心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
35 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • 岩下 豊彦
    1964 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 57-69
    発行日: 1964年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    As an attempt to investigate the mechanisms of the self's feelings toward others and of the perception of others feeling toward the self, theoretical hypotheses were made and experimental inspections of a part of these hypotheses were described in the previous reports (1) and (2). But the main points which were aimed to examine experimentally in these two reports were the mechanisms of the occurrences of feelings toward others, not the mechanisms of the perception of feelings from others.
    In this report, an attempt was made to treat the mechanisms of the perception of other's feeling, to set up four working hypotheses made up by a part of the theoretical hypotheses related to the mechanisms of the perception of other's feelings, and also to examine these four working hypotheses experimentally. (Thetheoretical hypotheses described in report (1) were revised in this report.)
    The four working hypotheses are as follows:
    a) The self perceives that other's feeling toward the self is positive in a case; when the self infers the same pleasant feeling tone of other as that of the self, and then, the self manifests the self's pleasant feeling tone (i.e., ideal feeling tone which the self persues).
    The self perceives that other's feeling toward the self is negative in a case; when the self infers a pleasant feeling tone of others contrary to that of the self, and then, the self manifests the self's pleasant feeling tone.
    Compared with the self who has a positive feeling of self-image, the self who has a negative feeling of self-image perceives the other's negative feeling rather than the other's positive feeling toward the self.
    b) In the following three condition are filled, the self who has negative or positive feeling of self-image perceives positive feeling from a strange person A, and negative feeling from another strange person B, by manifestating the self's feelings toward a person X and a person Z, when the self perceives that X has the same feeling tone of personality and Z has a feeling tone of personality contrary to that of the self, that a strange person A's feeling toward X is positive and toward Z negative, and that another strange person B's feeling toward X is negative and toward Z positive.
    c) The self, who has positive feeling of self-image, perceives that the person. X's feeling toward the person Z is the same as the self's feeling toward the person Z, when there is a person X in whom the self perceives the same pleasant feeling tone, and a person Z in whom the self perceives the pleasant feeling tone contrary to that of the self. But the self who has negative feeling of self-image cannot perceive X's feeling toward Z.
    d) The self who has a positive or negative feeling of self-image cannot perceive the person Z's feeling toward the person X, when there is a person X in whom the self perceives the same pleasant feeeling tone, and a person Z in whom the self perceives a pleasant feeling tone contrary to that of the self, But the self who has positive feeling of self-image can perceive the feeling which the person X percieves from Z toward X.
    These working hypotheses were confirmed experimentally. The result proved to be statistically reliable, and supports these working hypotheses.
  • Lotto-Methodeにおける教示と反応型との関係
    相川 高雄
    1964 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 70-81
    発行日: 1964年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present paper treated an attempt to integrate the descriptive principles of the developmental and the temperamental-characterological studies of the “form-color” problem in the following experiment. The subjects were classified into the control group and the experimental group. Ss in the control group were conditioned by the the traditional method of instruction, while Ss in the experimental group were instructed to behave as naturally as possible with their individual tendencies. In both of the groups, the “Lotto-Method” was employed and the responses were examined and compared in each case developmentally. We clarified the meaning of respective instructions, informations, cues of response, etc., and examined the effects of the stimulus figures upon the responses. Ss were infants and children ranging in age from 3 to 12. The stimulus figures used were geometrical figures, and the effects of the responses were examined by the formula of F/(F+C)×100, which classified the responses into the pure form response (F), the form dominant response (F>C), the color dominant response (C>F), the pure color response (C) etc. These responses were respectively considered from the developmental point of view.
    The results were as follows
    1) In the case of the controlled instruction responses shifted from color to form in the ages 3-4, and in the ages older than those the form response was consistently more dominant than the color response, which in the statistical analysis, gave an ample ground for supposing that there was a significant change of responses in the ages 6-9.
    2) In the case of the experimental instruction, as the general tendency a responses shifted from color to form in the ages 4-5, and in the ages older than those the form response was observed to be domi nant, which agreed with the result obtained from the experiment with the controlled instruction. And by statistical analysis it was corroborated that there was a great variation in responses of color as well as of form in the ages before and after 7.
    3) A comparison of experimental instruction with controlled instruction showed that in the former case each age showed wider range of response-patterns. This seemed to be due to the fact that in experimental instruction the Ss set up for themselves some selective criteria such as the cue of response, framework, information, etc. The experimental instruction had more factors that admitted Ss' natural tendencies resulting from the subjective selfconditioning than in the case of the controlled instruction. But a similar trend was observed in the relation between instruction and its response-pattern in both of the experiments, and in their developmental tendency as well. Moreover, it was observed that there was no significant relation between the response-pattern and the characteristic features of the stimulus figures selected by Ss for the first time.
    4) From the above-stated data, it has been confirmed that in the study of “formcolor” problem using “Lotto-Method” the response-patterns have more to do with the developmental conditions in terms of age than with the individual “Eigentätigkeit” presupposing a temperamental-characterological being or with the characteristic features of the stimulus figures used.
  • 対人的態度の可視性
    藤原 哲
    1964 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 82-92
    発行日: 1964年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this report is to make clear the influence of the two different interpersonal attitudes (i.e., more “introjective” feeling and more “projective” one) upon the other member's interpersonal cognitive structure, especially from the viewpoint of the transparency of the interpersonal attitudes, with the intention of studying the property of the interpersonal cognitive structure. The raw sociometric data for this study were obtained by requiring each subject to rate all of his classmates on a 5-point scale in terms of acceptability as friends, and to predict how each of his calssmates would rate him, The relationships between the transparency and (a) the psychological meanings of the interpersonal preference held by the ratee towards the rater (the factor of stimulus), and (b) the perceptual tendency of the rater to perceive the ratee's feelings towards the rater as congruent with his feelings towards the ratee (the factor of response) were examined in 8 groups. The main results are as follows:
    1) The relationships between the transparency of the interpersonal preference and the sociometric status of the S perceived (rated) are not simple but complex. The positive feeling of high status persons tends to be more transparent than that of low status persons, whereas the negative feeling of low status persons tends to be more transparent than that of high status persons.
    2) The main determinants of the transparency of the interpersonal preference described above are the stimulus value of the interpersonal preference held by the person perceived and the response tendency of the perceiver, as explained below.
    3) The differences of the stimulus value between the introjective feeling and the projective one in the interpersonal cognitive structure determine the transparency of the interpersonal preferences. The positive feeling that a person of higher status holds towards another person is more transparent, because this feeling is more introjective in comparison with more projective one that a person of lower status holds, whereas the negative feeling that a person of lower status holds towards another person is more transparent, because this feeling is more introjective in comparison with more projective one that a person of higher status holds. Regardless of the direction of the interpersonal preferences (i.e., positive or negative feeling), the introjective feeling is more transparent than the projective one.
    4) The perceptual tendency mentioned in (b), determines the “phenomenal” transparency of the interpersonal preferences. The positive feeling of high status persons, who are more frequently chosen, is more transparent than that of low status persons, while the negative feeling of low status persons, who are more frequently rejected, is more transparent than that of high status persons, because these feelings are perceived not reflexively but creatively by the perceivers on the basis of the abovementioned perceptual tendency.
    5) The congruent responses (responses which show the congruency between the interpersonal preference and its perception) are more frequent under the conditions of mutuality (similarity of feelings between the members of a dyad) than under the conditions of non-mutuality, and the incongruent responses are more frequent under the conditions of non-mutuality than under the conditions of mutuality. This rule also suggests the regularity in the mode of influence of the two different responses (i.e., congruent responses and incongruent responses) upon the other member's interpersonal cognitive structure. That is to say, the congruent responses are different from the incongruent ones not only in the psychological meanings as the stimulus value but also in the functions as the preference cue.
    6) The factor of the sociometric status determines the similarity or dissimilarity of feelings between the members of a dyad as well as the cognitive interaction
  • 柏木 繁男
    1964 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 93-95
    発行日: 1964年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 野口 薫
    1964 年 35 巻 2 号 p. 96-108
    発行日: 1964年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
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