(a) The purpose of this study was to observe the persistence of the experimentally induced resistance to persuasive messages concerning three issues, regarded as undoubtedly true. (b) Experiments consisted of a defensive session where
Ss read both arguments against an issue and counterarguments supporting the issue, and an attacking session where
Ss were given persuasive communications. (c) The results of rating final belief levels about the issue on 15 point-scale showed that resistance was not induced so explicitly on the ambiguous issues involving some questionable lines of argument. (d) In this investigation,
Ss tended to change their opinion toward the direction intended by persuasive messages, and the direct presentation of refutational arguments seemed to take more effects than that
Ss realize, from those arguments, how vulnerable and ambiguous such issues were.
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