巻号一覧
87 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の11件中1～11を表示しています
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原著論文
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加藤 仁, 五十嵐 祐2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 1-11
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーRecent research has shown growing interest in the process by which narcissism triggers immersion in social network games (SNG). Highly narcissistic individuals are motivated not only by the achievement of goals and monopoly of materials (i.e., self-enhancement), but also by comparison and competition with others (i.e., social comparison). We predicted that the common rules and environments of SNG and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPG), such as systems of exchanging items and ranking players, facilitate immersion of highly narcissistic individuals during the game. Structural equation modeling of data from 378 SNG players and 150 MMORPG players recruited online showed that self-esteem inhibited game immersion, whereas narcissism increased game immersion via motivation for goal attainment. SNG players were more likely to be immersed in the game via motivation for goal attainment than MMORPG players. These findings suggest that, compared with MMORPG, the environments of SNG provide strong incentives not for those high in self-esteem who seek acceptance of others, but for those high in narcissism who are motivated by self-enhancement via competition with others.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1325K) -
在原 克彦, 有賀 敦紀, 古屋 健2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 12-20
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーTversky & Kahneman (1981) reported that most participants decided to drive when they could save money on a low-price good as compared to when they could save on a high-price good, even though the discount prices were same. Although this irrational decision making has been interpreted as a rate-dependent estimation of value (prospect theory), this study newly proposes that it can be explained by the certainty of purchase based on the price of goods. Experiment 1 replicated the previously reported difference in decision making, and additionally demonstrated that participants’ certainty of purchase was lower for a high- than a low-price good. When it was emphasized that participants’ intention to purchase high- and low-price goods were equally sure, decision making did not significantly differ (Experiment 2). Furthermore, decision making differed based only on the certainty of purchase even when prices of goods were same (Experiment 3). Consumers’ decision making may be rather rational, depending straightforwardly on the certainty of purchase that is susceptible to price.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1264K) -
丸山 淳市, 藤 桂2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 21-31
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーIn this study we aimed to examine the contents of humor in the Japanese workplace and to understand the effects of humor on mental/physical health and self-evaluation of job performance. Japanese workers (N = 436) responded to questionnaires addressing workplace humor, feelings about workplace, workplace communication, mental/physical health, and perceived job performance. An exploratory factor analysis indicated that there are five types of workplace humor: norm-violating humor, experience-sharing humor, workplace-enjoying humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor. A covariance structural analysis showed that norm-violating humor and workplace-enjoying humor decreased mental and physical health by promoting both negative feelings in the workplace and self-disclosure about the negative side of work. Results also revealed that experience-sharing humor, people-recalling humor, and outside-mocking humor had a positive effect on the self-evaluation of job performance as well as mental and physical health, by promoting both positive feelings and mutual communication in the workplace. Results suggest that humor in the workplace has various influences on workers depending on the type of workplace humor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1429K) -
三浦 大志, 伊東 裕司2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 32-39
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/03/10ジャーナル フリーThere are two types of eyewitness-identification procedures: showups and lineups. Although the falseidentification rate of showups was considered to be higher than that of lineups, experimental research has not always supported the superiority of lineups. Further, suggestibility of showups is believed to produce higher false-identification rates, but no experimental study has manipulated suggestibility. In this study, we manipulated suggestibility; 258 participants performed photo identification in a showup or lineup. The results revealed that the correct-identification rate was higher in the showups than the lineups, and the rate of dangerous false identification for the innocent suspect did not differ between showups and lineups. In lineups alone, the false-identification rate of the high-suggestibility condition was marginally higher than that of the low-suggestibility condition. The results indicate that suggestibility, which results from the preconception that the perpetrator must exist in the photos, increases false identifications in relative judgments, such as in lineups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1164K) -
中谷 奈美子2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 40-49
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/11/10ジャーナル フリーThis study aimed to compare maltreating mothers and non-maltreating mothers on attributions and affects related to child behaviors. It also assessed how attributions predict affective and behavioral reactions to child behaviors. The study population comprised of a community-based sample of mothers with children aged 2 to 4 years (n = 238). Mothers’ attributions and affect were assessed using vignettes of child behavior. They also answered questions about their maltreating parenting behaviors and demographic factors such as childcare environments. Results highlighted that, as compared with non-maltreating mothers, maltreating mothers made more intentional and stable attributions to negative child behavior, and to report more anger and aversion. They also had a tendency to report less happiness toward positive child behavior. Additionally, path analyses documented a pattern of thinking-feeling-action linkages. It was revealed that attributions regarding children’s behavior influenced negative affect and that negative affect in turn predicted maltreatment. Finally, the usefulness of a cognitive approach to maltreating mothers, and the implications of the findings as a model for intervention are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1244K) -
芝田 征司2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 50-59
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/11/10ジャーナル フリーIn the field of environmental psychology, there is rapidly growing interest in the concept of connectivity with nature, describing an individual’s sense of being connected with nature. The author developed a new scale for assessing feelings toward nature, including connectedness. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a five-factor model consisting of restorativeness, oneness, mystery, care, and aversion. Then, the relationships among availability of nature in respondents’ neighborhood, age, and each subscale score of the Feelings toward Nature Scale were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The availability of nature in neighborhoods was assessed using a geographic information system and respondents’ subjective evaluations. Results indicate that overall connectedness to nature is weaker as availability of nature decreases, as assessed by subjective evaluation. Results also suggest that aversion toward nature in younger people is relatively stronger than in older generations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1234K) -
田中 優子, 楠見 孝2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 60-69
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2015/11/10ジャーナル フリーThe present study examined when people decide to choose an expression that is based on critical thinking, and how situational and individual variables affect such a decision process. Given a conversation scenario including overgeneralization with two friends, participants decided whether to follow the conversation by a critical-thinking expression or not. The authors controlled purpose and topic as situational variables, and measured critical-thinking ability, critical-thinking disposition, and self-monitoring as individual variables. We conducted an experiment in which the situational variables were counterbalanced in a within-subject design with 60 university students. The results of logistic regression analysis showed differences within individuals in the decision process whether to choose a critical-thinking expression, and that some situational factors and some subscales of the individual measurements were related to the differences.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1209K)
研究資料
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宮川 裕基, 谷口 淳一2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 70-78
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーSelf-compassion is defined as being compassionate towards the self in times of suffering, and is composed of the following three components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. This article reports the development of the Japanese version of the Self-Compassionate Reactions Inventory (SCRI-J). The SCRI-J measures self-compassion based on the degree to which people choose self-compassionate reactions to 8 hypothetical hardships. Study 1 (N = 179) showed that the SCRI-J had sufficient internal consistency. In terms of its validity, results showed a positive correlation between the SCRI-J and the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale, supporting its concurrent validity. In addition, the SCRI-J was positively correlated with self-esteem and negatively correlated with psychological stress responses. Moreover, the association between the SCRI-J and stress responses remained significant when the effect of self-esteem was removed. In Study 2 (N = 90), the SCRI-J demonstrated high test-retest reliability over 3 weeks. Overall, the present study indicates that the SCRI-J has sufficient reliability and validity as a new scale for self-compassion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1251K) -
梶村 昇吾, 野村 理朗2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 79-88
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーThis study developed and examined the validity of Japanese versions of the Daydream Frequency Scale (DDFS) and the Mind Wandering Questionnaire (MWQ), which measures propensity for spontaneous thoughts and mind wandering, respectively. In Study 1, we translated the items of the DDFS and the MWQ into Japanese and verified their validity. In Study 2, we confirmed the correlation of both scales with mind wandering, as measured by thought sampling during an attention-demanding task. These two studies revealed a dissociation between the properties of the scales; while DDFS reflects propensity for spontaneous thoughts, MWQ specifically reflects propensity for mind wandering. We discuss the usefulness of the DDFS and the MWQ for studying the psychological functions of spontaneous thoughts and mind wandering.抄録全体を表示Editor's pick2017年度 心理学研究掲載 優秀論文賞受賞論文
授賞理由
マインドワンダリング（mind wandering）とは，近年注目されている心のデフォルト状態を示し，心理学研究の重要なトピックになってきている。心のデフォルト状態とは，科学研究におけるベースラインの状態を意味するが，我々人間の実生活においては，起きている時間の約半分の時間にも該当するような何気なくあることを考えたり，感じたりしている状態である。本研究は，マインドワンダリングの測定を目的とした自己記入式尺度2点の日本語版作成と，その信頼性と妥当性の検証を目的として行われた。作成された尺度の妥当性については，well-being，精神疾患関連特性とも相関関係が示されている。また，研究2として，作成された尺度と認知課題（外的注意課題）との相関を検討し，関連が認められたことによって尺度の信頼性をより高いものにしている。本尺度については，今後，神経科学分野，認知科学分野等を中心として多くの分野で活用されることが予想される。特に，心と関連する医学分野で注目されているデフォルト・モード・ネットワーク（default mode network：DMN）は，マインドワンダリングとの親和性が極めて高い。それ故，本尺度は医学分野での活用も大いに見込まれるものである。研究の計画が堅強であること，尺度の信頼性と妥当性を検証する手続きについても十分配慮 が行き届いていること，読み手にも理解しやすい論調であったこと，研究の限界点についても丁寧に言及していたこと等が評価された。以上のような理由から，本論文は優秀論文賞にふさわしいと判断された。PDF形式でダウンロード (1306K)
研究報告
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村上 幸史2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 89-94
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーThis article examines whether belief in superstitions and folklore differs by age and degree of modernization specifically. This study investigated regional and generational differences in attitudes toward “Luck Resource Belief,” a notion regarding luck. The 500 Japanese participants in our sample were stratified by place of residence, age, and income. The results reflected gender differences, but not regional or generational differences with regard to the “Luck Resource Belief” scale scores. Based on these results, the hypothesis that the mass media plays a major role in the dissemination of information about superstitions and folklore is discussed in this context.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1079K) -
武藤 世良2016 年 87 巻 1 号 p. 95-101
発行日: 2016年
公開日: 2016/04/25
[早期公開] 公開日: 2016/01/15ジャーナル フリーThis study examined the reproducibility of the hierarchical semantic structure of respect-related emotions and the prototypical meaning of sonkei (respect) in modern Japanese people. Participants, ages 20–79, rated the semantic similarity of 153 pairs of 18 respect-related words used in previously published work. Hierarchical cluster analysis (n = 515) showed almost the same semantic organization as the previous study. The highest level of abstraction consisted of “person-focus respect, emotional attitude” and “action-focus respect, emotional state.” The basic level consisted of (a) respect mingled with mild love; (b) ought-respect (respect as moral duty); (c) idolatry (worship and adoration); (d) awe mingled with fear; (e) admiration; and (f) wonder. The word sonkei was included in category (a). Additional analyses were conducted according to age. The results revealed that the basic categories seen in adults ages 60–79 differed from those in the whole sample and that sonkei was included in the category which could be considered as ought-respect. These findings suggest that the semantic organization of respect-related emotions is gradually changing under the influence of modern culture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1202K)
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