巻号一覧
43 巻, 3 号
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本明 寛, 織田 正美, 木村 裕1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 113-124
発行日: 1972/08/10
公開日: 2010/07/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personality traits of car salesman on the sales performances
Just prior to engaging in practical business, 106 car salesmen underwent the Salesman Test which consisted of 10 personality scales (Adaptability, Creative attitude, Motivation, Alignment, Circumspectness, Sense of responsibility, Self-confidence, Version, Magnanimity and Comprehensibility).
Results obtained from the analyses of relationships between the total number of cars sold over a fourteen-month peirod and the scores of the Salesman Test were as follows:
1. The upper third of all subjects in respect of their sales performances had scored significantly higher than the lower third of them in Creative attitude, Motivation, Circumspectness and Self-confidence.
2. Personality traits which had positive and significant correlation to the sales performances were Adaptability, Creative attitude, Motivation and Self-confidence.
3. Personality traits which had positive and significant partial correlation to the sales performances were Creative attitude, Motivation, Alignment, Circumspectness and Sense of responsibility.
4. Through Multiple Regression Analysis, partial regression coefficients of sales performances to the personality traits were computed. The partial regression coefficients to Creative attitude, Motivation, Alignment, Circumspectness and Sense of responsibility were positive and significant.
From the above-mentioned results, it could be concluded that personality traits which had effect on the sales performances and, therefore, were useful to predict their performances were Creative attitude, Motivation and, Circumspectness. Furthermore, since the significant multiple regression coefficient was larger than any one of the correlation coefficients, the multiple prediction could be more valid than the prediction by some of the personality traits described above.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1914K) -
青木 孝悦1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 125-136
発行日: 1972/08/10
公開日: 2010/07/16
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous study (Aoki, 1971a) 455 personality trait words were selected and classified into 17 categories on the basis of their meanings. In the present study, in addition to the 455 trait words, 125 new trait words were added, and therefore, a total of 580 trait words were reclassified into 11 categories for the purpose of factor analysis.
Subjects (Ss) were 107 male adults, aged 35 to 45. Each S was given two categories, each containing 49 to 63 words. Instructions given to the Ss were like the following: “The purpose of this study is to find out what words people commonly use to describe a characteristic of person. You will be given a list of words. Your task is to judge mutual similarities of meanings among these words and to select from the same list similar words for each word as many as you can. For example, when you were given the word “kind”, you might respond with such words as generous, friendly, tender, sympathetic, warm-hearted, and so on. The words are to be written to the right of the given word. This procedure will be continued through all the words in each category.
All legible responses made by each S were tallied separately for each of the 11 categories. This procedure permitted an assessment of relative frequency of responses to the various words within each category. For each category the responses in terms of relative frequency were factor analysed by the principal axis method with geometric rotation (Kashiwagi, 1965). Four to six factors were extracted for each category, bringing the total to 57.
From these results a set of 236 trait words was assembled. The set consisted of 57 trait words which had the highest loading for each obtained factor, plus 179 which did not fall into either obtained factor, having lower loadings than .15. In order to construct personality aspects from this set, the words were paired as many as possible in such a way that each word would have an antonym. 63 paired personality aspects were tentatively constructed and compared with Cattell's 42 spheres (1957) and Miyagi's 35 scales (1969). On the basis of this comparison, 66 personality aspects were finally determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2008K) -
逆向抑制のコンピュータ・シミュレーション森本 正昭1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 137-145
発行日: 1972/08/10
公開日: 2010/07/16
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this study was to simulate the mechanism of human memory using a computer. For this purpose, a memory model was constructed based on the knowledge of neurophysiology and information processing techniques.
Computer engineers often use the word “memory” in information processing. However, the computer “memory” is really a “record”, and must be distinguished from human “memory”.
Then, what is the difference between memory and record? I made the following assumptions on this problem.
(1) In a record, if we record datum 2 in the same storage where datum 1 is stored, datum 1 will be completely extinguished. In memory, on the other hand, it would not be extinguished completely. That is, many data are stored overlappingly on the same memory address.
(2) Even if some parts of memory storage have been destroyed physically or the stored data have been deleted partially, human memory can still recover much of the original information.
Each datum is stored individually on the different memory address in the computer data filing. However, it appears that human memory is the nonaddress type filing which has the characteristics described in (1) and (2).
(3) In record, a datum is recalled correctly, but memorized data is not recalled perfectly; that is, ambiguity and errors are inevitable in human memory. A program was constructed so that the above characteristics of human memory could be partially realized.
For the purpose of simulation, an experiment on retroactive inhibition was run, using 2 nonsense syllable lists.
An example of the results are shown in Table 4.
The model simulated a neuron-circuit network, in which each syllable was coded at random using S neurons, and was given the corresponding electrical bit pattern.
The simulation was carried out with the following procedures.
First, N paired syllables (AB)i were memorized, and common bit patterns were extracted from similar syllables.
Then, Bi was estimated from Ai, or the specific bit patterns, by the transmission of impulses through the neuron-synapse-circuits.
In these processes, unique bit patterns were recalled easier than many other similar patterns and retroactive inhibition was observed to occur.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1500K) -
佐藤 愛子1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 146-151
発行日: 1972/08/10
公開日: 2010/07/16
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山崎 勝男, 栗本 幸基, 児玉 昌久1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 151-156
発行日: 1972/08/10
公開日: 2010/07/16
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1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 166a
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2010/07/16
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (73K) -
1972 年 43 巻 3 号 p. 166b
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2010/07/16
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (72K)
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