Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
Online ISSN : 1347-7439
Print ISSN : 0916-7250
ISSN-L : 0916-7250
79 巻, 9 号
September
選択された号の論文の26件中1~26を表示しています
Anatomy
  • Takeshi YAMAUCHI, Takuya HIROSE, Kaho SATO, Kenji IWAI, Naoki TAKAHASH ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1563-1568
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー

    Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a crucial role in formation of the ECM by the SMAD (Sma-and Mad-related protein, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog) pathway. It has been reported that loss of function of zinc transporter ZRT/IRT-like protein 13 (ZIP13) is the cause of the spondylocheiro dysplastic form of EDS (SCD-EDS: OMIM 612350). Our previous study suggested that TGF-β1 has a relationship with the skin pathological condition in the Zip13-Knockout (KO) mouse, which is a model of SCD-EDS. Thus far, effective treatment based on modern medicine for this syndrome has not yet been established. According to an approach of traditional Chinese medicine, the present study investigates the medicinal effects of Makomo (Zizania latifolia) on certain aspects of SCD-EDS, such as skin morphology and plasma TGF-β1, in Zip13-KO mice. Increases in densities of collagen fibers and fibrils without a significant change in thickness of the dermal layer were observed in the group of mice fed a Makomo-containing diet. No change in the amount of collagen suggests that Makomo feed does not elevate collagen synthesis, but changes the length of glycosaminoglycan chains and decreases the distance between collagen fibrils. In conclusion, the changes of the skin structure suggest that Makomo can increase the mechanical strength of skin.

  • Sayed Sharif ABDALI, Kouki KURASAWA, Shoko NAKAMUTA, Yoshio YAMAMOTO, ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1569-1572
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/05
    ジャーナル フリー

    The olfactory organ of turtle consists of the upper chamber epithelium (UCE) and the lower chamber epithelium (LCE), detecting air-borne odorants and water-borne odorants, respectively. In this study, we investigated the number of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the UCE and LCE of soft-shelled turtle in order to find their possible differences among terrestrial, semi-aquatic and highly-aquatic turtles. The number of ORNs in the soft-shelled turtle was higher in the LCE than in the UCE, suggesting its close relationship to the environment the turtle lives. In addition, relative abundance of the ORNs in the LCE to the UCE varied in accordance with the size of individuals, although its functional significance remains elusive.

  • Ryosuke KOBAYASHI, Kanako ENDO, Yasushige OHMORI, Eiichi HONDO
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1573-1577
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    To investigate the molecular pathways involved in successful embryo implantation in mammals, we developed a novel method for gene transduction into the murine endometrium using in vivo electroporation. Plasmid DNA with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) gene was injected into the uterine cavity of non-pregnant female mice, and electrical pulses were subsequently applied to the uterine horn using plate electrodes. EGFP expression was found only in the uterine luminal epithelium (LE), but not in the stroma. EGFP fluorescence in the LE was limited to the site where the positive side of the electrodes was placed during electric stimulation. These results demonstrated that our novel method enabled us to transduce a gene into a desired location of the murine uterus.

Avian Pathology
  • Yuki YAMAUCHI, Shu YOSHIDA, Hiroyuki MATSUYAMA, Takeshi OBI, Kozo TAKA ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1466-1471
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    A survey of beak morphological abnormalities was performed on 6,201 chickens (egg-laying hens and chickens for meat production belonging to 25 flocks) brought to a poultry processing plant. The observed abnormalities varied among flocks with occurrence rates ranging from 0.48 to 46.67%. The occurrence was high in flocks subjected to beak trimming and varied significantly according to chicken breed, with the highest rates of abnormalities in a certain chicken breed. The most widely observed abnormalities were: 1) uneven growth of the upper and lower mandibles, mostly with elongation of the lower mandible (accounting for 64.8% of all abnormalities); 2) misalignment of the upper and lower mandibles, causing lateral deviation or crossing (16.3%); 3) sharp or jagged deformities of the mandible tips (10.1%); 4) permanent open beak, a deformity in which the beak did not close completely even when closed (5.8%); and 5) formation of tubercular swellings at the tips of the upper or lower mandibles (3.1%). This is the first report on the occurrence of beak abnormalities in beak-trimmed poultry in Japan.

Bacteriology
  • Kohei KITAZAKI, Shoko KOGA, Kohei NAGATOSHI, Koichi KUWANO, Takeshi ZE ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1472-1479
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/29
    ジャーナル フリー

    First-generation cephalosporins such as cefazolin (CEZ) have been widely used for mastitis treatment in dairy cattle. However, the use of antibiotics results in the presence of antibiotic residues in milk, which is used for human consumption. Nisin A, a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis, has been used as a broad-spectrum food preservative for over 50 years. Therefore, a combination of CEZ and nisin A might provide an extended activity spectrum against mastitis pathogens and reduce the antibiotic dose for mastitis treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of CEZ and nisin A against mastitis pathogens using the checkerboard and time-kill assays. In the checkerboard assay, the CEZ-nisin A combination exhibited a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus (n=20/20) and Enterococcus faecalis (n=13/18), and meanwhile exhibited a mostly additive effect against Staphylococcus intermedius (n=12/20), Streptococcus agalactiae (n=10/10), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (n=18/18), and Escherichia coli (n=14/18). There were no indifferent or antagonistic effects between CEZ and nisin A. In the time-kill assay, the CEZ-nisin A combination at 0.5 × or 1 × minimum inhibitory concentration exhibited synergistic reduction of bacterial growth by over 3 log10 colony forming units per ml relative to that observed with either antimicrobial substance alone. These results suggest that the CEZ-nisin A combination can be used for developing an intramammary infusion for mastitis treatment, with lower antibiotic concentrations than normal.

Internal Medicine
  • Prapawadee PIRINTR, Nakkawee SAENGKLUB, Vudhiporn LIMPRASUTR, Suwanaki ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1480-1488
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) causes an imbalance of sympathovagal activity resulted in poor cardiac outcomes. Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors have been revealed cardioprotective effect in patients with heart diseases. This study aimed to 1) compare the heart rate variability (HRV) between asymptomatic MMVD and healthy dogs and 2) assess long-term effects of sildenafil and enalapril on time- and frequency-domains analyzes. Thirty-four dogs with MMVD stage B1 or B2 and thirteen healthy dogs were recruited into the study. MMVD dogs were divided into 3 subgroups: control (n=13), sildenafil (n=12) and enalapril (n=9). HRV was analyzed from 1-hr Holter recording at baseline (D0) in all dogs and at 30, 90 and 180 days after treatment. The results showed that MMVD dogs had significant higher heart rate (HR), systemic blood pressures, the ratio of low to high frequency (LF/HF) and had significant decreased standard deviation of all normal to normal RR intervals (SDNN) and the percentage of the number of normal-to-normal sinus RR intervals with differences >50 msec computed over the entire recording (pNN50) when compared with healthy dogs (P<0.05). Neither time nor frequency domain parameters were different among subgroups of MMVD dogs at D0. After treatment with sildenafil for 90 days, both time- and frequency-domain parameters were significantly increased when compared with control and enalapril groups. This study demonstrated that sildenafil improves HRV in asymptomatic MMVD dogs suggesting that sildenafil should be used in the MMVD dogs to restore the sympathovagal balance.

  • Aki OHMI, Koichi OHNO, Kazuyuki UCHIDA, Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO, Hirotaka TO ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1578-1584
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/05
    ジャーナル フリー

    Shiba dogs are predisposed to chronic enteropathy (CE) and have poorer prognosis than other dog breeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) results on clinical findings and prognosis of Shiba dogs with CE. We retrospectively collected data on 22 Shiba dogs diagnosed as having CE. Fifty-nine percent of the dogs had clonality-positive results on PARR analysis. Furthermore, on histopathology, epitheliotropic behavior of small lymphocytes of the intestinal mucosa was observed significantly more frequently in dogs with clonal rearrangement of antigen receptor genes (P=0.027). The median overall survival time of clonality-positive dogs was 48 days (range, 4–239 days), compared to 271 days (range, 45–1,316+ days) in clonality-negative dogs. The median overall survival time of epitheliotropism-positive dogs was 76 days (range, 30–349 days) compared to 239 days (range, 4–1,316+ days) for epitheliotropism-negative dogs. Statistical analysis revealed that the clonality-positive result was associated with significantly shorter survival time (P=0.036). In contrast, presence or absence of epitheliotropism had no statistically significant effect on survival time (P=0.223). These cases might appropriately be diagnosed as small T-cell intestinal lymphoma; there are some common clinical and pathogenic features with human enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma type 2. The pathogenesis and poor prognosis for Shiba dogs with CE seem to be associated with this type of lymphoma, although further investigation is warranted.

  • Khoirun NISA, Sue Yee LIM, Masayoshi SHINOHARA, Noriyuki NAGATA, Kazuy ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1585-1590
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/05
    ジャーナル フリー

    Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) with microbubbles as a contrast agent allows the visualization and quantification of tissue perfusion. The assessment of canine intestinal perfusion by quantitative CEUS may provide valuable information for diagnosing and monitoring chronic intestinal disorders. This study aimed to assess the repeatability (intraday variability) and reproducibility (interday variability) of quantitative duodenal CEUS in healthy dogs. Six healthy beagles underwent CEUS three times within one day (4-hr intervals) and on two different days (1-week interval). All dogs were sedated with a combination of butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg) and midazolam (0.1 mg/kg) prior to CEUS. The contrast agent (Sonazoid®) was administered using the intravenous bolus method (0.01 ml/kg) for imaging of the duodenum. Time-intensity curves (TIC) were created by drawing multiple regions of interest (ROIs) in the duodenal mucosa, and perfusion parameters, including the time-to-peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), area under the curve (AUC), and wash-in and wash-out rates (WiR and WoR, respectively), were generated. Intraday and interday coefficients of variation (CVs) for TTP, PI, AUC, WiR and WoR were <25% (range, 2.27–23.41%), which indicated that CEUS was feasible for assessing duodenal perfusion in healthy sedated dogs. A further study of CEUS in dogs with chronic intestinal disorders is necessary to evaluate its clinical applicability.

  • Rina NABETA, Hironari OSADA, Misato OGAWA, Ayana HASEGAWA, Miori KISHI ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1489-1493
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー

    A 9-year-old, spayed female Chihuahua was presented with a 1-week history of lethargy and anorexia. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography found bilateral adrenal masses without metastasis. Serum cortisol levels that were sampled before and after an adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test were within reference ranges. Lethargy and anorexia completely resolved after short-term fluid therapy; the clinical signs did not occur for approximately 8 months until her sudden death. A postmortem examination revealed bilateral adrenocortical carcinomas and liver metastasis. Primary adrenocortical carcinomas developed in the dog met the definition of bilateral incidental adrenal gland masses (IAGMs). This is the first case report to demonstrate based on histological identification that adrenocortical carcinomas cause bilateral IAGMs in dogs.

  • Junwoo BAE, Mahmoud SOLIMAN, Hyunwoo KIM, Seongwoo KANG, Woosun KIM, S ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1591-1595
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/09/02
    ジャーナル フリー

    Hydroxyethyl starches (HES) are commonly used synthetic colloidal solution in veterinary medicine. Despite of possible adverse effect to kidney injury in human, there is no report about nephrotoxic effects of HES in dogs. HES was administered to a Golden retriever (4-year-old, intact male) with ascites in order to increase plasma osmolality. Initially, the dog was mild azotemic, however, kidney function was rapidly deteriorated after several days of HES administration. Finally, histopathological examination revealed remarkable osmotic nephrosis. In the case reported herein, acute kidney injury was remarkably developed after HES administration. Clinical and histopathologic findings of acute kidney injury support nephrotoxic effects of HES to a dog.

Laboratory Animal Science
  • Risa WATADANI, Jun KOTOH, Daiki SASAKI, Azusa SOMEYA, Kozo MATSUMOTO, ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1596-1602
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/22
    ジャーナル フリー

    10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10H2DA) is a fatty acid found in royal jelly (RJ). In healthy mice, it activates 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increases glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation. Therefore, we examined whether 10H2DA has a potential therapeutic effect against type 2 diabetes in obese/diabetic KK-Ay mice. 10H2DA (3 mg/kg body weight) was administered to female KK-Ay mice for 4 weeks by oral gavage. Phenotypes for body weight, plasma glucose by oral glucose tolerance test and insulin levels were measured. mRNA and protein levels were determined using qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. Long-term administration of 10H2DA significantly improved hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in KK-Ay mice, but did not prevent obesity. 10H2DA increased the expression of phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) protein in skeletal muscles; however, this expression did not correlate with increased GLUT4 translocation. Furthermore, 10H2DA neither enhanced the expression of adiponectin receptor mRNA nor activated the insulin signaling cascade, such as GSK-3β phosphorylation, in the liver. We found that 10H2DA-treated mice had a significant increase in the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc-1α) mRNA in skeletal muscles compared with non-treated group (P=0.0024). These findings suggest that 10H2DA is involved in the improvement of type 2 diabetes, at least in part via activation of Pgc-1α expression, but does not prevent obesity.

Parasitology
  • Yumi YUASA, Yi-Lun TSAI, Chao-Chin CHANG, Tien-Huan HSU, Chi-Chung CHO ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1494-1502
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/06
    ジャーナル フリー

    Canine anaplasmosis is regarded as an infection by Anaplasma platys rather than zoonotic Anaplasma phagocytophilum in subtropical areas based on the assumption that the common dog tick species is Rhipicephalus sanguineus, which transmits E. canis and presumably A. platys. We investigated asymptomatic dogs and dog ticks from 16 communities in Nantou County, Taiwan to identify common dog tick species and to determine the prevalence of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia spp. Of total 175 canine blood samples and 315 ticks, including 306 R. sanguineus and 9 Haemaphysalis hystricis, 15 dogs and 3 R. sanguineus ticks were positive for E. canis, while 47 dogs and 71 R. sanguineus ticks were positive for A. platys, via nested PCR for 16S rDNA and DNA sequencing of selected positive amplicons. However, among the dogs and ticks that were positive to A. platys 16S rDNA, only 20 dogs and 11 ticks were positive to nested PCR for A. platys groEL gene. These results revealed the importance of searching for novel Anaplasma spp. closely related to A. platys in dogs and ticks. Seropositivity to a commercial immunochromatographic test SNAP 4Dx Anaplasma sp. was not significantly associated with PCR positivity for A. platys but with infestation by ticks carrying A. platys (P<0.05). Accordingly, R. sanguineus may be involved in transmission of A. platys but may not act as a reservoir of E. canis and PCR results for 16S rDNA could be a problematic diagnostic index for A. platys infection.

Pathology
  • Mio ISHIMORI, Masaki MICHISHITA, Hisashi YOSHIMURA, Daigo AZAKAMI, Kaz ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1503-1506
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/21
    ジャーナル フリー

    A 7-year-old female domestic rabbit suffered from labored respiration, poor appetite, mild anemia and thrombocytopenia. Radioscopic examination revealed masses in multiple locations including the intrapleural cavity and spleen. Forty-three days after the first visit to a private veterinary clinic, the rabbit died of severe respiratory distress. Microscopically, all of the masses were composed of round to polygonal neoplastic cells with distinct cell borders that were arranged in a sheet pattern. Multinucleated giant neoplastic cells were often observed. Some neoplastic cells had phagocytozed one or more erythrocytes. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the neoplastic cells expressed vimentin, CD204, Iba-1 and lysozyme, but not CD163. Based on the morphological and immunohistochemical findings, this case was diagnosed as disseminated histiocytic sarcoma with hemophagocytosis.

Pharmacology
  • Masashi UCHIDA, Tomoya MIYOSHI, Yohei MIYAMOTO
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1507-1515
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/16
    ジャーナル フリー

    Cisplatin (CDDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent that is widely used in the treatment of lymphomas and solid malignancies. However, its clinical usage is limited by its severe side effects in the kidneys. Glomerular and tubular injuries in the kidneys commonly progress to interstitial fibrosis and, ultimately, the end stage of renal failure. We previously reported that 3-acetyl-5-methyltetronic acid (AMT) had inhibitory effects on rat renal vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide reductase (VKOR) in vitro and also suppressed mesangial cell proliferation and, consequently, the formation of fibrosis via the vitamin K-dependent activation of the growth arrest-specific 6 (Gas6)/Axl pathway in anti-Thy-1 glomerulonephritis (Thy-1 GN) in rats. In the present study, we demonstrated that AMT alleviated the progression of renal fibrosis in CDDP-treated rats. The repeated intravenous administration of AMT for 28 days dose-dependently suppressed increases in plasma urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels as well as creatinine clearance in CDDP-treated rats. Furthermore, the treatment suppressed the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive cells and ameliorated the extracellular matrix accumulation of collagen III, indicating an antifibrotic effect. In conclusion, our toxicological and histopathological results demonstrated quantitatively the pharmacological inhibitory effects of AMT on the progression of renal fibrosis in CDDP-treated rats.

  • Kosuke OTANI, Muneyoshi OKADA, Hideyuki YAMAWAKI
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1516-1523
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    電子付録

    Tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), a receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurotrophin-3, includes the alternatively spliced three isoforms specifically in rats. Each isoform, full length TrkB (TrkB FL), truncated TrkB type-1 (TrkB T1) and type-2 (TrkB T2), seems to mediate diverse cellular function. Some studies suggest that TrkB plays a key role in both neural and non-neural systems. In the present study, we examined mRNA and protein expression profile of three TrkB isoforms in normal adult rat multiple tissues. TrkB FL mRNA and protein were both highly expressed exclusively in brain. While TrkB T1 mRNA was highly expressed exclusively in brain, glycosylated TrkB T1 protein was expressed in brain and heart. TrkB T2 mRNA level in brain was the highest. In brain, TrkB FL mRNA expression was higher in cerebral cortex, but lower in brainstem. TrkB T1 mRNA expression was higher in hypothalamus, but lower in cerebellum. TrkB T2 mRNA expression was higher in cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but lower in brainstem. The present study for the first time clarified diverse distribution of three TrkB isoforms in rat multiple tissues and could serve as a useful resource for understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of mammals including human via comparing the expression pattern of TrkB isoforms.

Surgery
  • Tomoya HARAGUCHI, Shiho KIMURA, Harumichi ITOH, Shimpei NISHIKAWA, Mas ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1524-1531
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    This study compared the effects of postoperative pain and inflammation reaction after preventive laparoscopic-assisted gastropexy (LAG) and incisional gastropexy (IG) in 10 clinically normal Beagles. Surgical time, incision length, visual analog scale (VAS) score, University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) score, and plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), plasma cortisol (COR), and serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were evaluated. The VAS and UMPS scores and COR and IL-6 levels were recorded at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 18 and 24 hr after surgery. CRP level was recorded at 12, 24 and 48 hr after surgery. The VAS and UMPS scores showed no significant intergroup differences. Compared to IG, LAG had significantly lower surgical time (45 ± 9.91 min vs 64 ± 5.30 min; P<0.05), incision length (46 ± 8.21 mm vs 129 ± 19.49 mm; P<0.05), CRP level (12 hr after surgery; 4.58 ± 1.58 mg/dl vs 12.4 ± 1.34 mg/dl; P<0.01), and COR level (1 hr after surgery; 10.79 ± 3.07 µg/dl vs 15.9 ± 3.77 µg/dl; P<0.05). IL-6 levels showed no significant intergroup differences at any time point. However, LAG resulted in lower IL-6 levels than did IG at all postoperative time points. Neither procedure resulted in significant surgical complications. LAG produced lower surgical stress than did IG, suggesting that LAG is a safe, minimally invasive, and highly useful technique for preventing canine gastric dilatation-volvulus. Nevertheless, since this study used experimental models, its usefulness should be evaluated in future cases.

  • Hee-Sup MOON, Yong-Hyun HWANG, Hee-Chun LEE, Jae-Hoon LEE
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1532-1539
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present study aimed to investigate the technical feasibility of percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy via a uniportal approach, and to evaluate the possibility of decompression and endoscopic examination of the thoracic and lumbar spinal canals in small dogs during such procedures. Fresh canine cadavers of mixed-breed dogs (n=7) were used in this study. Following injection of a barium and agarose mixture (BA-gel) to stimulate intervertebral disc herniation, percutaneous endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy was performed using a lateral approach to the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. BA-gel was removed to decompress the spinal cord using an elevator and rongeurs after mini-hemilaminectomy. Pre and post-operative computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained to evaluate surgical outcomes. Intra-operative complications, incision length, and procedure time were recorded. All procedures were completed with clear visualization of the spinal cord and floor of the spinal canal. The mean total operating time was 58.00 ± 18.06 min. Lengths of incision were under 1 cm in all dogs. Intra-operative complications included iatrogenic nerve root injuries caused by the micro-rongeur in two dogs. CT imaging revealed that removal of BA-gel resulted in sufficient spinal cord decompression. Our findings indicated that percutaneous endoscopic thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy is feasible for spinal cord decompression and allows for adequate observation of the spinal canal. Thus, this technique may be an alternative surgical option for treatment of thoracolumbar disk disease in dogs.

  • Hyunjoo LIM, Jina KIM, Li LI, Aeri LEE, Junemoe JEONG, Jonghyeok KO, S ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1603-1610
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー

    The aim of this study was to describe a ventral laparoscopic technique for bilateral medial iliac lymphadenectomy in dogs. Twelve intact male purpose-bred research dogs, weighing less than 15 kg, were positioned in dorsal recumbency, and a 3-portal technique was used. Bilateral dissection was performed with vessel-sealing devices while tilting the surgical table by up to 30° towards the contralateral side of the target medial iliac lymph node (MILN) without changing the surgeon’s position. Using a ventral laparoscopic approach, bilateral MILNs were identified and excised in all dogs. The mean times for unilateral and bilateral MILN dissections were 9.7 ± 3.8 and 21.0 ± 6.0 min, respectively. The mean times for the right and left MILN dissections were 10.8 ± 4.3 and 9.8 ± 2.5 min, respectively. The mean total surgery time was 43.7 ± 7.7 min. In total, 26 MILNs were dissected. Several complications, including mild to moderate capillary hemorrhage from perinodal fat and vessels (controlled laparoscopically), mild spleen trauma caused by the first trocar insertion and capsular damage of MILNs, were observed. However, there were no other major complications. All MILN samples were evaluated and deemed suitable for histopathologic diagnosis. Laparoscopic excision of MILNs is a useful method of excisional biopsy for histopathologic diagnosis. Using this ventral laparoscopic approach with the 3-portal technique, bilateral MILN dissection suitable for obtaining histopathologic samples could be achieved in a short time in dogs weighing less than 15 kg.

  • Harumichi ITOH, Shimpei NISHIKAWA, Tomoya HARAGUCHI, Yu ARIKAWA, Masat ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1540-1544
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/06/05
    ジャーナル フリー

    Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are abundant and readily obtained, and have been studied for their clinical applicability in regenerative medicine. Some surface antigens have been identified as markers of different ADSC subpopulations in mice and humans. However, it is unclear whether functionally distinct subpopulations exist in dogs. To address this issue, we evaluated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity—a widely used stem cell marker in mice and humans—by flow cytometry. Approximately 20% of bulk ADSCs showed high ALDH activity. Compared to cells with low activity (ALDHLo), the high-activity (ALDHHi) subpopulation exhibited a higher capacity for adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation. This is the first report of distinct ADSC subpopulations in dogs that differ in terms of adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential.

  • Mamoru ONUMA, Hirotaka KONDO, Sadaharu ONO, Akiyoshi MURAKAMI, Tomoko ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1611-1614
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    The outcomes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were retrospectively evaluated in 146 exotic animals including 20 pet birds, 47 rabbits, 34 hamsters, 18 ferrets, 7 turtles and 20 other small mammals in cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) at presentation or during hospitalization at an animal clinic. The rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival after CPR and discharge were 9.3, 2.3 and 1.2%, respectively. The mean success rate of CPR in animals included in this study was lower than those previously reported in dogs and cats. This might have been because of the challenges in effective chest compression, airway management and monitoring as well as establishment of intravenous catheterization route in exotic animals.

Theriogenology
  • Hiroaki OKAWA, Atsushi FUJIKURA, Missaka M.P. WIJAYAGUNAWARDANE, Peter ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1545-1551
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/21
    ジャーナル フリー

    In this study, the prevalence, effectiveness of diagnosis, and treatment based on vaginal discharge score (VDS) of clinical endometritis in cattle were evaluated. To detect clinical endometritis and classify its severity, vaginoscopy was performed during 21 to 60 days postpartum in 164 Holstein cows consisting of 229 lactations. Groups were defined using the 4-point VDS scale. Study groups included the following: non-endometritis (VDS=0; no/clear mucus; NEM group; n=168); mild endometritis, no treatment (VDS=1; mucus containing flecks of white/off-white pus; NTR group; n=30); and severe endometritis, treated with PGF2α (VDS≥2; discharge containing <50% pus; and VDS=3; discharge containing >50% pus, and fluid or uterine horn asymmetry; TEM group; n=31). Cows treated with PGF2α that did not recover (VDS≥1, n=5) received intrauterine procaine penicillin and streptomycin. Prevalence of clinical endometritis (VDS≥1) was 26.6%. The NTR group required significantly more artificial inseminations per pregnancy than NEM and TEM groups (2.8 ± 1.8 vs 2.0 ± 1.3, 1.9 ± 0.8, P<0.05). In survival analysis, the proportion of non-pregnant cows was higher in the NTR group compared to the NEM (P=0.012) and TEM (P=0.076) groups. In the TEM group, calving to first artificial insemination interval tended to be higher in cows treated 41 to 60 days postpartum than cows treated 29 to 40 days postpartum (97.2 ± 27.1 vs 74.4 ± 19.7, P=0.084). Our study suggests that cows with VDS=1 may require treatment to recover fertility. Diagnosis and treatment of clinical endometritis based on a VDS grading system may improve dairy herd reproductive performance.

Virology
  • Takumi HAYASHI, Hirohisa MEKATA, Satoshi SEKIGUCHI, Yumi KIRINO, Shuya ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1552-1555
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/28
    ジャーナル フリー

    The bovine MHC (BoLA) class II DRB3 alleles are associated with polyclonal expansion of lymphocytes caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle. To examine whether the DRB3*0902 allele, one of the resistance-associated alleles, is associated with the proviral load, we measured BLV proviral load of BLV-infected cattle and clarified their DRB3 alleles. Fifty-seven animals with DRB3*0902 were identified out of 835 BLV-infected cattle and had significantly lower proviral load (P<0.000001) compared with the rest of the infected animals, in both Japanese Black and Holstein cattle. This result strongly indicates that the BoLA class II DRA/DRB3*0902 molecule plays an important immunological role in suppressing viral replication, resulting in resistance to the disease progression.

Wildlife Science
  • Chaerul BASRI, Eko Muhammad Zainal ARIFIN, Hitoshi TAKEMAE, Yupadee HE ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1615-1626
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/20
    ジャーナル フリー

    Flying foxes have been considered to be involved in the transmission of serious infectious diseases to humans. Using questionnaires, we aimed to determine the direct and/or indirect contacts of flying foxes in an Indonesian nature conservation area with domestic animals and humans living in the surrounding area. We surveyed 150 residents of 10 villages in West Java. Villages were classified into 3 groups: inside and/or within 1 km from the outer border of the conservation area and 1–5 km or 5–10 km away from the reserve’s outer border. Data were collected by direct interview using a structured questionnaire consisting of the respondent characteristics (age, sex and occupation); histories of contacts between flying foxes and humans, dogs and other domestic animals; and knowledge about infectious diseases, mainly rabies, in flying foxes. We found that flying foxes from the nature conservation area often enter residential areas at night to look for food, especially during the fruit season. In these residential areas, flying foxes had direct contacts with humans and a few contacts with domestic animals, especially dogs. People who encounter flying foxes seldom used personal protective equipment, such as leather gloves, goggles and caps. The residents living around the conservation area mostly had poor knowledge about flying foxes and disease transmission. This situation shows that the population in this region is at a quite high risk for contracting infectious diseases from flying foxes.

  • Nana USHINE, Tatsuo SATO, Takuya KATO, Shin-ichi HAYAMA
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1627-1632
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/29
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/29
    ジャーナル フリー

    During the autumn migration of many waterfowls, body mass is lowest upon arrival at the wintering area and gradually increases during the winter. Consequently, body mass is highest before the spring migration. We studied the pattern of body mass changes in the Black-Headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) from December 2010 to December 2016 in the Shinhama area of Chiba, Japan. Based on 327 captured animals, body mass increased during the wintering period, but tended to decrease before migration. In 2014–2016, a muscle mass reduction in females was observed, explaining the change in body mass. However, the observed weight loss may be caused by many factors, which may be related to the migratory ecology of the regional population.

  • Kyung-Yeon EO, Hyun-Ho LEE, Seul-Kee LEE, Young-Mok JUNG, Yong-Gu YEO, ...
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1556-1558
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/07/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    A 19-year-old captive male waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) exhibited traumatic pericarditis at necropsy. The animal weighed 182 kg at necropsy and revealed no remarkable findings in external observation. Severe pericardial adhesions with fibrosis, hepato-diaphragmatic adhesions, straw-colored ascites and hepatosplenomegaly were observed upon examining the internal organs. Perforations made by a 12-cm-long sharp-ended bamboo twig were detected in the reticulum, diaphragm, pericardium, lung and liver. Trueperella pyogenes was identified in pericardial fluid. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of traumatic reticulopericarditis caused by a sharp-ended bamboo twig in a captive waterbuck.

  • Mitsuru KOUTAKA, Hanami HYOUGO, Kousuke TSUGO, Yumi UNE
    2017 年 79 巻 9 号 p. 1559-1562
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/09/12
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2017/08/04
    ジャーナル フリー

    A 27-year-old captive female California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) died suddenly. Necropsy findings showed severe hemopericardium, the right coronary artery arose from the sinus of the pulmonary trunk, and the aortic valve was composed of two semilunar cusps. Coronary artery branches emerging from the epicardium were dilated and tortuous. Pampiniform vascular plexus formation existed along the adventitia from the coronal sulcus to the pulmonary trunk. This is the first report of multiple congenital cardiac malformations with an anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery and a bicuspid aortic valve in a marine mammal.

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