心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
84 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
原著論文
  • 荒井 崇史, 藤 桂, 吉田 富二雄
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 83-92
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study explores determinants of information-seeking about crime and crime prevention on the Internet, including how it was influenced by personal conversations with others. An analysis of a web survey of mothers (N = 1,040) of 3-12 years old children in Japan indicated that many mothers briefly saw basic information about crime on the Internet, while only a few mothers sought further details. Structural equation modeling indicated the following results. Overall, an increased frequency of conversations about children’s safety with family and friends made mothers realize their own responsibility for crime prevention. It also encouraged mothers to seek more information about crime prevention by increasing their willingness to cooperate with neighbors. However, when individuals’ realization of responsibility for crime prevention strengthened their attitudes toward the responsibility of the police and government for crime problems, then these attitudes decreased mothers’ information-seeking. Finally, while a heightened frequency of conversations about news contents directly increased information-seeking about crime, such conversations could indirectly weaken mothers’ information-seeking when mothers emphasized the responsibility of the police and government.
  • 平野 美沙, 湯川 進太郎
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 93-102
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study explores the impact of mindfulness meditation on anger. A meditation group (N = 37) attended 5-10 minutes of mindfulness meditation daily for a week. They were assessed with self-report scales measuring three aspects of anger (rumination, arousal, and lengthiness) before, just after, and four weeks after their one-week participation. Their scores were compared to a control group (N = 27), which was assessed at the same intervals as the meditation group. The meditation group was also asked to evaluate their current mood using the Affect Grid before and after each meditation. The results indicated that participants in the meditation group who continued meditation voluntarily after the week of their participation had decreased anger rumination scores just after and four weeks after their participation. Additionally, the pleasant score on the Affect Grid increased after meditation for almost all the participation days. These findings suggest the efficacy of mindfulness meditation on improving the tendency to ruminate about anger episodes in the medium term to long term, and also on improving mood in the short term.
  • 田村 昌彦, 三輪 和久
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 103-111
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    To solve an insight problem, a problem solver needs to relax mental constraints that prevent solving the problem, and to shift a search in an incorrect problem space into a search in a correct problem space. In this paper, we investigate how a tracking stimulus that guides problem solvers’ eye movements affects the formation and relaxation of constraints in insight problem solving. We conducted two experiments using an insight task and an eye-tracking task in which participants’ eye movements were expected to inhibit the fixation constraints in the insight task. Participants engaged in the tracking task before the constraints were formed in Experiment 1 and after the constraints were formed in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants who performed the tracking task were inhibited in forming the constraints more than those in the control condition. In both Experiments 1 and 2, the tracking task affects the participants’ hypothesis formation in the insight problem solving processes. In particular, participants who were presented the tracking stimulus found a target rule faster after beginning to relax the constraints than those in the control condition.
  • 樋口 収, 新井田 恵美
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 112-118
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    In terms of goal management, this study examined whether progress toward one goal (health goal) leads to goal shifting to another goal (fulfill one’s appetite). In the experiment, 47 participants were asked to drink the same quantity of vegetable juice out of either a large or a small cup. Then they rated how hungry they were at that moment. Results showed that participants who drank out of a small cup reported a sense of feeling hungrier than those who drank out of a large cup because the former perceived progress toward a health goal more than the latter. Furthermore, concern with daily intake of vegetables moderated this tendency. Participants who were less concerned with daily intake of vegetables were more likely to report feeling hungrier after drinking out of a small cup (versus a large cup). These results support our hypothesis. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these mechanisms for self-regulation.
  • 池上 真平, 重野 純
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 119-129
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Swing is a musical performance technique, whose magnitude is indicated by the swing ratio. This study examines the effects of swing on music-listening appreciation. In Experiment 1, 21 participants were presented with synthesized performances with three swing ratios, and were asked to rate their impressions using the semantic differential method. The results show that there exists a certain relationship between swing and the affective evaluation of music and tempo. Experiment 2 explored the relationship between swing and melody, another dimension of music, in perceived dynamism and preference for swing. Two musical instruments were used: piano and drums. Twenty-two participants were presented with synthesized performances and were asked to rate the degree of dynamism and their preference using Scheffé’s paired comparison method. The evaluations for five swing conditions were similar for those performed by the piano and by the drums. The discussion looks at the swing ratio and its psychological attributes as well as the relationships of perceived impressions of swing to tempo and musical instruments.
  • 石津 憲一郎, 安保 英勇
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 130-137
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigated the role of over-adaptation and evaluation of emotion as stress vulnerability factors among Japanese junior high school students. Based upon the diathesis-stress model, 720 students (348 boys and 372 girls) completed questionnaires about stress responses, over-adaptation, and evaluation of emotion. Two weeks later, they completed the questionnaire about stress responses along a questionnaire about school stressors. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that boys with high over-adaptation tendencies reported a greater stress responses following the occurrence of negative school stressors than non-over-adaptive students. In addition, evaluation of emotion was found to interact with stressors to predict stress responses in boys. These results were not found in girls.
  • 加藤 樹里, 村田 光二
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 138-145
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two experiments investigated whether emotional responses of “kandoh” (the state of being emotionally moved) associated with sadness were facilitated by the factors of “finitude salience” and “social value intention”. We predicted that participants who strongly intended social value would be more strongly moved by movies that portrayed social values than participants who weakly intended social value. Furthermore we predicted that this difference would increase in the finitude salience condition. In both experiments, participants assigned to the finitude salience condition subtracted the years of the person’s birth from death. In the control condition, participants performed the same task in the form of simple numerical calculations. Then all participants watched a movie that portrayed family love and death in Experiment 1 (N = 88). We used another movie that described friendship and separation in Experiment 2 (N = 82). The results supported the two hypotheses that social value intention facilitated emotional responses of “kandoh” and this effect increased under finitude salience.
研究資料
  • 加藤 司, 馬場 真美子, 太幡 直也, 下田 俊介, 福田 美紀, 大久保 暢俊
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 146-155
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study investigated the professional impact of “Japanese Journal of Psychology.” Thirty four psychological journals written in Japanese were selected to register articles in a new database. This database included approximately 23,900 articles published through 2010. Using citations extracted from the references and footnotes in these scholarly journals, the Psychology Citation Index for Japanese Papers was created. The citation impact factors in Japanese psychology was determined on the basis of the number of times a journal was cited, cumulative impact factors, and the cited half-life of the journal; five years was a valid period for impact factor of psychological journals in Japan. The changes in the 5-year impact factors of “Japanese Journal of Psychology” were reviewed by comparing it with other journals.
研究報告
  • 羽鳥 健司, 石村 郁夫, 樫村 正美, 浅野 憲一
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 156-161
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined the effect of writing about the perceived benefits (WPB) of an interpersonal transgression on subjective well-being and feelings of hostility. Participants (N = 74) who reported experiencing a highly stressful interpersonal trouble within the past year were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that consisted of 20-minute writing tasks conducted over a three-day period in which they wrote about either (a) the perceived benefits resulting from the trouble, (b) the features of the trouble, (c) the features in the first 10 minutes and the perceived benefits of the trouble in the last 10 minutes, or (d) a control topic that was unrelated to the trouble. Results of analysis of covariance revealed that group A had significantly decreased hostility. Furthermore groups A and B showed a significant increase in subjective well-being compared to the control condition. Issues related to WPB are discussed.
  • 中島 健一郎, 礒部 智加衣, 相馬 敏彦, 浦 光博
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 162-168
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    Moderating effects of group type on the relationship between in-group social values and group identity were investigated. Previous research has indicated that values attached to the in-group, such as its status, privileges, and power, lead to increased group identity. However, these studies have not investigated the role of the type of in-groups on this effect. We conducted an experiment that manipulated the in-group type. In the common-identity type of in-group condition, formation of in- and out-groups on the basis of social categorization was established. In the common-bond type of in-group condition, interactions between the group members were conducted. Results indicated that in the former condition, the degree of in-group social values affected group identity; however, this effect was not found in the latter condition. These results suggest that social values of the in-group have an asymmetric effect on group identity, depending upon the in-group type as a common-identity or common-bond group.
  • 野田 航, 岡田 涼, 谷 伊織, 大西 将史, 望月 直人, 中島 俊思, 辻井 正次
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 169-175
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study examines the relationship among inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior, aggression, and depression in elementary school and junior high school students. The participants were 3,885 children and their teachers and caregivers. Children’s inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior was rated by their teachers and caregivers (ADHD-RS). Children rated aggression (HAQ-C) and depression (DSRS-C) themselves. Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior rated by teachers and caregivers were positively related to aggression and depression. Inattention predicted higher levels of aggression and depression. Inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior as rated by teachers was more highly related to depression than those behaviors as rated by caregivers. The relationships among inattentive, and hyperactive-impulsive behavior, aggression, and depression were almost the same for both elementary school and junior high school students. This study suggests the importance of assessing inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior from multiple views to examine the relationship between inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive behavior and mental health problems.
  • 宮本 純子
    2013 年 84 巻 2 号 p. 176-182
    発行日: 2013/06/25
    公開日: 2013/09/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examines the effect of self-determination on time perspectives and child-care anxiety from a viewpoint of life course. A total of 1,726 mothers with small children participated in a questionnaire survey. They were classified into four groups based on their planned life courses: mothers who work; mothers who stopped working, but plan on returning to work; mothers who don’t want to work and plan to stay at home; and mothers who stopped working, but plan on returning to work when their children grow up. Child-care anxiety was classified into four categories: (a) sense of stagnation and sacrifice, (b) fatigue, (c) diffidence, (d) feeling disaffection. The results show that fulfillment associated with child-care anxiety exists for all groups and factors of child-care anxiety, and that fulfillment was influenced by differences between self-determination and self-determination desires. The effect of self-determination on time perspectives and child-care anxiety differed between groups. It is suggested that society should provide different support to mothers with small children and child-care anxiety related to their different planned life courses.
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