Journal of Veterinary Medical Science
Online ISSN : 1347-7439
Print ISSN : 0916-7250
ISSN-L : 0916-7250
76 巻, 5 号
May
選択された号の論文の25件中1~25を表示しています
Review
  • Jae Jin KO, F. A. (Tony) MANN
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 621-628
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Barium peritonitis is extremely rare, but is difficult to treat and may be life-threatening. Barium suspension leakage from the gastrointestinal tract into the abdominal cavity has a time-dependent and synergistically deleterious effect in patients who have generalized bacterial peritonitis. The severity of barium peritonitis is dependent on the quantity of barium in the abdominal cavity. Barium sulfate leakage results in hypovolemia and hypoproteinemia by worsening the exudation of extracellular fluid and albumin. Abdominal fluid analysis is a useful and efficient method to diagnose barium peritonitis. Serial radiographs may not be a reliable or timely diagnostic technique. Initial aggressive fluid resuscitation and empirical broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment should be instituted promptly, followed quickly by celiotomy. During exploratory surgical intervention, copious irrigation and direct wiping with gauze are employed to remove as much barium as possible. Omentectomy should be considered when needed to expedite barium removal. Despite aggressive medical and surgical treatments, postoperative prognosis is guarded to poor due to complications, such as acute vascular shock, sepsis, diffuse peritonitis, hypoproteninemia, electrolyte imbalance, cardiac arrest, small bowel obstruction related to progression of granulomas and adhesions in the abdominal cavity. Therefore, intensive postoperative monitoring and prompt intervention are necessary to maximize chances for a positive outcome. For those that do survive, small bowel obstruction is a potential consequence due to progression of abdominal adhesions.
Anatomy
  • Seishi MAEDA, Sachi KUWAHARA-OTANI, Koichi TANAKA, Tetsu HAYAKAWA, Mak ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 763-765
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    To clarify the origin of efferent nerves containing renal plexus, the retrograde neuronal tracing was utilized with a new exact closed injection system with microcapsules. The microcapsule was positioned in the rat left renal plexus, and the capsule was filled with fluoro-gold. Retrograde labeled cells were observed in the ipsilateral sympathetic trunk, especially T12 and T13, and the ipsilateral suprarenal ganglia (SrG). There were no labeled cells in the parasympathetic nuclei in medulla oblongata and sacral cords. These results indicated that the origins of efferent nerves in the rat renal plexus are almost all sympathetic ganglia, such as sympathetic trunk and SrG, and cells in other ganglia may be secondary or accessory innervations.
  • Hyun-Jin TAE, Byung-Yong PARK, In-Shik KIM, Dongchoon AHN
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 767-771
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate gross findings of the obturator notch (ON) and obturator canal (OC) in Cervidae. A total of 183 pelvic girdles from 26 species of deer were examined, and the obturator canal (OC) was classified into 4 types based on the degree of separation from the obturator foramen (OF). The deep ON was observed primarily in the subfamily Capreolinae (telemetacarpal deer). The small bony OC was frequently observed in Hydropotes inermis, Mazama gouazoubira and Ozotoceros bezoarticus. A canal without a tubercle or bony bridge structure was mainly observed in the subfamily Cervinae (plesiometacarpal deer). These results suggest that the deep ONs or the OCs separated by bony structures are more common in telemetacarpal rather than plesiometacarpal deer.
Bacteriology
  • Ki-Eun LEE, Seong-In LIM, Seong-Ho SHIN, Yong-Kuk KWON, Ha-Young KIM, ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 745-749
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Clostridium perfringens causes various digestive system disease symptoms in pigs. In the present study, 11 C. perfringens isolates were obtained from diarrheic piglets and 18 from healthy piglets. All of the C. perfringens isolates were shown to be type A using a multiplex PCR assay. The β2 toxin gene was detected in 27/29 C. perfringens isolates, i.e., 81% (9/11) of diarrheic piglets and 100% (18/18) of healthy piglets, and all of the genes had the same sequence. In conclusion, the β2 toxin gene of C. perfringens was distributed widely in Korean piglets regardless of the incidence of diarrhea, and there was no clear relationship with enteric disease. A pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of DNA digested using SmaI demonstrated the non-clonal spread of C. perfringens isolates from piglets.
Ethology
Immunology
  • Kojin NAKADA, Kuniyasu FUJISAWA, Hiroyuki HORIUCHI, Shuichi FURUSAWA
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 693-704
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Peripheral blood cells from ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis, were separated using a density gradient. Blood cells were then smeared using Shandon Cytospin and subjected to cytochemical staining. Blood cells were categorized based on morphological and cytochemical characteristics, and the density fractionation range and nucleus area/cell area ratio were observed. Lymphocytes are distinguished from neutrophils by their basophilic cytoplasm and Golgi-like field. The features of chromatin in thrombocytes are different from those of lymphocytes or neutrophils, but some small neutrophils have similar chromatin. Therefore, it is necessary to perform peroxidase staining to distinguish small neutrophils from thrombocytes. Basophils have large basophilic granules in cytoplasm. Based on density fractionation of blood cells, thrombocytes in the low-density area were separated from other blood cells. Identification of peripheral blood cells from ayu was possible with these staining methods. Monocytes/macrophages from spleen are specifically positive for esterase staining by α-naphthyl butyrate. As a result, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils and monocytes/macrophages were identified in smears from peripheral blood or spleen tissue. In this paper, we confirmed that the peripheral blood corpuscles of ayu are able to be identified using the present staining methods.
Internal Medicine
  • Masashi TAKAHASHI, Hirotaka TOMIYASU, Eri HOTTA, Hajime ASADA, Kenjiro ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 661-666
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/20
    ジャーナル フリー
    Canine histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a rare neoplasm that originates from dendritic cells or macrophages, and there have been a number of cases experienced in Japan. To identify the characteristics and prognostic variables that determine outcome in dogs with HS in Japan, medical records of 73 dogs with HS were retrospectively analyzed. Signalment, clinical signs, complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry profiles, treatment, response to treatment and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. Diagnosis of HS was determined histologically in 44 cases and cytologically in 29 cases. The most frequently diagnosed breeds were Flat-Coated Retrievers (n=16, odds ratio [OR] 62.0), Pembroke Welsh corgis (n=15, OR 9.7) and Bernese Mountain dogs (n=14, OR 45.0). Median survival time for all dogs in this study was 43 days. In the dogs that received no treatment or only symptomatic treatment, the median OS was 12 days (range 2–254 days) compared with that of dogs that received surgical treatment and/or chemotherapy (85 days, range 4–360 days). Univariate analysis identified anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoproteinemia and not receiving antitumor treatment (chemotherapy and/or surgery) as factors significantly associated with shorter OS. Multivariate analysis confirmed that platelet counts, localized/disseminated lesional pattern and whether the dog received antitumor treatment were significantly predictive of survival.
  • Abdul Qadir QADIS, Satoru GOYA, Minoru YATSU, Atsushi KIMURA, Toshihir ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 677-684
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    Subpopulations of peripheral leukocytes and cytokine mRNA expression levels were evaluated in scouring and healthy Holstein calves (age 10 ± 5 days; n=42) treated with a probiotic consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium and Clostridium butyricum. The calves were assigned to the scouring or healthy group and then subdivided into pathogen-positive treated (n=8), pathogen-positive control (n=8), pathogen-negative treated (n=6), pathogen-negative control (n=6), healthy treated (n=6) and healthy control (n=8) groups. A single dose of the probiotic (3.0 g/100 kg body weight) was given to each calf in the treatment groups for 5 days. Blood samples were collected on the first day of scour occurrence (day 0) and on day 7. In the scouring calves, smaller peripheral leukocyte subpopulations and cytokine mRNA expression levels were noted on day 0. The numbers of CD3+ T cells; CD4+, CD8+ and WC1+ γδ T cell subsets; and CD14+, CD21+ and CD282+ (TLR2) cells were significantly increased in the scouring and healthy treated calves on day 7. Furthermore, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma mRNA expression was elevated in the peripheral leukocytes of the scouring and healthy treated calves on day 7. The scouring calves given the probiotic recovered on day 7. A significantly smaller number of peripheral leukocytes and lower cytokine mRNA expression level might be induced by scouring in calves. Repeated probiotic administration might stimulate cellular immunity and encourage recovery from scouring in pre-weaning Holstein calves.
  • Makoto NAKATA, Yasutsugu MIWA, Masaya TSUBOI, Kazuyuki UCHIDA
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 705-709
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A 4-year-old spayed female ferret presented with a 2-month history of anorexia, vomiting and occasional diarrhea. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed thickening of the gastric wall and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Biopsy samples from the thickened gastric wall, enlarged abdominal lymph nodes and liver were taken during an exploratory laparotomy. Based on the histopathological examination, mycobacterium infection was diagnosed. The bacterial species could not be identified by additional diagnostic tests of feces, including fecal smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The ferret was treated with prednisolone and multiple antimicrobials, including rifampicin, azithromycin and enrofloxacin, but did not improve with treatment and died 220 days after the first presentation.
  • Dohyeon YU, Junhwan KIM, Chul PARK, Jinho PARK
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 777-780
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress the immune system and maintain the homeostasis of the immune system in healthy dogs. In septic patients, the percentage of circulating Tregs is increasing, which may cause the sepsis-induced immunosuppression. This study was performed to investigate the changes of the percentage of Tregs in total lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in the experimental canine endotoxemia model. The animals injected with a high dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced severe leukopenia followed by leukocytosis, but the total lymphocytes number was relatively consistent. As a result of flow cytometric analysis, the percentage of Tregs in total lymphocytes of the peripheral blood was 8.45 ± 1.30% (day 0), and it temporarily decreased 2.54 ± 1.16% (day 1) and increased continuously until the end of the experiment (14.34 ± 4.10% on day 3 and 25.70 ± 7.39% on day 7), respectively. This study provides basic information in physiologic and immunologic changes in Tregs in dogs with sepsis model.
Pathology
  • Tatsuro HIFUMI, Hiroaki KAWAGUCHI, Manabu YAMADA, Noriaki MIYOSHI
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 711-713
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    A solitary spherical mass was found in the caudal part of the cranial lobe of the left lung of a 28-month-old Japanese Black cow. The mass was circumscribed, embedded in the lung parenchyma and not connected to the liver or diaphragm. Histologically, the mass comprised hepatocytes, portal structures consisting of interlobular bile ducts, interlobular arteries and interlobular veins, and central veins. Based on the histological findings, a diagnosis of intrathoracic ectopic liver was made. Considering the absence of any previous history of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia or surgery, the mass might have resulted from a congenital abnormality. To our knowledge, this is the first report of intrathoracic ectopic liver in a cow that might have resulted from a congenital abnormality.
  • Kazufumi KASUYA, Eiji YOSHIDA, Rieko HARADA, Mio HASEGAWA, Hiroyuki OS ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 715-718
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    An 18-week-old female breeding Yorkshire pig displayed symptoms of astasia and subsequently died. Histologically, severe disseminated suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis was detected, as were numerous myocardial microabscesses. Gram-positive cocci were detected in these suppurative lesions, and these cocci reacted with an antibody against Streptococcus C group species. Gram-positive cocci were isolated from the liver, spleen, kidney, heart, lungs, pleural abscess and articular fluid of the right tarsal joint. The isolates were β-hemolytic, categorized into Lancefield group C and were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis by analysis of the 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. This is the first report of systemic S. equisimilis infection in a pig with severe disseminated suppurative meningoencephalomyelitis.
  • Takayuki MINESHIGE, Kyohei YASUNO, Go SUGAHARA, Yoshifumi TOMISHITA, N ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 735-739
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were made on a cutaneous tumor on the head of an 11-year-old female mixed-breed dog. The tumor was well demarcated and comprised multilobular structures of neoplastic epithelial cells with abundant plump peritumoral stromal cells. The neoplastic cells formed irregular cell cords or trabeculae and were arranged in characteristic palisades at the periphery. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for p63 and the several cytokeratins examined. In contrast, the plump peritumoral stromal cells were positive for vimentin and unevenly for nestin, a neuroepithelial stem cell protein. The stromal cells prominently proliferated in proximity to epithelial neoplastic cells, suggesting a close interaction between these two cell types.
  • James K. CHAMBERS, Kazuyuki UCHIDA, Yousuke MURATA, Ken-ichi WATANABE, ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 751-755
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    An 8-year-old intact rabbit was presented to a veterinary hospital with a complaint of enlarged left scrotum. Histological examination revealed a single large cyst adjacent to an efferent ductule-like tissue. The cyst wall was composed of monolayer cuboidal cells surrounded by dysplastic testicular tissue, and the seminiferous tubules were not developed at all. The epithelial cells of the cyst possessed the same properties as the epithelial cells of the rete testis that were positive for CD 10 and cytokeratin 18, negative for p63 and lacked desmin-positive muscular layer. The dysplastic testicular tissue was composed of two types of cells: small pleomorphic cells with a condensed nucleus (sex cord-like cells) and large round cells with cytoplasmic lipid droplets (Leydig cells). Both of these cells were positive for vimentin and melan A that are consistent with the staining pattern of Sertoli cells and Leydig cells. This is the first report to demonstrate cystic rete testis with testicular dysplasia in animals.
Pharmacology
  • Masahisa IBUKI, Kensuke FUKUI, Hiroyuki KANATANI, Yoshinori MINE
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 645-651
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of mannanase-hydrolyzed copra meal (MNB), including β-1,4-mannobiose (67.8%), in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced porcine model of intestinal inflammation. In the DSS-positive control (POS) and MNB treatment (MCM) groups, DSS was first administered to piglets via intragastric catheter for 5 days, followed by 5 days administration of saline or MCM. A negative control group (NEG) received a saline alternative to DSS and MNB. Inflammation was assessed by clinical signs, morphological and histological measurements, gut permeability and neutrophil infiltration. Local production of TNF-α and IL-6 were analyzed by ELISA, colonic and ileal inflammatory gene expressions were assessed by real time RT-PCR, and CD4+CD25+ cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry. Crypt elongation and muscle thickness, D-mannitol gut permeation, colonic expression of the inflammatory mediators TNF-α and IL-6 and myeloperoxidase activity were significantly lower in the MCM group than in that of POS group. The mRNA levels of ileal IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α were significantly lower following MCM treatment than with POS treatment.MNB exerts anti-inflammatory activity in vivo, suggesting that MNB is a novel therapeutic that may provide relief to human and animals suffering from intestinal inflammation.
  • Miho NAGASAWA, Aki SHIMOZAWA, Kazutaka MOGI, Takefumi KIKUSUI
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 757-761
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of N-acetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNAc) on age-related cognitive dysfunction in dogs. ManNAc was administered to 5 dogs with low cognitive levels for 2 months, and the cognitive ability and active-resting cycle were periodically assessed for improvement. ManNAc treatment significantly reduced the number of error trials in the place-learning test, especially in the first month of administration. Three ManNAc-treated dogs also showed improvement in the active-resting cycle. In conclusion, ManNAc treatment appears to alleviate age-related cognitive dysfunction.
Public Health
  • Masaru USUI, Shuhei OZAWA, Hiroyuki ONOZATO, Rikiya KUGE, Yuko OBATA, ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 685-692
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    To determine the prevalence of indicator bacteria resistant to antimicrobials among poultry in three Southeast Asian countries (Vietnam, Indonesia and Thailand), we examined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of commensal bacteria isolated from chickens. In total, 125, 117 and 180 isolates of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, respectively, were used to test for antimicrobial susceptibility. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial treatment was most frequently observed with oxytetracycline with a prevalence of 73.6% (E. coli), 69.2% (E. faecalis) and 92.2% (E. faecium). Resistance to fluoroquinolones, which are critically important medicines, was also frequently observed in E. coli (48.8%), E. faecalis (17.9%) and E. faecium (82.8%). The prevalence of indicator bacteria resistant to most of the antimicrobials tested in these countries was higher than those for developed countries. The factors underlying antimicrobial resistance may include inappropriate and/or excessive use of antimicrobials. These results highlight the need for monitoring the emergence and prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries.
Surgery
  • Namgil OH, Sangho KIM, Kenji HOSOYA, Masahiro OKUMURA
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 629-636
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    The suppressive effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the bone healing process have remained controversial, since no clinical data have clearly shown the relationship between NSAIDs and bone healing. The aim of this study was to assess the compensatory response of canine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to several classes of NSAIDs, including carprofen, meloxicam, indomethacin and robenacoxib, on osteogenic differentiation. Each of the NSAIDs (10 µM) was administered during 20 days of the osteogenic process with human recombinant IL-1β (1 ng/ml) as an inflammatory stimulator. Gene expression of osteoblast differentiation markers (alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin), receptors of PGE2 (EP2 and EP4) and enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis (COX-1, COX-2, cPGES and mPGES-1) was measured by using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Protein production levels of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and PGE2 were quantified using an alkaline phosphatase activity assay, osteocalcin immunoassay and PGE2 immunoassay, respectively. Histologic analysis was performed using alkaline phosphatase staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining. Alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition were suppressed by all NSAIDs. However, osteocalcin production showed no significant suppression by NSAIDs. Gene expression levels of PGE2-related receptors and enzymes were upregulated during continuous treatment with NSAIDs, while certain channels for PGE2 synthesis were utilized differently depending on the kind of NSAIDs. These data suggest that canine BMSCs have a compensatory mechanism to restore PGE2 synthesis, which would be an intrinsic regulator to maintain differentiation of osteoblasts under NSAID treatment.
  • Hiroshi UENO, Kenjiro MIYOSHI, Sho FUKUI, Yumi KONDO, Kazuya MATSUDA, ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 723-727
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    An 8-year-old neutered female Cavalier King Charles spaniel was evaluated for progressing right forelimb lameness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the right-side radial nerves and the caudal brachial plexus were swollen. The histological and molecular biological diagnosis by partial biopsy of the C8 spinal nerve was T-cell lymphoma. Coadministration of lomustine and irradiation was started. However, this therapy was ineffective. At necropsy, neoplastic tissues were seen extending into the subarachnoid space of the spinal cord, liver, pancreas and kidneys as gross findings. A large mass was also identified occupying the caudal thorax. Histologic findings included infiltration in these organs and the mass by neoplastic lymphocytes. To date, involvement of peripheral nerves (neurolymphomatosis) is rarely reported in veterinary species.
Theriogenology
  • Keisuke KOYAMA, Sung-Sik KANG, Weiping HUANG, Yojiro YANAGAWA, Yoshiyu ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 653-659
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    The objective of this research was to estimate the optimal timing for fertilization to achieve proper embryonic development of in vitro-matured bovine oocytes. First, cumulus-oocyte complexes were subjected to in vitro maturation (IVM) for 14–22 hr. The timing when 50% of oocytes reached metaphase II stage was estimated to be 17.5 hr after IVM start. Next, using oocytes subjected to IVM for 12–30 hr, sperm penetration was examined after 4–18 hr of in vitro fertilization (IVF). A significant negative correlation between IVM duration and the timing when 50% of oocytes were penetrated by sperm after IVF start was observed (P<0.01). Finally, oocytes subjected to 12–30 hr of IVM were inseminated and cultured for 6 days to examine embryonic development. In the group with 22 hr of IVM, the percentages of cleaved embryos and blastocysts were the highest values in all groups. According to the regression equation describing the time from nuclear maturation to sperm penetration (x) and the percentage of blastocysts (y) (y=7.23x − 0.297x2, P<0.01), the blastocyst rate peaked when sperm penetration occurred at 12.2 hr after achieving nuclear maturation. In conclusion, under the present IVM/IVF conditions, it was estimated that oocytes acquired their highest developmental competence at about 30 hr after IVM start, and thus, the optimal IVM duration was calculated to be about 21 hr.
  • Masanori KOBAYASHI, Miho WADA, Tatsuya HORI, Eiichi KAWAKAMI
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 741-743
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/16
    ジャーナル フリー
    Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in flushings from oviducts and uterine horns of 8 anestrous, 5 estrous and 7 diestrous bitches was measured. SOD activity in oviductal fluid in estrous bitches was significantly higher than that in anestrous and diestrous bitches (P<0.01). SOD activity in uterine fluid of diestrous bitches was, however, significantly higher than that in anestrous and estrous bitches (P<0.01). Additionally, sperm collected from normal dogs were incubated in MEM and in MEM containing SOD (SOD-MEM) for 24 hr. The percentages of sperm with viability, motility and hyperactivation in SOD-MEM were higher than those in MEM. SOD produced in oviduct and uterus may be able to maintain or improve sperm quality and fertility in the dog.
Virology
  • Hiroki YAMAGUCHI, Shintaro KOBAYASHI, Junki MARUYAMA, Michihito SASAKI ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 637-644
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, we detected novel vervet monkey polyomavirus 1 (VmPyV) in a vervet monkey. Among amino acid sequences of major capsid protein VP1s of other polyomaviruses, VmPyV VP1 is the longest with additional amino acid residues in the C-terminal region. To examine the role of VmPyV VP1 in virion formation, we generated virus-like particles (VLPs) of VmPyV VP1, because VLP is a useful tool for the investigation of the morphological characters of polyomavirus virions. After the full-length VmPyV VP1 was subcloned into a mammalian expression plasmid, the plasmid was transfected into human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells. Thereafter, VmPyV VLPs were purified from the cell lysates of the transfected cells via sucrose gradient sedimentation. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that VmPyV VP1 forms VLPs with a diameter of approximately 50 nm that are exclusively localized in cell nuclei. Furthermore, we generated VLPs consisting of the deletion mutant VmPyV VP1 (ΔC VP1) lacking the C-terminal 116 amino acid residues and compared its VLP formation efficiency and morphology to those of VLPs from wild-type VmPyV VP1 (WT VP1). WT and ΔC VP1 VLPs were similar in size, but the number of ΔC VP1 VLPs was much lower than that of WT VP1 VLPs in VP1-expressing HEK293T cells. These results suggest that the length of VP1 is unrelated to virion morphology; however, the C-terminal region of VmPyV VP1 affects the efficiency of its VLP formation.
  • Seiichi TANAKA, Kazuaki MANNEN
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 719-722
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/10
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, the effect of cholinergic or adrenergic inhibitors on the reactivation of latent Pseudorabies virus (PRV) was analyzed to clarify the mechanism of the reactivation of latent PRV by acetylcholine. For acetylcholine inhibition, latently infected mice were injected with scopolamine or succynilcholine before acetylcholine stimulation. For sympathetic blocking, mice were preinjected intraperitoneally with phenoxybenzamine or propranolol. The signals to both acetylcholine receptors had no relationship to the reactivation of latent PRV, and both sympathetic blockers showed inhibition of PRV reactivation by acetylcholine. In our reactivation model, a large amount of acetylcholine may stimulate the sympathetic nerve system in some way to reactivate the virus.
Wildlife Science
  • Eunok LEE, Tae-Young CHOI, Donggul WOO, Mi-Sook MIN, Shoei SUGITA, Han ...
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 667-675
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    The hair microstructures of Korean terrestrial mammals from 23 species (22 wild and one domestic) were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to construct a hair identification key. The hairs were examined using the medulla structures and cuticular scales of guard hairs from the dorsal regions of mature adult animals. All cuticular scale structures in the hair of Rodentia, Lagomorpha, Carnivora and Insectivora showed the petal pattern, and those of Artiodactyla and Chiroptera showed the wave pattern and coronal pattern, respectively. Rodentia, Lagomorpha and Carnivora showed multicellular, and Insectivora and Artiodactyla showed unicellular regular, mesh or columnar in the medulla structures, respectively. Chiroptera did not show the medulla structures in their hair. We found that it is possible to distinguish between species and order based on general appearance, medulla structures and cuticular scales. Thus, we constructed a hair identification key with morphological characteristics from each species. This study suggests that hair identification keys could be useful in fields, such as forensic science, food safety and foraging ecology.
  • Minami W. OKUYAMA, Michito SHIMOZURU, Toshio TSUBOTA
    2014 年 76 巻 5 号 p. 773-775
    発行日: 2014年
    公開日: 2014/06/02
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2014/01/23
    ジャーナル フリー
    A genetic method for sex determination in raccoons was developed based on nucleotide differences of the zinc finger protein genes ZFX and ZFY. Four novel internal primers specific for ZFX or ZFY were designed. PCR amplification using two primer sets followed by agarose gel electrophoresis enabled sex determination. 141-bp and 447-bp bands were in both sex, and 346-bp band was specific only in male with primer set I. 345-bp and 447-bp bands were in both sex, and 141-bp band was specific only in male with primer set II, which could distinguish raccoon’s electrophoresis pattern from three native carnivores in Hokkaido. This method will be useful for conservation genetics studies or biological analyses of raccoons.
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