心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
88 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
原著論文
  • 笹川 果央理, 中山 真孝, 内田 由紀子, 竹村 幸祐
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 431-441
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study investigated the personality of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders. Focusing on Contingencies of self-worth (CSW) as a metric of personality, we examined whether the CSW of employees on medical leave due to mental health disorders matched the perceived values of their workplace, in comparison with that of employees at work. We also examined the change of CSW before and after medical leave. Thirty-six employees on medical leave and 133 employees at work participated in this survey study. The results showed that three types of CSW (CSW for being superior, for having positive evaluation from others, for having autonomy) were higher in employees on medical leave than in employees at work. We also showed that there was a large difference between each type of CSW of employees on medical leave and the perceived values of their workplace and that all three types of CSW decreased after medical leave.

  • ――美術専攻・非専攻学生の比較――
    石黒 千晶, 岡田 猛
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 442-451
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    ジャーナル フリー

    The purpose of this study is to examine whether a commitment to the study of art affects how students receive inspiration from their external environment. The frequency and intensity of external inspiration is compared in art majors versus non-art majors. In addition, we examine whether attitudes developed through the study of art are correlated with inspiration. Specifically, we focus on attitudes to art-making and art appreciation. We developed psychological scales and questionnaires to measure three parameters: (a) the frequency and intensity of inspiration from the external environment, (b) self-evaluation of art-making, and (c) attitudes toward art appreciation. We then asked 190 undergraduates who majored in the fine arts and 189 undergraduates with non-art majors to complete these questionnaires. The results show that art majors experience inspiration from their external environment more frequently and intensely than non-art majors. Attitudes toward art-making and appreciation, which differed between non-art majors and art majors, were positively correlated with externally-derived inspiration.

  • 蒔苗 詩歌, 河西 哲子
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 452-459
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    Body analogy is an operation that links spatial cognition with the sensorimotor systems. Previous studies on mental rotation have shown that adding a head at the top of stimulus cubes or imitating human posture improves mental rotation performance results. On the other hand, mental rotation performance tends to be better in males than females. In this study, we tested sex differences in the effects of body analogy on a mental rotation task. The task was to judge whether the stimulus from a pair of cubes was the same or not; we added faces to the cubes or imitated human posture with cubes. The results revealed that body analogy was useful for both males and females but the effect was greater for females. However, additional correlation analyses indicated that this effect was at least partly due to the differences in abilities required for mental rotation, rather than sex differences. These results suggest that body analogy can compensate for weaknesses in spatial cognition.

  • 高橋 哲, 西原 舞
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 460-469
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー

    It is widely accepted that sex offenders frequently deny their offense or minimize their responsibility, and there is controversy regarding how this should be approached in psychological interventions. However, few studies have examined the relationship between denial/minimization and recidivism, and the results are inconsistent across the limited body of research. The purpose of this research was to estimate the prevalence of denial/minimization in sex offenders and examine its relationship with recidivism. We examined 1,484 sex offenders who had been convicted from July 2008 to June 2009 in Japan. The prevalence of both denial and minimization was 16.3% overall. In addition, the relationship between denial/minimization and recidivism was investigated for 753 convicts whose sentences had been suspended. Controlling for possible confounding variables, including empirically known risk factors, logistic regression revealed that denial/minimization did not significantly increase the possibility of both any and sexual recidivism during the 5-year follow-up period. Implications for psychological intervention and future research are discussed.

    Editor's pick

    2018年度 心理学研究掲載 優秀論文賞受賞論文

    授賞理由
    性犯罪者が犯行を否認したり,責任を最小化したりすることは多くの臨床家や研究者によって認識されており,性犯罪者の犯行の否認・責任の最小化が将来の再犯可能性を高めると捉えられている傾向にある。しかし,性犯罪者の犯行の否認・責任の最小化が将来の再犯と関連するか否かについては,実証的研究が少なく,一貫した結果が得られていない。先行研究の問題点として,サンプルサイズの小さいこと,性犯罪の種類が少ないこと,既知の再犯リスク(性犯罪の持続性,対象者との関係性)などが考慮されていないが挙げられる。これらの問題点を考慮して,本研究では,性犯罪者の犯行の否認・責任の最小化と再犯との関連を検討した。有罪判決を受けた者を対象とした縦断研究が行われ,既知の再犯リスクを考慮しても,犯行の否認・責任の最小化と再犯の関連はないことが示された。考察では,論文では有意な関連性が認められなかった背景が丁寧に記載されるとともに,否認者への対処への示唆も記載されている。例えば,先行研究で明らかになっている再犯のリスク要因に対して優先的に介入しながら,機を見て否認をめぐる話題を取り上げることなどである。本論文は性犯罪者に対する心理学的介入の方向性を考える上で有益な情報を提供する貴重な論文であり,その意義が高く評価された。また,文献レビューや文章展開が分かりやすい点も評価された。以上のことから,本論文は優秀論文賞に値する論文であると判断された。

研究資料
  • 雨宮 怜, 坂入 洋右
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 470-477
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study investigated the relationship between athletes’ mindfulness and future decrements in performance. Participants were 116 university athletes (male = 63, female = 53, unknown = 3, mean age = 19.25, SD = 0.98). The participants completed a questionnaire comprising a few questions related to socio-demographic variables, the Athletes Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ), and the Athletes Performance Decrement Questionnaire (APDQ) at time 1 and time 2 (4–7 months after time 1). The results of a cross-lagged effects model revealed that AMQ score at time 1 was positively associated with AMQ score at time 2 and negatively associated with APDQ score at time 2. However, APDQ score at time 1 was positively associated only with APDQ score, but not AMQ score, at time 2. This study’s results indicated that athletes’ mindfulness is unidirectionally associated with decrements in performance. This implies that increasing mindfulness may be an effective method for preventing impairments in athletic performance arising from psychological factors.

  • 山本 晃輔, 杉山 東子
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 478-487
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー

    Odor-evoked autobiographical memory and related psychological changes have been evaluated based on several factors such as emotionality, clarity, and re-experience, but these assessments remain incomplete. We developed the Odor-Evoked Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (OEAMQ) as a new method for comprehensively evaluating the characteristics and function of olfactory autobiographical memory. Odor-evoked memories were initially evaluated using multiple items from questionnaires on general memory characteristics, as well as the results of previous studies of odor-evoked memories. We obtained seven factors of which four (retrospective interpretation, clarity, time information, and sensory experience) were consistent with the general questionnaires, and three were new factors specific for olfactory memory (future action, emotional experience, and nostalgia). To investigate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, we evaluated odor-evoked autobiographical memories using 21 items (three for each factor). Factor analysis verified the seven-factor structure and demonstrated it to be sufficiently reliable (Cronbach’s alpha = .91). The validity of the questionnaire was also confirmed by high correlations between odor pleasantness and memory scores.

  • 渡邊 寛
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 488-498
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    In many foreign studies, traditional male roles are measured through multiple constructs. However, these constructs are not organized, and the reliability and validity of these scales have not been verified in Japan. This study sought to rearrange the constructs of traditional male roles, develop a scale to match these constructs, and verify its reliability and validity. Based on existing measures, traditional male roles are composed of five factors: high social status; physical and psychological toughness; high agency; low effeminacy; and superiority over women. In Study 1, by using data obtained from 316 undergraduate students, I chose four items for each of the five factors by using confirmatory factor analysis and a scale for attitudes regarding the traditional Japanese male roles was developed. Study 2 verified the scale’s criterion-related validity using data obtained from 361 undergraduate students. T-test showed that men scored higher than women for all factors, implying that men are still bound to traditional male roles. Lastly, Study 3 validated its time-stability. Together, these results indicate that the scale is reliable and valid.

研究報告
  • 大谷 和大, 山村 麻予
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 499-503
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/11/10
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study investigated the effect of emphasis on classroom social goals (compliance goals vs. prosocial goals) on psychological reactance and intention to share the goals. Elementary school children (N = 139) participated in a questionnaire-based experiment. In the experiment, two hypothetical scenarios were presented in which hypothetical teachers emphasized classroom social goals (i.e., compliance goals, representing the minimum level of compliance with rules, versus prosocial goals, representing the ideal level of compliance with rules), and the participants were asked to rate their psychological reactance and intention to share the goal related to each condition. A within-participant t test revealed that compliance goals were higher in psychological reactance. Twocondition within-participant mediation analysis also revealed that compliance goals indirectly undermined the children’s intention to share the goals, mediated by psychological reactance.

展望論文
  • 黒田 剛士, 吉岡 大貴, 宮崎 真
    2017 年 88 巻 5 号 p. 504-517
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/12/25
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/09/30
    ジャーナル フリー

    The tau and kappa effects are perceptual illusions involved with spatiotemporal interactions. In the tau (kappa) effect, the spatial distance (duration) between two stimuli is perceived as longer when the duration (spatial distance) between these stimuli is made physically longer. The occurrence of these effects is explained by two hypotheses, both assuming the perception of motion between locations in which the stimuli are presented. Additionally, the first hypothesis posits that the motion speed is kept constant, whereas the second hypothesis is based on a Bayesian model with prior knowledge that the speed is slow. Perceived spatial distance and duration are estimated from the predicted motion velocity, resulting in the tau and kappa effects. This article aims to discuss the validity of each hypothesis, as well as future avenues, through a review of recent studies related to the tau and kappa effects.

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