelectricpoints of components I-a and I-(b, c) were found to be 4.7 and 4.8, respectively.(b) Their sedimentation constants ranged from a minimum value of 4.1 to amaximum value of 4, 9. The sedimentation constants of the two comopnents mentionedabove were found to be 4.4 and 4.6, respectively.(c) The different absorbancy of each component has been interpreted as indicatingthe presence of six different types of conjugated protein. The greater part of each corn-ponent, however, consisted of protein.(d) The albumins were classified roughly into a group of glucoprotein. The con-clusion was indicated by the hexosamine content included in each of the components.3. When the criteria described in Tables 3, 4-A, and 4-B were applied, a more de-tailed classification was made for the transaminases which were usually classified into fourlarge divisions, The classification finally reached is illustrated as follows.On the basis of this classification, the following conclusions could be drawn, (a) The albumin counponents were positiwe for the transamination reaction, as wasexpected. None of them reacted as a self-sttpporting transaminase, as pointecl out fromtlae observation on F-GOT, R-GOT, reversible GOT, and F-GPT mentioned above.(b) The albumin components subfractionated supported all the actixze fragments ofR-GPT.(c) The albumins contained the following transamisases: three isozymes of tlaegrou

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著者らはさきにBordetellabronchisePtica(以下B菌)感染豚の血清学的診断についてトリプトソイブイヨン培養生菌を用いる方法(ブイヨン法)を報告した.この抗原は生菌であるため保存性がなく,試験の都度調製する必要があり,また野外試験において生菌を抗原とする点に問題があり,さらに凝集反応の判定に際しやや明瞭を欠くことなどの問題点があった.そこで死菌抗原の作成を目的として,B菌の抗K,OおよびH血清を用いて凝集反応用菌株,培養条件,抗原の処理,特異性ならびに安定性などにつき再検討した.ついで自然感染豚,実験感染豚,非感染豚およびHPCD豚血清を用いてブイヨン培養生菌抗原とホルマリン死菌抗原の被凝集能を比較した.その結果,相変異に安定な1相菌株を選定し,炭末加寒天培地あるいは5%馬血液加トリプトソイ寒天培地発育菌のホルマリン死菌抗原がすぐれたK被凝集能を示した.また凝集反応はホルマリン死菌抗原をMcFarlandNo.5の濃度に調整し,被検血清と56°C,2時間感作する方法が良好な成績を示した.

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