1. The main problems of the present experiment are to investigate (1) the functions of irrelevant or static stimulus S
3 and secondary reinforcing stimulus S
4, and (2) the generalization of inhibition to original stimulus S
1 through the differential reinforcement by S
1 and S
2.
2. Experiment (1). Conditioned bar-pressing response to food was established to the presentation conditioned light stimulus S
1. And then the differential process by S
1 (0j. n. d) and S
2 (2j. n. d. or 4j. n. d.) was carried out. The condition to the responses to differential light stimulus S
2 were as follows. Group A (non-reinforcement but with the sound of food-release mechanism S
4), Group B (non-reinforcement and without S
4), Group C (non-reinforcement but with the weak electric stimulus and S
4), Group D (non-reinforcement but with the weak electric stimulus and without S
4)
All group were given twenty differential trials by S
1 and S
2, after 100 reinforcements to conditioned S
1……R responses. Light stimuli S
1 and S
2 were presented ten times each in random alternative order. Then the resistance of conditioned generalized responses to S was measured. But Group A
0 was extinguished immediately after the conditioning process, and not given the differential trails.
3. Experiment (2) After the 50 reinforcements were given to conditioned response (S
1……R), differential process by S
1 and S
2 was carried out as in the above experiment, and then S
1……R was extinguished. Control Group was extinguished without interposition of differential process. In this experiment, the conditions of Group B and D in Experiment (1) were used as the S
2 conditions. The influence of the differential process to S
1……R was measured by the strength of resistance to extinction.
4. Experiment (3) Cionditioned bar-pressing response were reinforced 50 times under the continuous presentation of light stimulus S
3. Subjects were divided into two groups: Group A was extinguished by the ordinary extinction procedure, Group B was extinguished under the same conditions of Group A although the stimulus S
3 was never presented it extinction process.
5. Results and interpretation.
a. S
1…R connection was superior in the strength of resistance to extinction. And as the distance from S
1 to S
2 in stimulus continuum increased, the strength of resistance to extinction of S
2……R decreased. (Table 2, 3)
b. Without S
3 and S
4 in the situation of extinction, the extinction process occurred more rapidly. (Table 4)
c. Under thedifferential process, S
1ER gradually decreased and then was recovered to somewaht below the maximum M. The amount of decrements of S
1ER was determined by the condition of S
2. (Figs. 2, 3, 4, 5)
The above results show that S
3 is neutralized through the differential process, and that S
1IR generalized to S
1.
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