An experiment was conducted with 52 children in whom the motive to achieve success is stronger than the motive to avoid failure (M
s>M
af) and with 65 children in whom the motive to avoid failure is stronger than the motive to achieve success (M
af>M
s), in order to examine the effects of extrinsic rewards on their intrinsic motivation in a risk-taking situation. Subjects were ramdomly assigned to either reward or no-reward conditions, and were given a ring-toss game with 16 difficulty levels. As predicted, the results showed that: (a) in the no-reward condition, subjects in whom M
s>M
af preferred to take intermediate risks, whereas subjects in whom M
af>M
s preferred to take much lower or much higher risks, and (b) in the reward condition, subjects in whom M
s>M
af and in whom M
af>M
s both preferred to take much lower risks. These findings suggest that the change in feeling of competence process may occur in the no-reward condition, and that the change in perceived locus of causality process may be initiated in the reward condition.
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