In the present study, the phenomena observed in apprehending others were analysed. How stimulus persons (others) are apprehended? The major objectives of this analysis were as follows: how stimulus persons tend to be apprehended in general; and how the personality of the judge (used as subject) influences his apprehension of others.
The major personality variables used in this study were D (
Mental Differentiation), T (
Character Traits) and H (
Hysteria). D and H were divided into + or - respectively, and T into S (
Schizothymic), Z (
Cyclothymic) and E (
Epileptic).
SCT (SEIKEN sentence completion test constructed by Sano and Makita) were given to all the subjects (482 university students) in order to examine their own personalities.
As stimulus persons, the SCT cases written by others were used. The subjects read the SCT cases and judged the personalities of their writers. In judging the cases, the subjects were directed to use two different forms [A] and [B]. ([A]: an analytic apprehension of personality, [B]: total personality) (
cf. Fig. 1)
As to the personalities of the judges and stimulus persons, the three factors D, T (structure) and H (dynamics) were taken into consideration.
For the analysis of the confusion matrix obtained in [B] form,
I* (by Indow and Sono) was introduced as a new index.
The results were as follows:
1. As to the accuracy of judging stimulus persons, T of stimulus persons was most accurately judged, followed by D and H, in that order.
2. The subjects (judges) who are E in T were observed to be unable to apprehend stimulus persons accurately.
3. H of stimulus persons seemed to be extremely difficult to apprehend. H+ often tended to be taken for D+. The subjects (judges) with E and with D- seemed to be especially weak in apprehending H of stimulus persons.
4. Similar results were obtained through [A] and [B] forms.
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