心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
66 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 今井 久登
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 1-9
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three priming experiments were conducted to investigate associative and syntactic information processing in the Japanese language. Unlike in English, associative relation and syntactic plausibility can be manipulated independently. Subjects were given either a lexical decision or naming task because previous studies suggest that these tasks are sensitive to different processing stages. Two prime-target SOAs, 250 ms and 700 ms, were used. The results revealed that syntactic plausibility of associated prime-target pairs was processed differently from that of unassociated ones. When prime-target pairs were unassociated, syntactic plausibility priming was found with the 700 ms SOA in the lexical decision task, but no priming was found in the naming task. This result supports the previous claim that syntactic information is processed post-lexically. In contrast, when prime-target pairs were associated, syntactic plausibility priming was found both with 250 ms and 700 ms SOAs not only in the lexical decision but in the naming task. This suggests that syntactic plausibility of associated prime-target pairs is processed at the lexical rather than post-lexical stage.
  • 伊藤 美奈子
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 10-15
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The main purpose of this study was to examine the developmental process of personal and social orientedness in young adults in relation to changes in loneliness types. Two hundred and sixty-two male and 416 female college students completed the loneliness, personal and social orientedness, and self-esteem scales. They were classified into four loneliness types (by Ochiai, 1983), and Type A (Lonliness from conformity to others) and D (Lonliness from independence) were compared, in sccordance with a previous finding that youths tend to change from the former to latter. Although students of the two types scores was high for Type A, but was not significant for Type D. Second, self-esteem was correlated with only personal orientedness for Type A, but with both scores of orientedness for Type D. It is argued from the results that in the development of personal and social orientedness in young adults, the stage where the self emerges from a fused state of self and other, evolves on the basis of self-other independence, to the stage where both personal and social orientedness become important after only personal orientedness has played a central role.
  • 萩生田 伸子
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 16-23
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this paper is to construct a new anxiety scale and to test its validity. For this aim, two inquiries were carried out. First, a preliminary questionnaire was given to 370 undergraduates and the data was analyzed by the oblique promax rotation method of factor analysis. Based on this result, ten subscales, each consisting of ten items, were established. Then, the validity of the new anxiety scale was examined by administering it to 456 normal adults and 132 psychopathic outpatients. Using the new anxiety scale, we could distinguish 76.2-79.4% psychopathics from normal group. And discriminations of psychopathy types were 72.7-94.1% success. The reliability of new scale was also examined; its θ reliability coefficients ranged from .713 to .876 and its test-retest reliability coefficients with three-week time interval ranged from .756 to .904.
  • 柏木 繁男, 山田 耕嗣
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 24-32
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method was proposed for evaluating the Uchida-Kräpelin psychodiagnostic (UK) test in terms of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality traits. First, the oblique incomplete procrustes factor-rotation method by Jöreskog (1965) was applied to the results of the Adjective Check List (ACL) and the UK test administered to 370 subjects. Six oblique primary pattern values for the UK test were obtained as related to the task of addition work and personality traits. Second, the basic statistics including the values of test-retest reliabilities for work-curve measures in the UK test were presented, and canonical correlation analysis was applied to the data based on both personality traits and work-curve measures. Finally, correlations between the items of the ACL and the work-curve measures in the UK test were presented in order to confirm the validity of the present proposal for the UK test based on the FFM of personality traits.
  • 周 玉慧
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 33-40
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study examined the effect of received support on adjustment by foreign students, with data from 33 Chinese students who completed questionnaires at three occasions: three months (the first period), nine months (the second period), and one year and nine months (the third period) after they arrived in Japan. The Social Support Scale for Chinese Students in Japan (Jou, 1993a) and items for measurement of adjustment were used in the questionnaires. Analysis of Variance results revealed no differences among the amounts of support received during the three periods, but compared with the first or second, adjustment was better during the third period. Results from path analysis indicated that support in the first period was positively related to adjustment in the first period, the first period adjustment and second period support positively to the second period adjustment, and only the second period adjustment positively to the third period adjustment. Thus, the present study suggests that it is especially necessary to provide more support to foreign students during the critical early period in order to facilitate their adjustment.
  • 大谷 佳子, 桜井 茂男
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 41-47
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to construct a Japanese version of Hewitt and Flett's (1991b) Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (MPS), and examine the relationship of perfectionism to depression and hopelessness in college students. In Study 1, a translated version of MPS was administered to 414 college students. Sixty-seven of them also completed seven personality scales in order to examine validity of the new scale. The self oriented, other-oriented, and socially-prescribed perfectionism subscales have high reliability and validity. In Study 2, 163 college students completed a questionnaire of stressor, depression, and hopelessness scales, in addition to the Japanese MPS. Self oriented perfectionism was negatively correlated with hopelessness, and socially-prescribed perfectionism positively with depression and hopelessness regardless of the degree of stressor. These results were different from those of Hewitt and Flett (1991b), and it was found that part of the self oriented subscale correlated positively with hopelessness, and other part negatively. In the present study, the negative part appeared to have been dominant.
  • 大河内 浩人, 杉若 弘子
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 48-51
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    During biofeedback training, skin temperature changes were analyzed. Ten male undergraduates were asked to increase the temperature of the right index finger under three conditions: rest instructions with simulation feedback (Rest-SF), response-specific instructions without feedback (RI-NF), and response-specific instructions with feed-back (RI-F). Skin temperature decreases during the early trials under the RI-F condition continued longer than under the RI-NF condition. Recovery from temperature decreases occurred faster after the repetition of feedback sessions. Skin temperature decreases were not observed under the Rest-SF condition. These results suggest that skin temperature decreases during early training associated with response-specific instructions, feedback, and the novelty of training. The results were also discussed in terms of the techniques which could increase skin temperature.
  • 自己査定動機・自己確証動機
    沼崎 誠, 工藤 恵理子
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 52-57
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present study was conducted to examine determinants of information-gathering behavior with regard to one's own characteristics. Four tasks with different self congruent and incongruent diagnosticity were presented to subjects. As self assessment theory predicted, high diagnostic tasks were preferred to low tasks. And as self-verification theory predicted, self congruent diagnosticity had a stronger effect on task preference than self-incongruent diagnosticity. In addition, subjects who perceived the relevant characteristics important inclined to choose self-assessment behavior more than who did not. Also, subjects who were certain of their self-concept inclined to choose self-verification behavior more than who were not. These results suggest that both self-assessment and self-verification motivations play important roles in information-gathering behavior regarding one's characteristics, and strength of the motivations is detemined by the importance of relevant characteristics or the certainty of self-concept.
  • 足立 浩平
    1995 年 66 巻 1 号 p. 58-62
    発行日: 1995/04/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    An unfolding model is proposed for analyzing the confusion matrices obtained from stimulus identification experiments. In the model, row and column stimuli in the matrices are represented as two sets of points in a multidimensional space, and confusion probabilities are expressed as a function of the distances between the row and the column points. The coordinates of the points are estimated by the maximum likelihood method under a constraint. The proposed model enables us to explore interesting aspects of the perceptual representations of the stimuli, as illustrated by two examples. Some advantages of the proposed model are discussed in regard to its psychological implication.
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