心理学研究
Online ISSN : 1884-1082
Print ISSN : 0021-5236
ISSN-L : 0021-5236
49 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 後浜 恭子
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 241-248
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Subjects consisted of 48 5-year old children, classified into four experimental groups, namely HR-HA, HR-LA, LR-HA and LR-LA. A control group consisted of 32 the same age. In each group, each child was asked twice to choose one alternative out of ten paired-pictures and then to arrange the pictures into a story. After the first trial subject's child-nurse served as a model and displayed a series of choices opposite to those made by the subject. Shifts of choice made by the child on the second trial were recorded as a measure of imitation. All the experimental groups except the LR-LA made significantly more shifts than the control group. The HR-HA group subjects, who were highly reliant on their models and had a highly satisfactory relationship with their nurses, showed significantly more shifts than the other experimental groups. The results were discussed as supporting the hypothesis that, depending on the children's reliance on the model itself, the children's cognition of the model affects imitative behavior.
  • 昇地 勝人
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 249-256
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the disorder in the visualmotor function of cerebral palsied children was affected by specific defects or by the distortion in perceptual motor system or by mere developmental lag in the function of recognition and reconstruction using the method of multiple choice and Shochi's Block Design Test (1971). The results were as follows: Cerebral palsied children's developmental lag in the function of recognition was not conspicuous but the development in the function of reconstruction was obviously inferior to that of normal children. There were the difference in reconstruction ability by children with the types of cerebral palsy and intellectual levels and design-constructive patterns. Those factors and the developmental lag cause visual-motor disorders.
  • 大岸 通孝
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 257-264
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    To examine hemispheric differences in the mode of information processing, 24 normal right-handed subjects were required to make same or different responses to a set of letters varying in number from two to four which were all identical or contained one letter differing from the rest. When letters were presented in the normal upright position, the left hemisphere showed serial processing wherein reaction times increased as a function of number of letters. The right hemisphere, however, showed no increase of reaction times, i.e. parallel processing. When letters were presented in the inverted upside-down position, the left hemisphere showed partial serial processing, despite letters being analyzed physically. The results suggest that visuospatial analysis doesn't always force parallel processing in the left hemisphere.
  • 石橋 由美
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 265-272
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of external-reinforcement (ER) on the task-behavior maintenance of children by self-reinforcement (SR) was examined. Three phases of paradigm, ER (Phase 1), SR (Phase 2) and NR, non-reinforcement (Phase 3) were applied. In Exp. I, children of ages 6, 7 and 8 year were divided into 4 groups. No effect was found with the ER condition (high or low of reinforcement rate). The behavior was maintained in Phase 2 but not in Phase 3. With 6-year-old children such behavior was maintained at a lower level than with 8-year-olds in Phases 2 and 3. These findings suggest that the behavior of 6-year-olds were controlled by both external and internal reinforcements. In Exp. II, it was found that the ER with social-reinforcement enhanced the maintenance of behavior of the 6-year-olds in Phase 3.
  • 山上 暁
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 273-279
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    It was proposed that there are two kinds of apparent size distortion to be distinguished in the Ponzo illusion. The apparent size of the single line in the converging lines (CL) became larger as it was located nearer to the apex. However, this distortion could not predict the obtained illusion sufficiently. Hence there should be assumed another kind of size distortion in the perception of the size relation as a result of comparison of two parallel lines (PL). In this comparison process, breaking of the continuity of CL and elimination of the oblique components from CL had a slight decreasing effect on the illusion. Moreover, it was found in the various contour figures that the greater the separation of PL was, the larger the illusion was.
  • 倉戸 ツギオ, 増原 光彦
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 280-283
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to test whether a warning signal given prior to an unpleasant stimulus would influence heart rate (HR) and 17-Hydroxycorticosteroid in urine (17-OHCS). The results for HR were as follows: (a) In the anticipation period, subjects given no warning signal (NS group) showed higher degree in their HR than that of those given a warning signal (S group), (b) On at impact, a warning signal tended to decrease subjects' HR when an unpleasant stimulus was given, (c) In the recovery period, subject group indicated lower degree in their HR than that of NS group, and (d) Subject group showed more adaptation by repeated trials to an unpleasant stimulus in their HR. However, as for urinary 17-OHCS, no significant difference was observed.
  • 山内 弘継
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 284-287
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate applicable verbal cues in the psychological measuring of affective and emotional states. Forty-two affective and emotional words were selected from 281 onomatopoeias by subjects (Exp. I). Five factors were extracted from the interrelation matrix among these words by the principal components analysis and then these factors were rotated by a normalized varimax criterion (Exp. II). Experimentally induced affective and emotional states were reflected in the subjects' response patterns to the words of each factor (Exp. III). These results suggested that words selected from onomatopoeia are a useful cue for further study in measuring affection and emotion.
  • 東條 吉邦
    1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 288-291
    発行日: 1979/01/20
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    EEG was recorded from the left and the right parietal areas in normal subjects with eyes-closed while they were engaged in mental arithmetic, recalls of verbal (Japanese kanji characters, kana syllabary, and the alphabet) and visual (scenery) imageries. Fourier analysis of EEG revealed attenuations of the alpha activity (a) in the left hemisphere during the mental arithmetic, (b) in the right hemisphere during the visual imagination of a scenery, and (c) in the both hemispheres during the kanji imagery accompanied by a stroke-count task. Results suggest that the kanji characters seem to activate cognitive processes of the both hemispheres. No attenuation of the alpha activity in the both hemispheres was seen during either the alphabet or kana syllabary imagery.
  • 1978 年 49 巻 5 号 p. 300
    発行日: 1978年
    公開日: 2010/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー
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